激光冲击强化对GCr15轴承钢微观组织和摩擦学行为的影响

目的 激光冲击强化处理后GCr15轴承钢实现表面纳米化,同时其力学性能和摩擦磨损性能得到显著改善。方法 采用激光冲击强化对GCr15轴承钢进行表面强化。使用三维形貌仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、显微硬度计、X射线残余应力分析仪(LXRD)以及摩擦磨损实验仪,对GCr15轴承钢经激光冲击强化处理后的微观组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果 经过激光冲击强化处理后,GCr15轴承钢的位错密度增加,马氏体分布更加均匀且宽度下降,电子衍射花样呈连续的环状,说明有纳米晶组织生成;有效提高材料表面硬度,与原始试样相比,硬度提升了5.1%,并引入了大小为947 MPa左右、深度约为900 μm的残余压应力层;平均摩擦因数下降,磨痕宽度和深度都减小,磨损率的下降幅度为17%~21%,磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主,并伴随一定的黏着和氧化磨损,耐磨性得到提高。 结论 激光冲击强化使GCr15轴承钢的位错密度增加、马氏体碎化且碳化物数量增加、粒径下降;提高了GCr15轴承钢的硬度并在材料次表层构建了残余压应力层,残余压应力在滑动干摩擦过程中释放,马氏体晶粒细化和残余应力释放可有效提高GCr15轴承钢的耐磨性。     

磨削加工对GCr15SiMn轴承钢表面组织性能的影响

采用扫描电镜,电子背散射衍射、X射线衍射、显微硬度计及三维表面轮廓仪等对磨削加工后的GCr15SiMn轴承钢的显微组织、硬度、残余应力及物相进行了研究。结果表明:磨削后GCr15SiMn轴承钢表面的硬度远高于基体,并且残留奥氏体发生分解,表面呈现压缩残余应力。试样表层组织存在由于塑性变形引起的几何必须位错密度(GND)增加的现象,这是轴承钢表面硬度上升的主要原因。将轴承服役过程以及磨削加工后的组织性能变化进行对比,发现有相似之处。磨削加工引起的表层变化可能是诱发裂纹在表面萌生的原因。     

喷丸对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢 表面性能的影响

针对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢材料，研究喷丸强化对其表面性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、白光干涉仪等设备，分析喷丸强化对试样表面形貌、粗糙度、硬度、残余应力、元素含量等的影响。结果表明:喷丸强化后，试样表面留有大量弹坑，产生明显塑性变形；表面粗糙度增大，算术平均粗糙度为1.33 μm；硬度显著增大，最表层硬度由喷丸前的HV 476增加至HV 497，硬化层深度约150 μm；试样表层的残余压应力值由375 MPa增加至475 MPa，最大残余压应力值约518 MPa，位于距表面50 μm深度处，喷丸形成的残余压应力层深度约为134 μm；喷丸后试样中C、Si、Cr等各元素的质量分数均略有增加。喷丸在一定程度上改善了23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo钢材料的表面性能，有利于提高其疲劳抗力和耐腐蚀性。     

微粒轰击Fe基非晶电弧喷涂层性能强化

为了减小热喷涂层残余应力对涂层质量的不利影响,采用喷丸(砂)微粒轰击与高速电弧喷涂相互循环交替的工艺制备了Fe基非晶涂层,使涂层残余拉应力变为残余压应力,喷丸(砂)强化涂层表面残余应力由未处理涂层表面残余拉应力277 MPa分别变为残余压应力-177 MPa(-91 MPa)。利用电子扫描显微镜、纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等分别对涂层的微观形貌、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能进行了测试。结果表明:经过微粒轰击后的涂层表面致密平整,组织结构密实,喷丸(砂)强化涂层的孔隙率仅为1.0%(1.5%),结合强度可达44.6 MPa(56.4 MPa),经过微粒轰击后涂层硬度、弹性模量及摩擦磨损性能都有所提升。喷丸强化涂层局部过度的轰击会使涂层结合强度及摩擦磨损性能略有下降。     

残留奥氏体含量对GCr15轴承钢摩擦磨损性能的影响

首先对GCr15轴承钢进行了不同温度的淬火和回火处理及淬火+深冷+回火处理，获得了残留奥氏体含量分别为6.2、11.2、17.5和26.4 vol%的GCr15轴承钢试样，随后采用重载往复摩擦磨损实验仪在干摩擦和油润滑条件下对试样进行摩擦磨损实验，研究了残留奥氏体含量对GCr15轴承钢滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响；利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线残余应力分析仪和洛氏硬度计等分析了GCr15轴承钢试样在不同状态下的组织、表面形貌和力学性能。结果表明：经不同工艺热处理后，GCr15轴承钢的组织都是由马氏体、残留奥氏体和碳化物组成；随着残留奥氏体含量增加，GCr15轴承钢的表面硬度逐渐减小，残余压应力逐渐减小并趋于稳定；在干摩擦条件下，深冷处理试样的平均摩擦系数最小；在油润滑条件下，4组试样的平均摩擦系数相差不大且都低于0.08,在干摩擦和油润滑条件下，随着残留奥氏体含量升高，GCr15轴承钢的磨损率都是先升高再降低，在淬火温度为865℃时磨损率达到最大；经过深冷处理的试样的残留奥氏体含量最小，为6.2 vol%,其磨损率也最小，说明深冷处理能提高GCr15轴承钢的摩擦磨损性...     

超声滚压强化7075铝合金工件表面性能的研究

目的探究超声滚压强化技术对7075铝合金工件表面性能的影响。方法对7075铝合金棒状试样精车加工后进行了超声滚压强化处理。综合使用粗糙度测量仪、表面显微硬度仪、金相显微镜以及X射线衍射应力分析仪,研究了处理前后工艺参数中的压下量对试样的表面粗糙度、表面显微硬度、表面微观组织及表面残余应力等表面性能的影响。结果超声滚压强化处理后,试样表面粗糙度由0.976μm降低至0.047μm,表面显微硬度由105.6HV0.2提高至119HV0.2,显微硬度提高了15%。精车加工后,精车试样的表层组织与心部组织几乎无变化。超声滚压强化后,相对心部组织而言,表层晶粒组织得到显著细化,表层均为残余压应力,压应力深度为1.75 mm。残余压应力最大值位于最表层,最大为-174.0 MPa,且距离最表层越远,残余压应力总体呈减小趋势。结论通过对比研究精车试样与超声滚压试样,发现超声滚压强化工艺可以大大地降低试样表面粗糙度,显著地细化表层试样晶粒与提高表面硬度,改善残余应力的分布,并引入一定深度的残余压应力。     

滚动轧制对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响

采用自制滚动轧制头对5 mm厚铝合金7050搅拌摩擦焊接头的上表面及背面进行滚动轧制,并与其焊接态的接头作对比,研究了滚动轧制对焊接接头性能的影响. 结果表明,滚动轧制后接头表面的粗糙度由最大9.58 μm降低到平均约0.85 μm. 表层发生了剧烈的塑性变形,晶粒明显细化形成约200 μm厚的细晶层,亚表层晶粒细化程度降低,在焊核区伴有剪切带产生. 接头表层硬度明显提高,其平均硬度高达HV210,相比轧制前硬度HV110提高了91%. 接头表层残余应力由原来的拉应力转变为压应力,最大残余压应力场深度约为200 μm. 疲劳源由表层移至亚表层,疲劳寿命显著提高.     

GCr15SiMn轴承钢超声滚压表层组织及性能分析

目的 通过不同超声滚压加工工艺对GCr15SiMn轴承钢磨削态试样进行表面强化处理,并研究超声滚压加工工艺对表层组织及性能的影响.方法 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样表面、截面组织进行观察,并用粗糙度仪和硬度仪对表面粗糙度、显微硬度进行表征.对不同电流、静压力参数下超声滚压加工试样表面、截面组织和性能的差异进行了分...     

激光冲击对690高强钢表面完整性的影响

为研究激光冲击处理对690高强钢表面完整性的影响,采用不同功率密度的脉冲激光冲击690高强钢试样,借助光学轮廓仪、X射线应力仪、硬度计和透射电镜,测试分析激光冲击前后690高强钢试样的表面三维形貌、硬度、残余应力和微观组织的变化。结果表明:不同功率密度的激光冲击后,690钢的表面粗糙度增大;随着激光功率密度的增加,试样表面轮廓的最大高度R_y从1.814 μm增至3.247 μm。不同功率密度的激光冲击后,试样残余应力均值由－122 MPa增加至－296 MPa,显微硬度的均值由277 HV0.1 增加至355 HV0.1。与未进行激光冲击强化试样相比,激光冲击处理使690高强钢试样表层晶粒不断细化,且功率密度越大表层晶粒尺寸越小。     

喷丸强度对TA15钛合金型材表面完整性影响的数值和实验研究

利用有限元模拟和喷丸实验研究了喷丸强度对TA15钛合金热挤压型材表面完整性的影响规律。对比了由数值模拟和喷丸实验得到的表面粗糙度和残余应力分布结果,验证了所建立的喷丸有限元模型的可靠性;研究了喷丸强度对材料表层显微硬度和微观组织的影响。实验结果表明,喷丸处理在TA15钛合金型材表层产生了最大数值为558~764 MPa且深度为115~151 μm的残余压应力层,材料表层发生塑性变形,位错密度增大,晶粒细化,表层硬度提高,形成了深度为100~150 μm的硬化层,同时表面粗糙度增大。最大残余压应力、压应力层深度和表层硬度随喷丸强度的增大而增大,但强度超过0.188 mmA后增加不明显,材料表面出现裂纹,且在0.222 mmA强度下,材料表面因折叠缺陷而发生残余应力松弛,降低了材料表面完整性。     

(0.96Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_3~-0.04BaTiO_3)-(0.98K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3~-0.02LiTaO_3)无铅压电陶瓷的结构分析与性能研究

研究了(1-x)(0.96Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO_3-0.04BaTiO_3)-x(0.98K_0.5Na_0.5NbO_3-0.02LiTaO_3)(BNTBT-KNNLT)体系在0≤x≤0.07这一组分区域的结构和性能.X射线衍射谱发现,这一系列组分在室温下形成纯钙钛矿型固溶体,没有其他杂相产生.(111)峰的峰位和峰形随组分的变化有规律的变化.随着KNNLT组分的加入,压电及介电等性能有比较明显的改变.压电性能随KNNLT的加入出现最大值.当x=0.02时,压电常数d_(33)=125 pC/N.介电常数在室温下随组分的增加而增加.电滞回线的结果显示,尽管在BNTBT中掺杂了KNNLT,这一系列的压电陶瓷仍然具有较大的矫顽场.当x=0.02时,室温下介电常数和剩余极化强度分别为:ε_r=1455,P_r=32.3 μC/cm~2.实验结果表明适量的KNNLT掺杂进BNTBT中可以改善BNTBT的压电和介电性能.     

Mo-Si-B系材料的性能及制备

综述了Mo-Si-B系材料的研究进展。主要就材料在各种环境中的氧化性能、单相和多相材料的力学性能、材料的电学性能和热学性能等方面的研究进展进行了介绍。通过无压烧结方法,在1600℃合成了7种不同原料配比的Mo-Si-B系材料。用X射线衍射仪分析了材料的物相组成,确定了最佳的B与Si的原子比为0．865。但是无压烧结法得到的材料致密度不够,还需要对合成工艺作进一步的研究。     

Preparation and properties of C/C−ZrB2−SiC composites by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation and polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP)

Ultrahigh-temperature ceramics were added to C/C composites to meet their application requirement in a high-temperature oxidizing environment. C/C−ZrB₂−SiC composites were fabricated by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation with polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. The dispersion and rheological behavior of ZrB₂ slurry and the microstructural, mechanical, and ablation properties of the C/C−ZrB₂−SiC composites were investigated. Results indicated that a well-dispersed and low-viscosity ZrB₂ slurry was obtained using 0.40 wt.% polyethyleneimine as a dispersant at pH 5. Ceramics were uniformly distributed in the short-cut fiber layer and needle-punched area. The flexural strength of the C/C−ZrB₂−SiC composites was 309.30 MPa. The composites exhibited satisfactory ablation resistance under the oxyacetylene flame of 2500 °C, and the mass and linear ablation rates were 0.40 mg/s and 0.91 μm/s, respectively. A continuous and compact ZrO₂ layer, which could effectively reduce the diffusion rate of oxygen and protect the composites from being ablated, was formed.     

Superconductivity and ferromagnetism in Pd doped Y9Co7

The ferromagnetic superconductor Y₉Co₇ was chemically doped to yield the solid solution Y₉Co_7-xPd_x for 0 < x < 0.4. The lattice parameter a does not depend on x, whereas c increases with increasing Pd content up to x = 0.2, the palladium solubility limit. The transition from ferromagnetism (T_C = 4.25 K) to superconductivity (T_sc = 2.4 K) was observed only for the parent Y₉Co₇ compound. For the lowest tested Pd doping level (x = 0.05), ferromagnetism is enhanced strongly (T_C = 9.35 K) and superconductivity is not seen above 1.8 K. The Curie temperature rapidly increases from 4.25 K to about 10 K for a Pd concentration of x = 0.1 and remains almost unchanged for Y₉Co_6.8Pd_0.2.     

Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of the quaternary type-I Si clathrates K8-δGaxAlySi46-x-y

The effects of substituting Ga atoms with Al on the thermoelectric properties of the ternary Si clathrate K₈Ga₈Si₃₈ were assessed over the temperature range of 10–700 K. For this purpose, the series of quaternary Si clathrates K_8-δGa_xAl_ySi_46-x-y (x + y ≈ 8; 0 ≤ y < 8) was synthesized by heating mixtures of K, Ga, Al and Si at temperatures between 1223 and 1353 K. The lattice constant of K_8-δGa_xSi_46-x was found to increase with the Al content, y, and Al substitution also significantly changed the transport properties of the clathrate, even though Al and Ga are isovalent. Electrical resistivity measurements showed that the conduction mechanism changed from variable range hopping conduction to metallic conduction with increasing y. The Seebeck coefficient, S, was negative for all of the samples, indicating that the dominant carriers were electrons, while the absolute value of S decreased with y. All specimens had approximately the same value of thermal conductivity, κ, on the order of 1.4 W/Km at 300 K, except for K_7.7Al_7.5Si_38.8. K_7.5Ga_4.8Al_3.0Si_38.7 exhibited the largest power factor, and therefore the highest thermoelectric dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, with a value of 0.066 at 550 K. This value is approximately six times that of the ternary Si clathrate K_7.4Ga_7.7Si_38.9.     

FeCuNbSiB非晶纳米晶带材软磁性能和压磁性能研究

本文主要研究了Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9纳米晶带材在不同的热处理工艺和压应力条件下的软磁性能变化情况.结果表明:带材在550℃×1h热处理工艺时将晶化成纳米晶材料,此时带材软磁性能最好;纳米晶带材的|μ|,受压应力影响大,尤其是在小于0.2MPa压应力作用下,软磁性能变化非常敏感,|μ|随压力增加而迅速下降;带材Q值在小于0.2MPa压应力作用下变化非常敏感,Q值随压力增加而迅速下降.当压应力大于0.2MPa时,Q值随压应力变化不明显,压应力不影响带材Q值随频率的变化规律.     

Fe-Co软磁合金磁性能及机械性能的研究

Fe-Co合金是重要的软磁材料,应用广泛.本文综述了化学成分、合金元素、有序度、晶粒尺寸、磁场、杂质和应力对其磁性能和机械性能的影响.并分析了Fe-Co合金的应用前景和发展趋势.     

Sn改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的微观组织和力学性能

采用自制Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料钎焊TA2钛合金,研究了不同Sn元素含量改性Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料的熔化特性、微观组织及物相、润湿及熔蚀性、接头拉伸强度。研究表明,Sn含量增加,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Sn钎料固、液相线温度基本升高,但温度差值基本变窄,可更好地抑制钎焊界面脆性化合物形成。Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料组织由Ti、Zr基体和晶体相构成,Sn倾向与Ti、Zr结合形成Ti₂Sn₃、Ti₆Sn₅、Zr₅Sn₃等低熔点共晶相。Sn≤1.5%时,随Sn含量增加,钎料对TA2钛合金的润湿性逐渐变差;继续增加Sn,钎料润湿性改善,添加5%Sn的钎料对基体润湿最佳。添加5%Sn并降低Cu、Ni总量的改性钎料对TA2钛合金熔蚀减弱。相同钎焊工艺下,添加5%Sn接头的强度和塑性均有提升。钎焊温度升高,Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni钎料产生更多强化物相,致接头强度大幅提升,而Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-5Sn钎料产生的含Sn物相强化作用对接头强度提升有限;相...     

Strengthening of transparent spinel/Si3N4 nanocomposites

In response to a need for improving the mechanical properties of optically transparent ceramics, the nanocomposites approach is used to strengthen transparent magnesium-aluminate spinel with Si₃N₄ nanodispersoids. The as-processed nanocomposites are found to be >70% transparent in the critical infrared wavelength range of 3-4.5 μm. Mie scattering combined with absorption by the Si₃N₄ nanodispersoids explains quantitatively the IR transmission behavior of these nanocomposites. The nanocomposites are also found to be transparent in the visible region. Upon heat treatment (1000 °C for 4 h in air), the optical properties of the nanocomposites remain unchanged. However, the heat treatment results in a 29% increase in the average strength, accompanied by almost doubling of the Weibull modulus, and an 85% increase in the indentation toughness. The improvements in mechanical properties after the heat treatment in these nanocomposites are explained qualitatively, based on generally accepted arguments involving surface-oxidation-induced surface compression and flaw-healing. While further work is needed to fully understand and exploit these effects, this first report on transparent nanocomposites could have broad implications for the creation of mechanically robust, transparent ceramics of the future.     

Elastic and optical properties of zinc-blende CrSb and its effective mass

The elastic, optical, and effective mass properties of CrSb in zinc-blende（ZB） phase were investigated.The calculations were carried out using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave plus local orbital according to the density functional theory. The results of elastic calculations by generalized gradient approximation and local density approximation approximations indicate that ZB CrSb is a ductile material and its Debye temperature is rather low. Band structure and density of state calculations introduce the ZB CrSb as a half-metal with spin polarization of100 %. In metal state, 16 th and 17 th bands cut off the Fermi level. Calculations study the effective mass, Fermi velocity,and Fermi surface at 16 th and 17 th bands. In continue,optical quantities such as dielectric function, energy loss function, and optical conductivity were investigated.