彩色图像去马赛克的非局部稀疏表示方法

目前,大部分彩色去马赛克（Color DeMosaicking,CDM）算法仅利用了局部的空间和光谱相关性,容易导致CDM复原图像边缘模糊以及细小结构丢失.当图像中出现周期性细小结构时,这些局部方法容易产生诸如锯齿、栅格等失真现象.针对这些问题,我们将字典学习和稀疏编码统一到一个变分框架中,提出了非局部自适应稀疏表示模型.通过非局部相似块聚类自适应地在线学习字典.利用局部和非局部的冗余信息对稀疏编码进行约束,强制稀疏编码靠近其非局部均值以减少编码误差.为了有效抑制服从重尾分布的CDM误差,设计了基于l₁范数的数据项.最后,联合交替最小化方法和算子分裂技巧对模型进行有效求解.实验结果验证了本文模型与数值算法的有效性.     

A low-complexity joint color demosaicking and zooming algorithm for digital camera.

This paper presents a low complexity joint color demosaicking and digital zooming algorithm for single-sensor digital cameras. The proposed algorithm directly extracts edge information from raw sensor data for interpolation in both demosaicking and zooming to preserve edge features in its output. This allows the extracted information to be exploited consistently in both stages and also efficiently, as no separate extraction process is required in different stages. The proposed algorithm can produce a zoomed full-color image as well as a zoomed Bayer color filter array image with outstanding performance as compared with conventional approaches which generally combine separate color demosaicking and digital zooming schemes.     

同伦方法在图像稀疏去噪中的应用

本文在深入研究稀疏表示和字典学习理论的基础上,建立了图像去噪模型并提出一种新的图像去噪算法。该算法采用同伦方法学习字典,充分利用了同伦方法收敛速度快以及对信号的恢复准确度高的特点。之后利用 OMP 算法求出带噪图像在该字典下的稀疏表示系数,并结合稀疏去噪模型实现对图像的去噪。实验结果显示本文算法在不同的噪声环境下具有较好的去噪效果,同时在与 K-SVD 算法关于收敛速度比较的实验中,实验结果充分显示了使用同伦算法学习字典在收敛速度上的优势。      

Color filter array demosaicking: new method and performance measures

Single-sensor digital cameras capture imagery by covering the sensor surface with a color filter array (CFA) such that each sensor pixel only samples one of three primary color values. To render a full-color image, an interpolation process, commonly referred to as CFA demosaicking, is required to estimate the other two missing color values at each pixel. In this paper, we present two contributions to the CFA demosaicking: a new and improved CFA demosaicking method for producing high quality color images and new image measures for quantifying the performance of demosaicking methods. The proposed demosaicking method consists of two successive steps: an interpolation step that estimates missing color values by exploiting spatial and spectral correlations among neighboring pixels, and a post-processing step that suppresses noticeable demosaicking artifacts by adaptive median filtering. Moreover, in recognition of the limitations of current image measures, we propose two types of image measures to quantify the performance of different demosaicking methods; the first type evaluates the fidelity of demosaicked images by computing the peak signal-to-noise ratio and CIELAB /spl utri/E/sup *//sub ab/ for edge and smooth regions separately, and the second type accounts for one major demosaicking artifact-zipper effect. We gauge the proposed demosaicking method and image measures using several existing methods as benchmarks, and demonstrate their efficacy using a variety of test images.     

基于压缩感知的多光谱图像去马赛克算法

针对目前多光谱图像去马赛克算法存在计算量大、效率低的缺点,本文提出一种基于压缩感知的多光谱图像去马赛克算法。首先,分析去马赛克与压缩感知问题的等价性,建立基于压缩感知的去马赛克模型;然后,采用离散余弦变换构建压缩感知的稀疏基,将去马赛克问题转化为压缩感知的信号重构问题;最后,采用改进的光滑0范数和修正牛顿法的重构算法求解去马赛克问题,得到重构的多光谱图像。仿真实验表明,相对于基于克罗内克压缩感知和组稀疏两种算法,本文算法提高了重构的多光谱图像的峰值信噪比,能有效减少对比算法重构多光谱图像中出现的锯齿现象,改善了重构图像具有更好的视觉效果。实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性。     

An efficient dictionary learning algorithm and its application to 3-D medical image denoising

In this paper, we propose an efficient dictionary learning algorithm for sparse representation of given data and suggest a way to apply this algorithm to 3-D medical image denoising. Our learning approach is composed of two main parts: sparse coding and dictionary updating. On the sparse coding stage, an efficient algorithm named multiple clusters pursuit (MCP) is proposed. The MCP first applies a dictionary structuring strategy to cluster the atoms with high coherence together, and then employs a multiple-selection strategy to select several competitive atoms at each iteration. These two strategies can greatly reduce the computation complexity of the MCP and assist it to obtain better sparse solution. On the dictionary updating stage, the alternating optimization that efficiently approximates the singular value decomposition is introduced. Furthermore, in the 3-D medical image denoising application, a joint 3-D operation is proposed for taking the learning capabilities of the presented algorithm to simultaneously capture the correlations within each slice and correlations across the nearby slices, thereby obtaining better denoising results. The experiments on both synthetically generated data and real 3-D medical images demonstrate that the proposed approach has superior performance compared to some well-known methods.     

基于压缩感知的正六边形CFA模式彩色图像去马赛克方法

针对基于四边形排列的去马赛克(Demosaicking)的 传统方法存在拉链现象和虚假色等问题,本文尝试将更加符合人眼视觉特性的六边形采 样方式应用于彩色图像成像 系统,并从图像稀疏特性角度出发,提出基于压缩感知(Compressive sensing,CS)框架的 彩色图像去马赛克方法。本文方法 充分挖掘了彩色分量间和分量内的稀疏特性,可使复原图像的纹理细节与色彩更加逼真,有 效地避免了拉链现象和虚假色现象。实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

特征聚类的局部敏感稀疏图像修复

针对图像修复过程中单一的字典迭代时间长、适应性差、修复效果不理想的缺点,提出了一种结合图像特征聚类与字典学习的改进的图像修复方式。首先破损的图像被分割成小块,并产生索引矩阵。然后使用控制核回归权值算法,对其进行图像聚类。通过对图像内在结构与未破损区域信息的挖掘,分割的图像块根据SKRW的相似性进行了分类。之后针对不同类型结构的图像,通过自适应局部明感字典学习的方式,获取每类字典的过完备字典。然后,通过构建自适应局部配适器,提高字典更新的收敛速度与稀疏字典的适应性。因为是通过多个字典匹配不同结构的图像,因此图像的稀疏表示更为准确。各个字典在达到收敛之前不断进行更新,而图像的稀疏因子也会随着改变。在对破损区域进行补丁更换之后,实现了对破损图像的修复。实验结果表明,该算法相较于目前的修复算法,视觉效果和客观评价上更好,且所需的修复时间更短。     

Learning Sparse Overcomplete Codes for Images

Images can be coded accurately using a sparse set of vectors from a learned overcomplete dictionary, with potential applications in image compression and feature selection for pattern recognition. We present a survey of algorithms that perform dictionary learning and sparse coding and make three contributions. First, we compare our overcomplete dictionary learning algorithm (FOCUSS-CNDL) with overcomplete independent component analysis (ICA). Second, noting that once a dictionary has been learned in a given domain the problem becomes one of choosing the vectors to form an accurate, sparse representation, we compare a recently developed algorithm (sparse Bayesian learning with adjustable variance Gaussians, SBL-AVG) to well known methods of subset selection: matching pursuit and FOCUSS. Third, noting that in some cases it may be necessary to find a non-negative sparse coding, we present a modified version of the FOCUSS algorithm that can find such non-negative codings. Efficient parallel implementations in VLSI could make these algorithms more practical for many applications.     

基于自适应多字典学习的单幅图像超分辨率算法

自适应字典学习利用图像结构自相似性,将图像自身作为训练样本,通过字典学习使图像中的相似块在字典下具有稀疏表示形式.本文将全局字典学习中利用图像库获取附加信息的思想融入到自适应字典学习的过程中,提出了一种基于自适应多字典学习的单幅图像超分辨率算法,从低分辨率图像自身与图像库同时获取附加信息.该算法对低分辨率图像金字塔结构中的图像块进行聚类,在聚类结果的引导下将图像库中的图像块进行分类,利用各类中的样本分别构建针对各类的多个字典,从而确定表达重建图像块的最优字典.实验表明,与ScSR、SISR、NLIBP、CSSS以及mSSIM等算法相比,本文算法具有更好的超分重建效果.     

自适应聚类的全耦合稀疏学习算法

在图像处理领域,基于稀疏表示理论的图像超分辨力算法、高低分辨力字典与稀疏编码之间的映射关系是其中的2个关键环节。由于丰富多样的图像类型,单一字典并不能很好地表示图像。而在稀疏编码之间的映射关系上,严格相等的约束关系也限制了图像重建的效果。针对上述两个方面,采用包容性更强的多个字典与约束条件更为宽松的全耦合稀疏关系进行图像的超分辨力重建。在图像非局部自相似性的基础上,进行多次自适应聚类;挑选出最优的聚类,通过全耦合稀疏学习的图像超分辨力算法,得到多个字典;最后,对输入的低分辨力图像进行分类重建,得到高分辨力图片。实验结果表明,在图像Leaves,Barbara,Room上,本文的聚类算法比原全耦合稀疏学习算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)上分别提升了0.51 dB,0.21 dB,0.15 dB。     

基于字典优化的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类

针对训练样本量少导致高光谱图像分类精度低的问题,本文提出了一种基于字典优化的联合稀疏表示高光谱图像分类方法.首先,采取基于层次聚类的波段选择方法降低高光谱图像数据维度;其次,结合空间信息将高光谱数据划分为多个子集,利用已知标签信息的训练样本标记各个子集中可能成为训练样本的像元,组成训练样本备选集,根据光谱相似度准则筛选...     

Learning to Sense Sparse Signals: Simultaneous Sensing Matrix and Sparsifying Dictionary Optimization

Sparse signal representation, analysis, and sensing have received a lot of attention in recent years from the signal processing, optimization, and learning communities. On one hand, learning overcomplete dictionaries that facilitate a sparse representation of the data as a liner combination of a few atoms from such dictionary leads to state-of-the-art results in image and video restoration and classification. On the other hand, the framework of compressed sensing (CS) has shown that sparse signals can be recovered from far less samples than those required by the classical Shannon-Nyquist Theorem. The samples used in CS correspond to linear projections obtained by a sensing projection matrix. It has been shown that, for example, a nonadaptive random sampling matrix satisfies the fundamental theoretical requirements of CS, enjoying the additional benefit of universality. On the other hand, a projection sensing matrix that is optimally designed for a certain class of signals can further improve the reconstruction accuracy or further reduce the necessary number of samples. In this paper, we introduce a framework for the joint design and optimization, from a set of training images, of the nonparametric dictionary and the sensing matrix. We show that this joint optimization outperforms both the use of random sensing matrices and those matrices that are optimized independently of the learning of the dictionary. Particular cases of the proposed framework include the optimization of the sensing matrix for a given dictionary as well as the optimization of the dictionary for a predefined sensing environment. The presentation of the framework and its efficient numerical optimization is complemented with numerous examples on classical image datasets.     

基于双字典学习的眼底图像血管分割

为辅助诊断眼底疾病和部分心血管疾病,本文提 出一种基于双字典学习和多尺度线状结构检测的眼底图 像血管分割方法。首先在HSV颜色空间利用伽马矫正均衡眼底图像的亮度,并在Lab颜色空间 采用CLAHE 算法提升图像对比度,再采用多尺度线状结构检测算法突出血管结构得到增强后的特征图像 ;然后利用 K-SVD算法训练特征图像块和对应的手绘血管标签图像块,得到表示字典和分割字典,采用 表示字典得到 新输入特征图像块的重构稀疏系数,由该系数和分割字典获得血管图像块;最后进行图像块 拼接、噪声去 除和空洞填充等后处理得到最终分割结果。在DRIVE和HRF数据库测试,利用准确率、特异度 、敏感度 等八种评估指标来检验分割性能。其中,平均准确率分别达0.958和0.951,平均特异度分别 达到0.982 和0.967,平均敏感度分别达到0.709和0.762,表明该 方法具有较好的分割性能和通用性。     

Dictionary based surveillance image compression

Common image compression techniques suitable for general purpose may be less effective for such specific applications as video surveillance. Since a stationed surveillance camera always targets at a fixed scene, its captured images exhibit high consistency in content or structure. In this paper, we propose a surveillance image compression technique via dictionary learning to fully exploit the constant characteristics of a target scene. This method transforms images over sparsely tailored over-complete dictionaries learned directly from image samples rather than a fixed one, and thus can approximate an image with fewer coefficients. A set of dictionaries trained off-line is applied for sparse representation. An adaptive image blocking method is developed so that the encoder can represent an image in a texture-aware way. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms JPEG and JPEG 2000 in terms of both quality of reconstructed images and compression ratio as well.     

Reversing demosaicking and compression in color filter array image processing: performance analysis and modeling.

In the conventional processing chain of single-sensor digital still cameras (DSCs), the images are captured with color filter arrays (CFAs) and the CFA samples are demosaicked into a full color image before compression. To avoid additional data redundancy created by the demosaicking process, an alternative processing chain has been proposed to move the compression process before the demosaicking. Recent empirical studies have shown that the alternative chain can outperform the conventional one in terms of image quality at low compression ratios. To provide a theoretically sound basis for such conclusion, we propose analytical models for the reconstruction errors of the two processing chains. The models developed confirm the results of existing empirical studies and provide better understanding of DSC processing chains. The modeling also allows performance predictions for more advanced compression and demosaicking methods, thus providing important cues for future development in this area.     

基于块稀疏贝叶斯学习的SAR图像目标方位角估计方法

提出了一种基于块稀疏贝叶斯学习的合成孔径雷达（Synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像目标方位角估计方法。SAR图像具有较强的方位角敏感性,因此对于具有某一方位角的SAR图像仅能与其具有相近方位角的样本具有较高的相关性。方法基于稀疏表示的基本思想,首先对所有训练样本按照方位角顺序排列为全局字典。在此条件下,待估计样本在该字典上的线性表示系数具有块稀疏特性,即非零表示系数主要聚集在字典上的某一局部区域。求解得到的块稀疏位置包含的训练样本可以有效地反映待估计样本的方位角信息。采用块稀疏贝叶斯学习（Block sparse Bayesian learning, BSBL）算法求解全局字典上的稀疏表示系数,并根据具有最小重构误差的原则获得最佳的局部分块。在获取最佳分块的基础上,方位角计算方法采用线性加权的方式综合了该分块区间内所有训练样本的方位角信息从而获得更为稳健的估计结果。所提出的方法在充分考察SAR图像方位角敏感性的基础上,综合运用局部区间内样本的有效信息,避免了基于单一样本估计的不确定性。为了验证所提出方法的有效性,基于Moving and stationary target acquisition and recognition （MSTAR）数据集进行了方位角估计实验并与几类经典方法进行对比分析。实验结果验证了所提出方法的性能优势。     

原子-分子字典结合的联合扩展加权稀疏表示人脸识别算法

针对训练样本字典学习仅包含全局信息、缺乏局部信息的不足,引入与类别相关的原子字典, 提出基于原子与分子字典联合扩展的加权稀疏表示人脸识别方法。首先,对各类训练样本进行PCA学习,得到带标记的训练样本基,构造PCA基原子字典,同时将训练样本字典作为分子字典。进而,利用原子字典与分子字典结合得到扩展字典模型。测试时,根据测试样本与扩展字典基之间的距离进行加权得到与当前测试样本关联的重构字典集,最后对测试样本稀疏重构,利用残差进行分类判别。为验证本文方法有效性,分别在AR、Georgia Tech和CMU PIE人脸数据库上进行实验。      

基于代理函数优化的稀疏性字典学习

稀疏性字典学习是指对在某个已知的基字典上具有稀疏表示的字典的学习.论文利用块松弛思想,将稀疏性字典学习问题转化为字典和系数的分别优化问题,利用代理函数优化方法分别对固定字典和固定系数情况下的目标函数进行优化处理,得到固定字典情况下的系数更新算法和固定系数情况下的字典更新算法,进而得到稀疏性字典学习算法.理论分析说明了本...     

Histopathological image classification through discriminative feature learning and mutual information-based multi-channel joint sparse representation

Histopathological image classification is a very challenging task because of the biological heterogeneities and rich geometrical structures. In this paper, we propose a novel histopathological image classification framework, which includes the discriminative feature learning and the mutual information-based multi-channel joint sparse representation. We first propose a stack-based discriminative prediction sparse decomposition (SDPSD) model by incorporating the class labels information to predict deep discriminant features automatically. Subsequently, a mutual information-based multi-channel joint sparse model (MIMCJSM) is presented to jointly encode the common component and particular components of the discriminative features. Especially, the main advantage of the MIMCJSM is the construction of a joint dictionary using a mutual information criterion, which contains a common sub-dictionary and three particular sub-dictionaries. Based on the joint dictionary, the MIMCJSM captures the relationship of multi-channel features, which can improve discriminative ability of joint sparse representation coefficients. Finally, the joint sparse representation coefficients of different levels can be aggregated using the spatial pyramid matching (SPM) model, and the linear support vector machine (SVM) is used as the classifier. Experimental results on ADL and BreaKHis datasets demonstrate that our proposed framework consistently performs better than popular existing classification frameworks. Additionally, it can show promising strong-robustness performance for histopathological image classification.