利用煤矸石生产烧结砖的工艺研究

介绍了鹤壁煤业集团煤矸石烧结空心砖项目,经分析煤矸石原料性能,确定采用一次码烧工艺;从原料制备、成型、干燥和焙烧等方面论述了制备煤矸石空心砖的工艺流程。     

水煤浆加压气化炉用高铬砖的优化

通过调整高铬砖中α-Al2O3微粉粒度分布和Cr2O3微粉的加入量,对水煤浆加压气化炉用高铬砖进行性能优化。结果表明,优化后的高铬砖显气孔率明显降低,抗热震性和抗侵蚀性显著提高。     

Use of steel slag and quartz sand-tailing for the preparation of an eco-friendly permeable brick

In order to effectively utilize industrial solid wastes (ISW), an eco-friendly permeable brick was successfully prepared by using quartz sand-tailing and steel slag. The influence of sintering temperature on the properties including permeability, apparent porosity, water absorption, bulk density, mechanical strengths, and chemical stability was systematically investigated. The research results show that with increasing sintering temperature, the structure of the permeable brick gradually become dense, which may be due to liquid phase sintering caused by a small amount of glass-liquid phase (Ca-Fe-Si-Al-O glass system). The permeability, apparent porosity, and water absorption decrease gradually, while the bulk density and mechanical strengths increase monotonously. Furthermore, the best sintering schedule for the permeable brick is 1320°C for 1 hour, with the optimized parameters, the permeable brick exhibits excellent properties (permeability, 3.65 × 10⁻² cm/s; compressive strength, 34.1 MPa; bending strength, 5.2 MPa; chemical stability, above 99%), wherein the permeability is far beyond Chinese standard (1 × 10⁻² cm/s). The permeable brick in this work provides a promising way for the recycle of ISW. Even better, it can maximize the introduction of quartz sand-tailing and steel slag (reach 100%) and create huge economic benefits while protecting environment.     

Utilization of muscovite granite waste in the manufacture of ceramic tiles

Granite waste is by-product from a decorative rock industry. The present study aims to investigate the effect of muscovite granite waste on the physico-mechanical properties of ceramic tiles to demonstrate its suitability for industrial production. A series of flooring- and facing ceramic tiles were prepared by adding 20, 25, and 30 wt% muscovite granite waste into the batch compositions. The sintering behavior and degrees of densification of two kinds of ceramic tiles were evaluated by determining their physico-mechanical properties and characterizing them by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. As expected, the facing ceramic tile (FacCT1) sample, containing wollastonite, hematite, anorthite, quartz, and cristobalite, with 20 wt% muscovite granite waste showed lower physico-mechanical properties than those of the flooring ceramic tile (FloCT3) sample, containing mullite, calcium aluminosilicate, quartz, and cristobalite, with 30 wt% muscovite granite waste. The reason is that lower firing temperatures cannot accelerate a complete fusion of the granite waste which behaves like an inert non-plastic material similar to quartz. These results illustrate the prospects of utilizing muscovite granite waste in ceramic tile production.     

Preparation and performance of epoxy resin permeable bricks for sponge city construction

As one of the main components in the construction of a sponge city, permeable materials have attracted great attentions. In this study, a series of epoxy resin water-permeable bricks were prepared by using scrubbed and the roasted sand with different particle sizes at ambient temperature. Considering the balance between mechanical properties and water permeability, the optimal vibration time during preparation was determined. Many tests were carried out for various samples. The results indicated that there were great differences in the mechanical properties between the two types of sands. However, the water permeability rate and water filtration efficiency showed opposite tendencies for the changes in sand particle size. The value of the water-retention rate and the anti-slide property were 0.25 g/cm³ and BPN (78 ± 2), respectively, which satisfied the relevant industrial standard. The adhesive coating thickness on the sand surface in the permeable material was estimated by TGA test.     

用粉煤灰和废酸生产聚合氯化铝的研究

介绍了用粉煤灰和废酸生产高效混凝剂聚合氯化铝的技术,不但可以消除粉煤灰和废酸污染,还可以生产质量优良的高效净水剂聚合氯化铝,既实现了废物综合利用,又保护了环境、消除粉煤灰扰民问题,同时又创造了经济价值,实现了环境效益、社会效益、经济效益三者的统一。     

煤矿矸石山绿化造林的小气候效应

对兴隆庄煤矿恢复植被23a的绿化矸石山小环境的气温、空气相对湿度和土壤温度进行了实证研究。结果表明：矸石山绿化造林后,在生长季4、7、8、9月份小环境的气温和土壤温度有明显的降低,矸石山的气温和土壤温度平均降低了2．8℃和5．0℃,在10月底小环境的气温和土壤温度有小幅度的升高,平均升高幅度分别为0．6℃和0．4℃。绿化造林提高了小环境空气相对湿度,平均增加空气相对湿度7．1％。     

硫酸烧渣制备聚合双酸铁铝及其混凝性能

对采用硫铁矿烧渣为主要原料，生产制备新型聚合双酸铁铝混凝剂及其水处理混凝性能进行了研究。对影响烧渣中铁溶出率的反应温度和反应时间进行了考察，并以城市污水和染色工业废水为处理对象，考察了新型聚合双酸铁铝的混凝性能。结果表明，在反应温度为110℃和反应时间为70min时，烧渣中铁的溶出率达到95％左右，经水解聚合反应后所得的聚合双酸铁铝比聚合硫酸铁具有更好的混凝性能和更低的成本。与聚合硫酸铁相比，聚合双酸铁铝具有混凝性能优、成本低廉的特点。     

宁武煤和废塑料的共处理液化研究

在 50mL的小型反应器内 ,进行了煤和废塑料共液化处理的研究 ;结果表明 ,废塑料在一定的条件下 ,可有效地促进煤的转化 ,提高转化率 ,降低氢耗量 ,缓和反应条件     

煤与废塑料共热解特性研究进展

煤与塑料共热解既能回收废塑料中的碳氢资源,又可以实现废塑料的资源无害化处理,是一种很有前景的废塑料资源化回收利用方式。本文概述了煤与塑料共热解的热解特性及其产物性质,分析了煤与塑料共热解的机理及共热解过程中氯的迁移规律,简要介绍了煤和塑料的不同混合方式及其对共热解特性的影响。文中指出煤与塑料共热解具有明显的增油减水效应,在煤热解过程中添加一定量的废塑料不仅可以改善焦油品质,同时对热解半焦的结构和反应性也有一定的影响,因此煤-塑料共热解是一种绿色高效资源化的废塑料处理方式,对于废塑料循环利用、解决白色污染问题及提高煤炭利用率具有重要意义。     

中国选煤的发展和三产品重介质旋流器选煤技术

简述中国选煤工业的发展,重点介绍具有自主知识产权和中国特色的3GDMC系列无压给料三产品重介质旋流器为核心设备组成的高效简化重介质选煤技术。     

热聚合温度对煤液化沥青制备中间相沥青的影响

为制备优质的中间相沥青,以煤液化沥青为原料,在不同热聚合温度下制备中间相沥青,采用偏光显微镜、红外光谱仪、XRD、热分析等测试仪器对所得中间相沥青进行分析和表征。结果表明,温度对中间相沥青的收率、形貌和结构影响显著。随着温度升高,中间相沥青的收率降至86.2%,H含量降至3.96%,S含量有所下降,残炭率增大;中间相小球体的尺寸增大,逐渐出现融并现象,最终形成广域型中间相;煤液化沥青中的稠环芳烃、芳香烃的含量明显增加,烷烃成分则明显减少;煤液化沥青中的无定型区含量减少,分子的排列与取向性变好。选择低的热缩聚温度(410~420℃),适当延长反应时间有利于反应方向的控制,从而达到制备优质中间相的目的。     

Olive oil mill waste water as a replacement for fresh water in the manufacture of fired clay bricks

This paper describes the introduction of olive mill wastewater (OMW) to replace fresh water normally used in clay brick manufacture. OMW is recognised as the major agro‐food industry pollutant in the Mediterranean/North African olive‐growing region. The research involved adding OMW to laboratory‐produced clay bricks following the same making procedure used at a collaborating Tunisian brick factory. The samples containing OMW were found to be comparable in forming/extrusion performance to a control product that used fresh water. If introduced at the factory scale, this innovation would allow a substantial volume of OMW to be recycled, saving on the fresh water currently used in the brick‐forming process. During the subsequent brick drying operation, most of the OMW (～98% water) would be released as vapour. Once in the kiln, the remaining solids in the bricks (calorific value 21–23 MJ kg^?1) would liberate additional heat, reducing the gross energy from fossil fuel currently required during firing. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

石煤类废渣对水泥的缓凝作用分析及改性研究

石煤类废渣(如钒渣)对水泥有较强的缓凝作用,影响其作水泥混合材的利用率和水泥性能稳定性.为此,依据石煤类废渣特性,在水泥中采用V2O5直接外掺及其预处理外掺试验,找出该类废渣对水泥的缓凝作用主要是因其在碱性条件下含有较高的可溶性钒所致,而利用钙基碱性物质预沉淀法可有效降低其对水泥凝结时间的影响.     

Recycling of silicon kerf waste for preparation of porous SiCw/SiC membrane supports by in situ synthesis

Recycling has enormous economic benefits and practical significance under the context of gradually increasing solid wastes. In order to recycle and reuse the silicon kerf waste, in this work, porous SiC_w/SiC ceramics were successfully prepared by in situ synthesis from silicon kerf waste and fired at 1400-1500°C for 4 hours. The results showed that these porous ceramics, reinforced by the interlocking whisker, revealed high apparent porosity (48.02%-51.76%) and cold compressive strength (5.68-9.54 MPa). Furthermore, the practicable pore size (2.09-2.53 μm) and decent durability showed the potential of these porous ceramics as membrane supports. This work verified the possibility of the SiC-based ceramics prepared from the silicon kerf waste.     

煤制乙炔裂解气的降温工艺

介绍了煤制乙炔工艺中裂解气降温工艺流程并对关键设备的选型进行了详细计算。     

从粉煤灰中制备聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂及应用研究

以粉煤灰、废钢渣为原料制备了高效絮凝剂———聚硅酸铝铁,确定了制备PAC的最佳反应条件,并对其进行了处理废水实验。结果表明,由粉煤灰为原料制得的产品聚硅酸铝铁(PAFSi)比聚合硫酸铁(PFS)处理废水效果更佳。     

开滦动力煤选煤厂洗选炼焦精煤方案探讨

介绍了开滦动力煤选煤厂的主要工艺流程,通过对原煤资料的分析提出洗选炼焦精煤的方案,对主要选煤环节进行了能力校核,并对经济效果进行了评价,论述了在当前煤炭市场下利用现有流程洗选十二级炼焦精煤的可行性。     

Thermochemical principles of the production of lightweight aggregates from waste coal bottom ash

Manufacturing lightweight aggregate (LWA) (ie, porous ceramics) by means of a sintering technique requires a delicate balance among three conditions: (a) forming a sufficient amount of molten liquid phase during sintering, (b) reaching an appropriate viscosity for solid-liquid suspension, and (c) emitting a sufficient amount of gas that can be entrapped by the liquid phase to form pores. This study evaluates these three conditions in the production of LWAs made from two types of waste coal bottom ash (low-calcium and high-calcium), and relates them to the formation of LWA pore structure. A thermochemical analytical approach, including thermodynamic modeling and the Browning viscosity model, was used to quantify the extent of the liquid phase and calculate its viscosity. In conjunction with thermochemical analysis, an experimental approach including quantitative x-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis, and x-ray computed tomography was also used to identify the candidate chemical compounds that contribute to gas emission during sintering and to evaluate the LWA pore structure. The results indicated that a mass fraction of at least 50% for the liquid phase is required for a successful entrapment of emitted gaseous phases during sintering. Larger pores were observed in the microstructure of LWA samples made using high-calcium bottom ash in comparison to those made with low-calcium bottom ash. This observation was mainly attributed to the high-calcium samples forming liquid phases with lower viscosities and emitting higher amounts of gaseous phase during sintering than did the low-calcium samples. It was found that the gaseous phase was generated by hematite reduction and anhydrite decomposition, which led to the release of O₂ and SO₂.     

现代煤化工含盐废水处理技术进展及对策建议

针对煤化工废水治理的难题,通过分析现代煤化工废水中盐分来源和含盐废水水质,介绍了不同浓度含盐废水处理技术和蒸发结晶技术,对目前结晶杂盐资源化利用的技术路线进行总结。从4个角度提出了对高盐废水处置的管理建议。建议从源头进行污染物削减;建议对煤化工废水进行"大水管理",提高企业运行人员管理水平;鼓励加快高盐废水处理技术研发和推广;建议国家层面尽快完善含盐废水相关标准体系,加快煤化工分质结晶盐作为产品使用的标准研究及环境风险研究。