搅拌摩擦焊研究进展及前景展望

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding，简称FSW)是针对焊接性差的铝合金开发的一种新型固相焊接工艺，由英国焊接研究所TWI(The Welding Institute)于1991年开发的专利技术。文中对搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行简单介绍并对研究现状做了比较详尽的总结，涉及搅拌摩擦焊机理即塑性流体运动情况及“洋葱”圆环的形成机理、适用母材、接头微观组织、力学性能、焊接工具、复合焊接工艺及搅拌摩擦焊应用领域，并展望FWS的发展前景。     

飞机铝合金型材结构FSW焊接

提出了搅拌摩擦焊接（Friction Stir Welding,FSW）技术的3个基本要素,对铝合金型材FSW焊接件在航空结构中的几个典型应用进行了分析.并简要介绍了中国搅拌摩擦焊中心在铝合金型材搅拌摩擦焊接方面的研究成果.中国搅拌摩擦焊中心的研究表明,采用搅拌摩擦焊技术焊接铝合金能够得到比较满意的接头强度.     

铝合金船舶的搅拌摩擦焊接工艺

0 引言 由英国焊接研究所(TWI)发明的搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding简称FSW),是用一种利用耐磨的旋转工具将铝、镁和铜的板材或型材材料连接的工艺.     

LY12搅拌摩擦焊接技术

搅拌摩擦焊接是一种新兴的焊接工艺,本文作者在立式铣床上配置辅助夹具,对LY12铝合金做了大量的搅拌摩擦焊接（Friction Stir Welding)工艺试验,在焊接过程中捕捉到一些与接头形成相关的理化信息,进而探讨了FSW接头的形成机理,初步优化了LY12铝合金FSW工艺参数,分析研究了搅拌头形状、旋转速度、焊接速度对FSW接头质量的影响。试验结果表明,焊接厚度为4mm的LY12铝合金,夹持器与特形指棒直径之比3：1为好,特形指棒直径与焊件厚度之比1：1为好。焊接速度选择37．5mm/min。搅抖头旋转速度选择2000r/min时,接头质量良好。本文试验结果为进一步研究开发搅抖摩擦焊接技术奠定了一定的理论与试验基础。     

AZ31B镁合金水环境搅拌摩擦焊接研究

对比研究了AZ31B镁合金空气环境搅拌摩擦焊接(Friction Stir Welding,FSW)和水环境搅拌摩擦焊接(Submerged Friction Stir Welding,SFSW)接头的微观组织与力学性能。结果表明:SFSW接头焊核区为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。随着焊接速度的增大,焊核区晶粒尺寸增大,显微硬度值降低。FSW接头表层处的显微组织比中心处粗大,且分布不均匀;而SFSW接头表层处的显微组织比中心处明显细小。FSW接头的表层硬度值低于中心处的硬度;而SFSW接头的表层硬度值高于中心处的硬度。当旋转速度为950r·min-1、焊接速度为75mm·min-1时,SFSW接头的抗拉强度值达到最大,为母材强度的72%,拉伸断口表现为解理断裂特征。     

搅拌摩擦焊接技术最新进展

搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding,简称FSW)是由英国焊接研究所TWI于1991年开发的专利技术,并且在随后取得了巨大的进展。综述了近10年来国内外搅拌摩擦焊技术的发展概况和最新进展,阐述了搅拌摩擦焊技术的原理、工艺特点及其广泛的工业应用前景,指出搅拌摩擦焊技术研究的必要性和紧追性。     

LF5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能研究

搅拌摩擦焊（Friction Stir Welding，简称FSW）是20世纪90年代新出现的一种新型的固态塑化连接工艺。对于用熔化焊难于焊接的有色金属，其应用潜力较大。针对我国常用的LF5铝合金，试验研究了该铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺和主要工艺参数对焊缝成形和接头力学性能的影响。试验表明：当ω/υ为一定值，在一定的工艺范围内，焊缝的机械性能随着ω的增加而增加，当工艺参数取得最佳值时，接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的90%以上，延伸率可达到母材的80%以上。     

42 mm厚6082-T6铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

针对板厚为42 mm的6082-T6铝合金型材进行了双面搅拌摩擦焊(Friction Stir Welding, FSW)。焊后对接头进行了渗透(PT)、射线(RT)和超声波(UT)检测,并应用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、电子万能拉伸试验机分别进行了金相分析、显微硬度分析、拉伸和弯曲力学性能测试。结果表明:在转速为600 r/min,焊速为120 mm/min的焊接工艺参数下,获得了表面成形美观、无缺陷的双面FSW接头,接头的抗拉强度达239 MPa,为母材的67.3%,接头拉伸断裂发生于前进侧热力影响区与热影响区的结合处,拉伸断裂方式为韧性断裂,接头弯曲到180°不发生断裂。     

聚合物及其复合材料搅拌摩擦焊/处理的研究现状

搅拌摩擦焊/处理(Friction Stir Welding/Processing,FSW/P)涉及温度、力学、冶金及其相互作用的高度复杂的固相连接和处理过程,已被广泛用于焊接铝合金、钛合金和其他熔焊难以焊接的金属。近年来,国内外学者提出FSW可实现聚合物及其复合材料的连接。综述了聚合物及其复合材料FSW国内外研究现状,主要涉及FSW焊缝成形、组织和性能、材料流动行为以及FSW/P新技术,并在此基础上提出了FSW/P基础研究和工程应用方向。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术与装备工程应用的引领者——记上海航天设备制造总厂

搅拌摩擦焊FSW(Friction Stir Welding)1991年发明于英国焊接研究所TWI(The Welding Institute),是一项创新的铝合金摩擦焊技术。经过10多年的发展,搅拌摩擦焊技术已日趋完善,并成功应用于航空、航天、汽车、造船和高速铁路列车等诸多轻合金(主要是铝、铁、铜、铅及其合金)结构制造领域。作为技术含量很高的新型焊接技术,进入门槛非常高,国内从事该技术研发的企业并不多,能做好的更是凤毛麟角,上海航天设备制造总厂无疑是优秀厂家中的代表。就让我们走进她,亲身体会与了解高端焊接企业成功的点点滴滴。     

几种常见合金的激光扫描焊接特性及研究现状

激光扫描焊接是一种高效的新型激光焊接技术,具有独特的激光束定位方式、扫描范围广、灵活性高、工作距离长等优点,相比于传统激光焊接,其多点焊接的特性能在很大程度上提升焊接效率.概述了激光扫描焊接技术的工作原理和分类,重点阐述铝合金、镁合金、钛合金、铜及铜合金、铝-钢异质合金几种常用合金的激光扫描焊接特性及研究现状.扫描激光...     

先进的搅拌摩擦焊

搅拌摩擦焊是利用一种特殊形式的搅拌头边旋转边前进，通过搅拌头与工件的摩擦产生热量，摩擦热使该部位金属处于热塑性状态，并在搅拌头的压力作用下从其前端向后部塑性流动，从而使待焊件压焊为一个整体。它可以焊接所有牌号的铝合金以及用熔焊方法难以焊接的材料，并突破了普通摩擦焊对轴类零件的限制。由于搅拌摩擦焊是固态焊接，所以没有熔化焊时的气孔、裂纹等缺陷。搅拌摩擦焊的接头性能普遍优于熔化焊的。     

钛合金搅拌摩擦焊接最新研究进展

钛合金具有密度低、比强度高,耐蚀性好,加工性能优异等优点,主要应用于航空航天、交通运输和石油化工等领域。当钛合金作为结构材料应用在不同领域时,传统的熔融焊接方法会产生较大残余应力,组织粗化,变形大,裂纹和孔隙等缺陷;而采用搅拌摩擦焊接技术可以避免传统熔融焊接方法产生的缺陷,从而大幅度提高钛合金焊接接头质量。目前,钛合金的搅拌摩擦焊接技术已成为国内外研究热点。主要介绍搅拌摩擦焊接的原理、工艺特点,国内外关于钛合金FSW焊接接头的宏观形貌、微观组织(晶粒大小、织构)和力学性能等方面的最新研究进展,最后展望了钛合金FSW未来的研究方向。     

Review of recent trends in friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites

Welding is a vital component of several industries such as automotive, aerospace, robotics, and construction. Without welding, these industries utilize aluminum alloys for the manufacturing of many components or systems. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys is challenging due to several factors, including the presence of non-heat-treatable alloys, porosity, solidification, and liquation of cracks. Many manufacturers adopt conventional in-air friction stir welding (FSW) to weld metallic alloys and dissimilar materials. Many researchers reported the drawbacks of this traditional in-air FSW technique in welding metallic and polymeric materials in general and aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in specific. A number of FSW techniques were developed recently, such as underwater friction stir welding (UFSW), vibrational friction-stir welding (VFSW), and others, for welding of aluminum alloy joints to overcome the issues of welding using conventional FSW. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the recent trends in FSW process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs). Also, it discusses the effect of welding parameters of the traditional and state-of-the-art developed FSW techniques on the welding quality and strength of aluminum alloys and Al MMCs. Comparison among the techniques and advantages and limitations of each are considered. The review suggests that VFSW is a viable option for welding aluminum joints due to its energy efficiency, economic cost, and versatile modifications that can be employed based on the application. This review also illustrated that significantly less attention has been paid to FSW of Al-MMCs and considerable attention is demanded to produce qualified joint.     

镁合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺

搅拌摩擦焊是一种新型的塑化连接工艺,对于用熔化焊方法难于焊接的有色金属,有着极大的应用潜力。本文针对我国航空航天工业中常用的MB8镁合金,试验研究了镁合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺,对焊缝的成形特点、接头组织特征及力学性能进行了分析探讨。结果表明,MB8镁合金塑化连接的接头外观成形良好,内部无气孔、裂纹,焊后焊件几乎无变形,接头性能可达到母材抗拉强度的76％。塑化连接接头由焊核和热影响区组成,焊核区是经历了动态再结晶的细小晶粒,热影响区的晶粒较粗大。     

Review on underwater friction stir welding: A variant of friction stir welding with great potential of improving joint properties

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding process which is capable of joining materials which are relatively difficult to be welded by fusion welding process. Further, this process is highly energy-efficient and environmental-friendly as compared to the fusion welding. Despite several advantages of FSW over fusion welding, the thermal cycles involved in FSW cause softening in joints generally in heat-treatable aluminum alloys (AAs) due to the dissolution or coarsening of the strengthening precipitates leading to decrease in mechanical properties. Underwater friction stir welding (UFSW) can be a process of choice to overcome these limitations. This process is suitable for alloys that are sensitive to heating during the welding and is widely used for heat-treatable AAs. The purpose of this article is to provide comprehensive literature review on current status and development of UFSW and its importance in comparison to FSW with an aim to discuss and summarize different aspects of UFSW. Specific attention is given to basic principle including material flow, temperature generation, process parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties. From the review, it is concluded that UFSW is an improved method compared with FSW for improving joint strength. Academicians, researchers and practitioners would be benefitted from this article as it compiles significantly important knowledge pertaining to UFSW.     

Friction stir welding of V-1461 and V-1469 high strength aluminium–lithium alloys

The problems of the technology of friction stir welding (FSW) of new high-strength aluminium–titanium alloys V-1461 and V-1469 are discussed. The technical and economical advantages of the process are shown, the parameters are determined and the optimum FSW conditions resulting in high mechanical properties of the welded joint are proposed.     

Alternative friction stir welding technology for titanium–6Al–4V propellant tanks within the space industry

Friction stir welding (FSW) offers an appealing solid state joining alternative to traditional fusion welding techniques for titanium alloys because it reduces problems associated with high temperature processing. Propellant tanks are a critical component of every spacecraft and contain several weld seams and a prime candidate for this innovative technology. This paper reviews the current technological maturity of FSW relative to titanium alloys and considers the application with respect to a pressure vessel. FSW is currently in a period of significant investment by large engineering companies and international research institutions. The technology is advancing and evolving to cater for high temperature alloys. Stationary shoulder FSW and hybrid techniques show promising potential with respect to Ti–6Al–4V. The tool material and limited process window for this material are restrictive factors at present but can be overcome with future development.     

Microstructure and properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloys

Aluminium alloy 7136 belongs to the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu group of aluminium alloys strengthened by precipitation. These alloys offer very good properties, i.e. high strength combined with good corrosion resistance, which makes them suitable for aerospace applications. The limited range of applications of these alloys is due to problems associated with their welding. The Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys are classified as non-weldable. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and properties of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of alloy 7136-T76. This article presents the results of a detailed study into the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW welds. The paper demonstrates that the FSW method is suitable for joining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The FSW joints are of good quality and high mechanical properties. Tests of joints created at various tool rotation speeds have shown that joints of suitable quality, in terms of microstructure and properties, can be obtained for a relatively wide range of process parameters. The tool rotation speeds applied during the welding process did not have a significant influence on the quality of the welds.