Preparation of carbon nanotubes by ethanol catalytic combustion technique using nickel salt as catalyst precursor

A simple growth technique of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） by combustion of ethanol was developed. In the experiment, copper plate was employed as substrate, nickel nitrate （Ni（NO3）2） and nickel chloride （NiCl2） as catalyst precursor, and ethanol as carbon source. The cleaned copper substrate was dipped into catalyst precursor solution for mounting catalyst precursor particles. The dip-coated substrate was then placed into ethanol flame for about 10 min after drying. The black wool-like production grown on copper plate was obtained. This route is called an ethanol catalytic combustion（ECC） process. The black powders were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDS） and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the techique is much simpler and more economical to meet the future broader applications.     

核壳结构镍碳纳米胶囊和碳纤维的制备

以脱油沥青（Deoiled Asphalt）为碳源、二茂铁为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）制备碳纤维（CFs）,其裂解后的残渣经真空热处理制得含镍碳纳米胶囊（CNCs）。用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和拉曼光谱（Raman）对产物进行表征。结果表明：碳纤维纯度较高,属中空结构,直径主要分布在200～500 nm范围内;含镍碳纳米胶囊为准球形核壳结构,核为金属镍,壳为石墨化碳,大小在5～30 nm范围,晶化程度较高,结构较完善。     

Sb2Se3纳米线的水热合成和表征

分别以SbCl3和不同的硒源(SeO2、Se粉)为原料,采用水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为还原剂,用水热法在150 ℃下反应24 h后合成Sb2Se3纳米粉末。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、场发射电子扫描电镜(FESEM)以及高分辨透射电镜等分析方法对产物的物相成分和形貌等进行表征。结果表明, 产物的结构为正交晶系的Sb2Se3纳米晶体,其微观形貌为一维纳米线结构。采用不同硒源合成产物的微观形貌基本相似,其中以SeO2作为硒源水热合成的Sb2Se3纳米线比以Se粉作为硒源合成的纳米线要更加窄而薄,而且纳米线尺寸比较均匀一致。纳米线晶体沿[001]方向生长,这与Sb2Se3独特的晶体结构有着密切的联系     

Sb2O3在硫酸锌溶液净化除钴过程中的机理

Ｃｏ－Ｓｂ－Ｈ２Ｏ系电位－ｐＨ图表明，在锌粉置换除钴过程中，锑与钴形成金属间化合物，从而提高了锌粉置换除钴的热力学推动力。扫描电镜观察及Ｘ射线衍射结果表明，锑与镍和钴的存在形式相同，进一步说明钴与锑形成金属间化合物，而锌则以碱式硫酸锌、氧化锌和金属锌的形式存在。     

The Influence of Oxide Layers on the Initiation of Carbon Deposition on Stainless Steel

This paper examines the role played by oxide layers in the deposition of carbon on two 20Cr–25Ni–Nb-stabilized austenitic steels containing either zero or 0.56 wt% Si. Selective preoxidation, at 550°C in Ar/H₂/H₂O, was used to produce regions covered by either chromia or silica or, in the silicon-free alloy, to be bare metal. Deposition was performed, also at 550°C, in a CO₂/1% CO/1000 vppm C₂H₄ gas mixture having an estimated carbon activity very much greater than unity. This gas also had an oxygen potential sufficient to form magnetite, but not nickel oxide. It was found that, even at these high carbon activities, none of the oxides formed could catalyze carbon deposition and that this occurred only when the gas had direct access to the alloy substrate. The carbon filaments formed were found, by high-resolution electron microscopy, to be solid, have a turbostratic structure, and to contain at least one nickel particle at their tips. The source of these nickel particles is the alloy substrate and a mechanism is proposed for their formation.     

Morphology of corrosion products formed on cobalt and nickel in argon-oxygen-chlorine mixtures at 1000 K

The morphology of corrosion products formed on cobalt and nickel in argonoxygen-chlorine mixtures at 1000 K have been examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The corrosion products formed under conditions where the oxides are thermodynamically stable consist of porous oxides containing little or no chlorine. This morphology is consistent with a corrosion mechanism involving vapor phase transport of volatile metal chlorides.     

In-Flight Plasma Reduction of Metal Oxides

Several pure metal oxide particles, including iron oxide, manganese oxide, copper oxide and nickel oxide, were passed through a reducing plasma. The plasma was formed by injecting reducing gases, such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen, into a carbon arc. After passing through the plasma, the particles were quenched in water. The internal structure and surface morphology of the plasma-treated particles were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The factors controlling plasma arc stability during particulate processing were also examined.     

Zn-catalytic growth and photoluminescence properties of branched MgO nanostructures

Mass production of uniform MgO nanostructures has been achieved by a thermal evaporation method. X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses show the product is composed of pure single-crystalline MgO. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission elecwon microscopy （TEM） characterizations show that the MgO branched nanostructures consist of many sfim nanowires growing from the thick MgO rods. The as-synthesized nanowires have a length of several tens of microns and a diameter of several tens of nanometers. The preferred growth direction of the nanowires is [001]. Many nanowires are found to have a dendritic structure and temperature grade is thought to be the main cause of the growth of this structure. Zn nanoparticles scattered on the surface of the MgO rods are thought to be the catalyst of the VLS （vapor-liquid-solid） growth of the MgO nanowires. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements show that the synthesized MgO nanostructures have a strong emission band at 401 nm and a weak emission band at 502 nm.     

Nano-space structure of carbon from polyimide containing nickel nitrate and their function on catalytic reaction

Molecular sieving carbon (MSC) catalysts were prepared from polyimide containing nickel nitrate, and the catalytic function of the nano-space structure was investigated. After heat-treatment at 650°C, the polyimide film containing nickel nitrate gave an MSC in which Ni particles with the size of 5–10 nm were homogeneously dispersed. The molecular sieve property of the MSC catalyst was comparable to that of zeolite 5A. High selectivity of the MSC catalyst was shown by the competitive hydrogenation reaction of butene isomers. The selectivity is considered to be due to a contribution of the shape selectivity of nano-space having the molecular sieve property, though the perfect shape selectivity was not attained by the catalyst prepared because of the coexistence of reaction sites without selectivity such as a surface of metal particle exposed out of MSC matrix.     

Microstructure of a Mo-Si-C-N multi-layered anti-oxidation coating on carbon/carbon composites by fused slurry

A Mo-Si-C-N multi-layered anti-oxidation coating was in-situ fabricated by introducing nitrogen atmosphere during the fused sintering of Mo-Si slurry pre-layer on carbon/carbon composites. The phase composition and microstructure of the Mo-Si-C-N coating were character-ized by X-ray diffractometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Mo-Si-C-N coating exhibited a three-layered structure. Besides the MoSi2/Si main-layer and the SiC bonding-layer, a surface layer of about 10 μm in thickness was synthesized on the coating surface. The surface layer mainly consisted of SiC nanowires and contained some Si3N4 and Si phases. SiC nanowires of 10 to 200 nm in diameter presented a terrace and distortion structure. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the SiC nanowires grew along the preferred <111> direction. Dur-ing oxidation test, SiC nanowires transmuted into Sit2 glass, which can play an important role in improving the oxidation resistance of C/C composites.     

Synthesis and characterization ofsingle-crystalline alumina nanowires

Alumina nanowires were synthesized on large-area silicon substrate via simple thermal evaporation method of heating a mixture of aluminum and alumina powders without using any catalyst or template. The phase structure and the surface morphology of the as-grown sample were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The chemical composition and the microstructure of the as-grown alumina nanowires were characterized using transmission electron microscope(TEM). The nanowires are usually straight and the single crystalline has average diameter of 40 nm and length of 3 - 5μm. The growth direction is along the [002] direction. Well aligned alumina nanowire arrays were observed on the surface of many large particles. The catalyst-free growth of the alumina nanowires was explained under the framework of a vapor-solid(VS) growth mechanism. This as-synthesized alumina nanowires could find potential applications in the fabrication of nanodevices.     

CVD growth of InGaN nanowires

In this paper, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of InGaN nanowires was systematically studied. The catalyst was Au and the starting materials were Ga, In and NH₃. The samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The influence of the growth temperatures, Au thicknesses, gas flowrates and Ga and In amount on the morphology and properties of InGaN nanowires was investigated. It is found that 600 °C is a suitable growth temperature. On the substrate with Au thickness of 150 Å, helical InGaN nanowires are obtained. The change of NH₃ partial pressure and Au thickness will result in the morphology change of the samples. An increase of Ga results in shorter InGaN nanowires while an increase of In amount will lead to longer InGaN nanowires. The morphology will also change when both the amount of In and Ga were increased or reduced without changing the ratio of Ga to In.     

热处理对Pt纳米线电催化性能的影响

采用阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法电化学沉积制备了Pt纳米线催化剂,并进行了热处理。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试对热处理前后Pt纳米线催化剂的晶体结构、形貌和电催化性能进行了表征,并与商业碳载铂(Pt/C)做对比。SEM照片表明制备了表面粗糙的Pt纳米线。循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流曲线表明,Pt纳米线较Pt/C催化活性高,退火后Pt纳米线更利于甲醇氧化,且稳定性更好。旋转圆盘电极(RDE)测试研究发现,未经热处理的Pt纳米线催化剂氧还原反应(ORR)极化曲线的半波电势相对Pt/C有正移,有更大的极限扩散电流,利于氧还原反应的发生。     

ZnO-TiO_2核壳纳米线结构及其热稳定性研究

采用热还原法和原子层沉积技术制备了ZnO-TiO_2核壳纳米线,研究沉积厚度、沉积温度及退火对于ZnO-TiO_2核壳纳米线晶化和结构的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)等手段对退火前后核壳纳米线进行表征。结果表明:沉积厚度和温度的增加有利于TiO_2壳层发生非晶向晶化的转变;500℃退火提高了TiO_2的结晶性,但可能会使细核壳纳米线(ZnO纳米线直径80 nm)产生波浪形变形,使150℃沉积的非晶TiO_2壳层形成凸出晶粒,并导致其界面处ZnO缺失。     

Growth and Morphology Modulation of Needle-like Silicon Nanowires for SERS Application

半导体纳米线作为一种潜在的表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）基底材料正受到广泛的关注。本文采用金作为催化剂,通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积系统,以气-液-固生长机制制备一种直径可控的针尖状硅纳米线。基于合金液滴控制硅纳米线形貌的事实,通过设计调节合金催化剂的尺寸,制备了针尖状硅纳米线。所制备硅纳米线形貌通过SEM清晰可见,为针尖状。TEM和XRD分析表明,硅纳米线为同轴结构,单晶硅核包覆非晶SiO2壳层。作为SERS活性基底,通过伽伐尼置换在纳米线表面沉积活性Ag颗粒,同等条件下对R6G的检测显示,针尖状硅纳米线基底其增强因子是柱状硅纳米线的十多倍。由此预测,这种针尖状的硅纳米线可应用于新型传感器、环境监测、生物医疗诊断等领域。此外,这种针尖硅纳米线的制备方法也可以用作制备其他的针尖状纳米线,例如同族的锗针尖纳米线等等。     

Structural and magnetic properties of iron,cobalt and nickel nanoparticles

This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of iron, cobalt and nickel nanoparticles through sol–gel method and heat-treating technique in argon atmosphere. The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. XRD studies indicated that the as-prepared products were iron, cobalt and nickel with well crystallized bcc, fcc and fcc structure, respectively. TEM observations showed that the as-synthesized products composed of spherical shape with size around 2, 2 and 2 nm for iron, cobalt and nickel, respectively. Magnetization results revealed that the as-obtained products showed superparamagnetic character at 300 K. The magnetic anisotropy of the products is much higher than that of bulk owing to the nanostructure.     

Catalytic Growth of Large-Scale GaN Nanowires

A novel lanthanon seed was employed as the catalyst for the growth of GaN nanowires. Large-scale GaN nanowires have been synthesized successfully through ammoniating Ga₂O₃/Tb films sputtered on Si(111) substrates. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. The results demonstrate that the nanowires are single-crystal hexagonal wurtzite GaN. The growth mechanism of GaN nanowires is also discussed.     

基于氧化铝模板直接电沉积法镍纳米线的制备与表征

在未氧化铝和氧化铝之间经过降压剪薄阻挡层直接进行电沉积,采用不同电压进行电沉积制备了镍纳米线,并采用SEM,TEM和X射线衍射对所制备的镍纳米线进行了表征,研究了电沉积电压对纳米线结构的影响。结果表明：镍纳米线的外形决定于氧化铝模板的形貌,其直径和最大长度分别依赖于模板孔洞的直径和长度,当电沉积电压为1,1.5和2V时制备的镍纳米线为多晶结构,随着电沉积电压的升高,镍纳米线为沿[220]择优取向的单晶结构（电沉积电压分别为3V和4V）,当电沉积电压进一步升高时,择优取向由[220]转为[111]方向（电沉积电压5V）。     

HRTEM studies of cobalt-filled carbon nanotubes

Cobalt-filled carbon nanotubes were synthesized at high temperature and high gas pressure. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopy study demonstrates that the product of the synthesis contains cylindrical carbon nanotubes whose cores are filled with cobalt nanoparticles or nanorods. It is shown that cobalt appears inside the nanotubes in three basic modifications: face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice, hexagonal close-packed (hcp) lattice and disordered polytypic structure. The fcc lattice is often twinned, with two or more non-parallel twinning planes being observed. The orientations of the fcc and hcp cobalt particles with respect to the nanotubes were investigated. The authors believe that the variety of cobalt modifications inside the nanotubes is due to the process of segregation of the closely packed structures from the melt.     

尖晶石型CoAl_2O_4纳米粉体的超声波化学法合成及表征(英文)

在超声波辐射下前躯体法合成了尖晶石型CoAl2O4纳米粉体。超声波辐射硝酸钴、硝酸铝和脲的水溶液制得前躯体。前躯体在1000℃下焙烧6h得到粒径约27nm,比表面积约108m2·g-1的纳米CoAl2O4粉体。纳米CoAl2O4及其前躯体用热重(TG)分析、差示量热扫描(DSC),傅里叶转换红外光谱(FT-IR),X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)和比表面测试仪(BET)进行了测试分析。