中温煤焦油与新疆黑山煤共处理的研究

在0.5L搅拌式高压釜上开展了中温煤焦油与新疆黑山煤共处理的实验研究,考察了中温煤焦油添加量对新疆黑山煤制浆性能和液化结果的影响,探索中温煤焦油加工利用新途径.结果表明,添加中温煤焦油增加了油煤浆输送时的黏度,在油煤浆浓度为42%时,中温煤焦油添加量不高于18%.与新疆黑山煤单独液化相比,中温煤焦油与新疆黑山煤共处理具有氢耗、气产率、转化率和油产率高的特点;添加适量的中温煤焦油对新疆黑山煤液化具有正协同效应,添加量大于20%时反而对煤转化不利;最佳添加量为5%,与煤单独处理的结果相比,转化率高1.6%,油产率高1.1%;添加量大于20%时,油收率下降.因此,添加适量的中温煤焦油与新疆黑山煤共处理,既可提高煤的转化率和油收率,又可加工利用中温煤焦油,提高煤直接液化的经济效益.     

中国直接液化油煤浆及液化残渣流变特性研究进展

在煤直接液化工艺中,油煤浆和液化残渣的流变特性参数是工艺设计的重要基础数据之一。本文总结了我国液化油煤浆在常压常温、常压升温和加压升温条件下流变特性的研究进展和相应的流变模型,介绍了溶剂的性质、煤在溶剂中的溶胀、煤的热溶产物或初始液化反应产物等对煤浆体系黏度变化的影响,对开展我国液化油煤浆和液化残渣的流变特性研究,具有一定的指导意义。     

油煤浆黏温特性研究进展

煤直接液化技术是缓解石油供需矛盾、实现煤炭清洁高效利用的重要技术途径之一,油煤浆的黏温特性对其配制、输送、加压、预热及反应性能具有重要影响。本文从油煤浆黏温特性的变化规律、研究方法、变化机理、影响因素等方面的研究进展进行了综述。在升温过程中,油煤浆流变特性表现为非牛顿流体,具有剪切稀化特性;高温高压下黏度测定方法主要有4种;分析黏温特性变化机理：煤浆制备和升温阶段黏度变化主要由溶胀作用导致,高温阶段主要由煤裂解产生沥青质（尤其是前沥青烯）导致;从溶剂、煤的性质（煤阶、显微组分及粒径分布）、剪切速率、油煤浆浓度、催化剂和氢分压等方面分析了油煤浆黏温特性的影响因素。最后指出了未来油煤浆黏温特性的研究方向,为我国煤直接液化技术的进一步发展提供参考。     

油-煤浆配管设计初步研究

油-煤浆的管道输送是煤-油共炼装置或煤直接液化装置管道设计的难题。文章通过对磨蚀、压降、堵塞的理论研究,探讨其形成的机理、影响因素,同时通过分析三个类似项目设计实例,研究油一煤浆输送中管道的磨蚀问题、堵塞问题和压降问题,并总结出合理的解决方案。     

优化后的油煤浆常温常压流变特性的研究

油煤浆的黏度变化是煤直接液化工艺设计的重要参数之一.实验配制油煤浆的溶剂为催化裂化(FCC)油浆(或回炼油)与循环溶剂的掺混体,与传统的循环溶剂差异较大.研究了常温常压条件下各因素对这类油煤浆黏度的影响规律,得到油煤浆浓度为45%和50%条件下FCC油浆(或回炼油)掺混体系满足液化输送的配制条件.分析了FCC油浆(或回炼油)的掺混比、油煤浆浓度、温度对油煤浆黏度的影响规律,结果表明,煤浆的黏度随溶剂黏度的增大而增大,随油煤浆浓度增大而升高.温度对浆体的黏度影响较大,黏度随温度升高而降低,通过对实验数据的数学回归,建立了一定温度范围内黏度随温度变化的定量关系式.     

采用NEDOL法计算煤液化油窄馏分样品的准确性

在对比大量样品和实验数据的基础上对煤直接液化油窄馏分样品的计算方法进行了研究和讨论,通过与冰点降低法分析结果相比,考察了NEDOL法计算煤直接液化油窄馏分样品分子量的准确性.结果表明,用NEDOL法计算四种煤直接液化油窄馏分样品的分子量时,47个样品的计算结果与冰点降低法测定结果十分接近,对神华油样品来说,两种方法的平均误差为-1.7;对胜利油样品来说,两种方法的平均误差为-1.3;对内蒙油样品来说,两种方法的平均误差为-3;对黑山油样品来说,两种方法的平均误差为-2.7.NEDOL法可直接用于计算液化油平均分子量.     

低压下新疆黑山煤直接液化工艺性能研究

以新疆黑山煤样为对象,采用正交实验设计法,在低压下考察了初压、反应时间、反应气氛和溶煤比四个因素及它们之间的交互作用对其液化性能影响,结果表明:在给定的其他条件下,黑山煤在初压6 MPa,反应60 min,纯氢和溶煤比2:1时,油产率达到52.06%,转化率为76.51%,就油产率而言,溶煤比和反应气氛高度显著影响,反应初压一般影响,反应时间无影响,四个因素间的三种交互作用可忽略,降低初压到6 MPa,黑山煤仍具有理想的直接液化工艺性能.     

煤直接液化技术发展的化学脉络及化学工程挑战

从对煤直接液化的化学本质的分析入手,讨论了煤直接液化技术发展的化学脉络及所面临的化学工程挑战。作者认为,煤直接液化技术的化学本质是煤大分子结构在热场中裂解产生自由基碎片的速率和自由基碎片加氢的速率的匹配,这两个速率的差异决定了煤浆预热、煤液化反应,甚至高温条件下产物分离等过程的特征,决定了油收率、系统中物料结焦、物料输送等行为。     

提高新疆准东露天煤成浆性的实验研究

为提高准东露天煤的成浆性能,利用宽沟煤、乌东煤、北山煤、黑山煤、红沙泉煤5种煤与准东露天煤进行了混合制浆实验,考察了各单种煤的成浆性能以及单种煤最高成浆浓度条件下混合制浆的煤浆性能。单一准东露天煤浆的成浆性研究表明:准东露天煤单独制浆时,在添加剂添加率3‰下,煤浆最高质量分数为47%,黏度650 mPa·s,但煤浆流动性和稳定性一般。与不同种煤混合制浆研究表明:准东露天煤与宽沟煤、黑山煤容易混合成浆,煤浆的浓度、流动性、稳定性均有明显提高;在准东露天煤与宽沟煤、黑山煤质量比5∶5时,煤浆质量分数可达57%,可满足水煤浆气化炉生产对煤浆的要求。     

煤直接液化中煤浆黏度变化研究进展

在煤直接液化中,煤浆黏度变化是一个十分重要的工艺性问题,至今尚未得到充分研究．在升温过程中,由于煤与循环油之间的相互作用,煤浆黏度会发生明显变化,甚至出现一至两次突变．对煤浆在高温高压下黏度变化研究方法,各种因素如温度、煤阶、催化剂、剪切速率和油煤比等的影响及有关机理以及预测黏度变化的模型等作了概述和讨论,对进一步开展这一方面的研究和煤直接液化技术的工业开发有一定参考价值．     

新疆新型煤化工发展评述与展望

新疆煤炭资源储量大、开发程度低、煤种全,煤质好,属于优质动力煤、煤化工煤制油用煤。根据新疆地区的"十二五"规划,新疆将依托优质的煤炭资源,以伊犁、准东煤炭基地为重点,大力发展新型煤化工,并建成一定规模的新型煤化工产业集群。文章将重点评述新疆煤制油、煤制天然气的发展情况,并对新疆煤制油、煤制天然气建设提出一些建议和展望。     

不同煤种配煤直接液化试验研究

介绍了不同煤种配煤直接液化试验研究成果;通过试验研究,总结出配煤液化反应过程中,两种煤中间物沥青质产生与转化为油的速率不同,催化剂效用得到了提高,从而提高了液化油产率;试验证明,大有高硫褐煤与天祝气煤配合,其直接液化油产率比两种单煤的液化油产率提高了2%以上,可达到69.66%,有较好的应用前景。     

煤炭直接液化油收率极限理论及其应用

首次建立了煤炭直接液化油收率极限理论,在指定的液化试验装置上,当催化剂、助催化剂和试验条件一定时,可以确定煤种的低限油收率和高限油收率,从而阐明了煤种进行直接液化主反应的限度,掌握煤种的低限油收率和高限油收率可以识别煤炭直接液化催化剂性能,最大限度地降低前沥青烯和沥青烯等液化反应中间产物的产率,就可以获得接近高限油收率的液化油收率。     

新疆黑山煤液化重质油340-360℃馏分离及分析

用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GUMS)分析馏程为340-360℃的新疆黑山煤液化重质油,检测出的主要成分为稠环芳烃及其衍生物,此外还有正构烷烃和少量含氧化合物.在超声辅助条件下,对液化重质油进行甲醇萃取,所得第一次甲醇萃取物用硅胶柱层析法分离.各洗脱馏分用GC/MS分析,其可测成分与直接检测相比更丰富,表明合适的预分离对提...     

Effects of coal cleaning on the short contact time liquefaction of Illinois No. 6 coal

This study was carried out to determine the effect of coal cleaning by oil agglomeration and sink-float methods on yields from short contact time liquefaction of Illinois No. 6 coal. The runs were made in a continuous unit using SRC-II distillates as process solvent. Measured yields included hydrogen (consumption), hydrocarbon gas, distillate oil, SRC (the pyridine-soluble portion of the residue) and insoluble organic matter, the pyridine-insoluble organic residue. The solubility of product SRC in hexane, toluene and pyridine was also determined. The principal finding was that coal cleaning by density methods reduced the yield of IOM obtained in subsequent liquefaction and this is attributed to the removal of inert components from the feed coal. In addition, cleaning which significantly reduced pyrite content of the feed coal also reduced the yield of distillate oil and tended to give a less soluble SRC during liquefaction. Deep cleaning by gravity methods gave the lowest IOM, but reduced pyrite content to the point where distillate oil was consumed rather than produced. Oil agglomeration reduced total ash to 50% of that in the run-of-mine coal, but left the pyrite level in the coal high. The relevance of these results to two-stage liquefaction is discussed.     

Effect of Wyodak coal properties on hydroliquefaction reactivity

The effect of Wyodak coal properties on liquefaction reactivity as measured by distillate yield and cyclohexane conversion has been investigated. Spot samples of four Wyodak subbituminous coals from the Anderson and Canyon coal seams in the Powder River Basin of NE Wyoming were liquefied in microautoclave and batch reactor experiments. Runs were made using two different Wyodak coal-derived solvents. Emphasis in this work was directed toward correlation of C₄-700 K distillate yield and cyclohexane conversion as functions of measurable physical, chemical and petrographic properties of the feed coal. Reactivity rankings were found to be the same using either measure of coal reactivity. However, the data indicated that distillate yields were a function of both solvent quality and feed coal properties. For each solvent studied, selected coal properties, including carbon content, total and organic sulphur content, vitrinite content and total reactive maceral (vitrinite plus exinite) content, were found to give statistically significant correlations with distillate production and cyclohexane conversion. Pyritic and sulphate sulphur contents did not appear to enhance liquefaction yield or conversion at the reaction conditions studied. However, any catalytic effects due to pyrite or sulphate sulphur may have been masked by the use of two high quality liquefaction solvents.     

高惰质组分五彩湾煤直接液化性能研究

以新疆五彩湾煤为研究对象,进行了煤质和热解分析,考察了溶煤比、反应时间、氢初压和反应温度对其加氢液化效果的影响.结果表明,尽管五彩湾煤惰质组含量高达81.5%,镜质组最大反射率达到0.73%,挥发分低于37%,H/C仅为0.59,但在氢初压仅为6.0MPa,溶煤比1.75和反应时间60min条件下,其最佳液化温度为450℃,油产率和转化率分别达到55.20%和76.76%,仍然具有良好的液化性能.     

甘肃省发展煤液化的前景分析

煤炭液化工艺技术已发展成熟,投入商业化是今后的发展方向;从社会效益与经济效益分析,煤炭液化前景看好;甘肃省适宜液化的煤炭资源较丰富,大有煤与天祝煤配煤液化油产率极高,进行产业化开发十分必要。     

神府煤高温快速液化可行性的初步研究

用共振搅拌反应器研究了神府煤的高温快速液化的可行性 ,体系中如有足够的活性氢 ,短时间内可得到很高的转化率 ,高温快速液化是可行的 .与普通液化相比较 ,高温快速液化在490℃的 6min达到最佳转化率 ,大于普通液化 430℃ ,60 min的转化率 ,并且液化产物绝大多数是轻质物 ,可见高温快速液化降低了能耗 ,提高了过程效率 .     

Hydroliquefaction of subbituminous coal Effectiveness of pretreatment by organic reduction with Na or k

Hydroliquefaction of subbituminous Taiheiyo coal, without any pretreatment and after organic reduction, was carried out in the presence of tetralin using fine iron powder as catalyst. Two pretreatment procedures were used (A) reduction of coal with Na in liquid ammonia solution and (B) treatment with K in refluxing THF. Samples of treated coal with well-dispersed iron powder were prepared by co-reduction of coal coated with FeBr₂ using both procedures. Non-catalytic liquefaction of coal treated by A showed double the yield of hexane-solubles compared with that from liquefaction of the original coal while non-catalytic liquefaction of the coal treated by B roughly tripled the hexane-solubles yield and consumed the same amount of hydrogen. The presence of iron powder increased hexane-solubles by 5 wt% while increasing benzene-solubles by 13 wt% compared with non-catalytic liquefaction of treated coal by procedure B. The coals prepared by co-reduction (A and B) showed highest conversion (73 and 77%) along with highest yield of HS (38 and 43%). This significant effect on hydroliquefaction could be correlated with a slight increase of hydrogen atoms added to coal organic materials and the loosening of clusters of aromatic sheets.