聚合物光栅光波导器件的微复制技术

采用纳米压印微复制技术方法,研制了一种新型的聚合物柔性光栅光波导敏感器件,该器件可用于介入式医用导管的微弯挠曲监测或类似场合的微变形监测.重点阐述了聚合物柔性光栅光波导器件的微复制模具和器件微复制的工艺方法,并对制备工艺技术中的关键技术问题进行了讨论,讨论了测试光纤耦合一体化光栅波导器件的工艺方法.最后利用硅微模具和紫外固化介质材料,成功制备出了截面尺寸为4 μm×20 μm、光栅周期为0.75 μm的聚合物柔性光栅光波导器件.     

基于微透镜阵列的多通道光寻址电位传感器研

为了提高化学和生物图像传感器的成像速度和简化成像系统,提出了一种基于微透镜阵列的多通道光寻址电位传感器.利用微透镜阵列把单束激光转化成点阵,通过多频率斩波器,得到不同频率的光点阵列用作光寻址电位传感器的光源,从而实现多点同时检测.实验结果表明该系统具有良好的频域分辨率,通过数字补偿技术可获得各个检测点的电流电压特性曲线,证明可实现多点同时检测.该系统可以用于光寻址电位传感器和扫描光感阻抗传感器的快速成像,以及多通道化学生物图像检测.     

微焦点X射线成像扫描控制与数据获取系统

文章介绍了微焦点X射线成像扫描控制与数据获取系统的原理、软硬件结构以及实现技术。该系统通过串口通讯协议,实现了实时图像采集的手动扫描控制、自定义扫描轨迹的自动控制,通过图像采集卡采集和存储微焦点X射线图像,为微焦点成像分析处理的研究提供了良好的实验平台。     

石墨烯微通道散热器的传热特性

为了改善传统微通道散热器的传热特性,提出了一种新型的微通道散热器,相较于传统直通道散热器,不仅增加了横向通道,而且在传热板的下表面覆加了具有超高热导率的石墨烯层,利用数值分析的方法研究添加了横向通道和石墨烯层后的微通道散热器和传统直通道散热器的传热特性。结果表明:横向通道的加入降低了微通道散热器受热面最高温度、最低温度和温差,并且随着热通量的增加,降低幅度增大。石墨烯层的加入使温差大幅度降低,进一步改善了散热效果。     

声表面波辅助实现纸基微流分析

纸基微流器件往往难以实现样品前处理操作.提出了一种简单的纸基微通道制作方法及兼具有前处理操作功能的纸基微流分析方法.采用Protel设计微通道图案,采用印刷电路技术制作铜模板,并涂覆石蜡、覆盖滤纸,而后用电烙铁加热铜模板另一侧,熔融石蜡渗透入滤纸形成纸基微通道.制作的纸基器件放置于128°YX-LiNbO3压电基片上,...     

光声显微成像技术的研究进展

光声成像作为一种兼具高光学对比度和大超声探测深度的新兴成像方法,突破了传统光学成像技术分辨率与成像深度相互制约的壁垒,获得了空前快速的发展,其中,光声显微成像技术继承了光声成像技术的优点,采用声学或光学聚焦的成像模式,可以实现高对比度、高分辨率的生物组织结构、分子与功能成像,在神经学、眼科、血管生物学和皮肤学等研究领域具有潜在应用价值。为此,首先介绍了光声成像技术的原理和分类,然后围绕光声显微成像(Photoacoustic microscopy, PAM)技术这一主题,重点综述了新型PAM技术的发展情况、PAM焦深（Depth of focus, DoF）延拓技术以及PAM的生物医学应用。最后,总结了PAM技术发展存在的挑战,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

基于线阵CCD的新型微位移传感器的研究

常用的激光三角法微位移传感器适用于直线位移测量,不适用于微小角位移的动态测量.因此研制了一种新型的基于线阵CCD的微小角位移传感器,采用平行光斜射式激光三角法,由准直透镜、聚焦透镜及光栏等光学器件、高速线阵CCD及由CPLD、信号发生电路和采样保持电路等构成的实时信号处理电路组成,具有结构简单,线性度好,灵敏度高,测量频率高,分辨率高和实时性好等特点;介绍了其结构和工作原理,实验测试其特性,并将其应用于高频电-机械转换器动态特性的测量.研究表明该传感器的最大量程为0.2rad,分辨率为0.0002rad,最高测量频率为10 kHz,可应用于高频电-机械转换器等元件的微小角位移的特性的动态检测.     

违禁品X光图像检测技术应用研究进展综述

X光图像在安检中应用十分广泛,目前大部分安检工作还要依靠人工完成,但X光安检巨大的工作量和工作强度使自动安检成为必然趋势。如何根据X光图像自动检测其中物体成为研究热点。随着基于深度学习技术的目标检测取得巨大进展,在X光图像违禁品检测中也大量应用深度学习模型进行研究并获得大量成果。为全面、详细总结现有研究,首先介绍X光成像特点、X光图像检测的传统方法以及基于深度学习的方法,然后对比传统方法与深度学习方法的检测效果并分析现有自动安检研究进展,最后指出未来值得关注的研究方向,以期给X光图像违禁品检测的研究提供参考。     

基于图像质量与频谱特性加权的光瞳结构优化

为进一步优化光学合成孔径成像系统的光瞳结构,研究了3种典型光瞳结构下复原图像质量与调制传递函数之间的关系,提出基于图像质量与频谱特性加权的光瞳优化方法。该方法将复原图像质量评价因子与频谱分布特性因子的线性加权值,作为光瞳优化的目标函数,调整权重因子使合成孔径成像系统的性能在图像质量与分辨率之间达到平衡。仿真结果表明,对六孔径和九孔径光瞳结构优化后,复原图像对比度更高,人工痕迹更少,更利于在保证成像分辨率的同时获得更好的成像质量。     

生物医学光声成像技术及其临床应用进展

样品被短脉冲激光照射后会受激产生超声波,这种现象被称为光声效应。随着激光器技术及超声探测技术的进 步,基于此效应的光声成像技术已成为生物医学成像领域发展最快的技术之一。光声成像作为一种混合型的成像方式, 结合了光学成像的高对比度和光谱识别特性,以及超声成像大穿透深度下仍具备较高分辨率的特点。光声成像技术不仅 可对包括血红蛋白、脂肪在内的多种组织成分进行高特异性成像,还能灵敏的反映包括血氧含量、氧代谢率等生理特征 的变化,与超声技术的形态和结构成像具有很强的互补性,已在临床及生物医学研究领域体现出巨大的应用潜力。光声 成像技术的这些特性使其在恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、微循环异常等疾病的成像诊断和治疗引导中具有重要的应用前景。 文章小结了本课题组在光声成像技术领域最近取得的一些新进展,包括利用解卷积技术进一步提高光声显微成像分辨 率;利用压缩感知技术降低数据采集量,提高光声层析成像的速度;利用自制的纳米探针,实现光声分子成像和光热治 疗。光声成像技术的这些进步使其在癌症、心脑血管疾病等方面的诊断和治疗更具有可行性,文章最后回顾了光声成像 技术在乳腺癌、前哨淋巴结及血管内成像等方面的临床应用和研究进展。     

Fabrication and performance of 2-D compound X-ray refractive lenses

Due to the weak refraction of X-rays in matter, a focusing or deflection of X-ray using conventional refractive optics was not feasible. However, since compound X-ray refractive lens (CXRL) with consecutive holes array was proposed, it becomes currently a noticeable issue in X-ray optics. In this paper, we report on fabrication and performance test of two types of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) CXRLs. Firstly, one dimensional refractive X-ray lenses of parabolic and circular shape is fabricated by LIGA process. Based on the results, we conduct a fabrication of 2-D CXRLs. Here we suggest a LIGA-self align method which doesn’t need a special align equipment and is simpler method than conventional one. Through performance tests, we show experimentally that CXRLs are novel optical components for the hard X-ray range of about 8 keV and that they have possibilities to apply the X-ray optics for micro-focusing, imaging, and lithography.     

Fabrication of micro pore optics with smooth sidewall using X-ray lithography

Micro pore optics (MPO) as an X-ray imaging system is perfectly suited for the applications in space telescopes due to its light-weight and high-resolution properties. We report the fabrication of MPO samples by LIGA process focusing on its sidewall surface used as mirrors for X-ray reflection. An intermediate mask is fabricated and used to obtain the working mask in order to avoid the UV exposure to a very thick photo resist layer. Around 400 μm-thick nickel MPO plate is obtained with the aspect ratio of the square pore and sidewall of 8 and 32, respectively. The root mean square roughness of the sidewall surface is below 10 nm in a 5 × 5 μm² region. Some striations are found on the sidewall surface originating from the jagged edge of the chromium coating on the UV mask.     

一种用于生化传感检测的压电式行波微流泵的研究

为了减少生化传感器中样品的消耗,基于行波原理,本文设计了一种新型的压电式微流泵.首先,理论证明了行波的产生机理,并用流体仿真软件Fluent进行了验证;其次,设计并制作了锯齿沟道和直沟道两种结构的微流泵,在压电双晶片阵列的驱动下,测量了这两种微流泵在不同频率和电压下的特性.结果表明锯齿形沟道结构的压电式行波微流泵性能更...     

X射线同轴相衬成像原理数值模拟及实验初探

主要对微焦点源X射线同轴相衬成像系统的系统参数进行了设计与讨论,并对结果进行了实验验证.根据实际选取X射线能量以及物体的折射率改变量和吸收因子来确定物体传输函数,从物体到探测面的距离、物体边缘渐变宽度等因素对图像可见度的影响进行分析,提出了改进分辨率方法并通过数值模拟得到验证.最后,在实验中对普通三角板进行相衬成像,并与其吸收衬度成像进行对比.实验结果表明,利用数值模拟的方法可以指导微焦点源相衬成像参数设计,同时验证了该实验仪器的相衬能力.     

散景效果的真实感绘制

针对现有方法绘制的散景效果真实感较差的问题,提出一种基于几何光学理论的散景效果真实感绘制方法.该方法以光线传播的折射定律为基础,利用序列光线追踪方法对相机镜头的光学成像特性进行精确建模;对相机镜头的内部结构进行精确模拟,包括孔径光阑和渐晕光阑,以绘制出由孔径形状和渐晕共同作用的散景效果;利用几何光学理论和序列光线追踪方法精确计算出出射光瞳的位置和大小,以辅助光线采样,提高光线追踪效率.绘制结果表明,利用该方法能够绘制出较为逼真的散景效果,正确模拟了孔径形状和渐晕对散景效果的影响,并具有较高的光线追踪效率.     

Highly efficient electrochemical valence control of uranium using microfluidic chip equipped with microelectrodes

We have developed a novel microchip equipped with a microchannel and Pt microelectrode array for electrochemically controlling valences of actinide (An) species. The square wave voltammograms of the redox reaction of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) in the microchannel were measured. We found that the fabricated Pt microelectrode array has superior performances for the detection of the electrochemically active species in the microchannel. Therefore, the potentiostatic electrolysis experiments of uranium ions were carried out in the microchannel, and the concentration changes of uranium ions accompanied by the potentiostatic electrolysis were examined using thermal lens microscope. The results showed that the redox reactions between U(VI) and U(IV) can be performed completely in a microchannel in a few minutes, that is, the microscale reaction is accelerated by a factor of more than 10 compared with the bulk solution reactions taking hours mostly. The developed microchip was found to have enough performances for realizing rapid and highly efficient redox reactions for An species, which are impossible in the bulk reactions.     

Wicking through a confined micropillar array

This study considers the spreading of a Newtonian and perfectly wetting liquid in a square array of cylindric micropillars confined between two plates. We show experimentally that the dynamics of the contact line follows a Washburn-like law which depends on the characteristics of the micropillar array (height, diameter and pitch). The presence of pillars can either enhance or slow down the motion of the contact line. A theoretical model based on capillary and viscous forces has been developed in order to rationalize our observations. Finally, the impact of pillars on the volumic flow rate of liquid which is pumped in the microchannel is inspected.     

接触角滞后对变截面微通道内水银液滴流动特性影响的数值仿真研究

微通道中气-液两相流的流动特性复杂,影响因素众多,表面效应成为了微流体流动的主要影响因素。在表面张力作用下,静态接触角由固相和液相物性决定,而动态接触角和接触角滞后则受表面粗糙度、表面不均匀性、表面污染等很多因素的影响。本文利用FLUENT中的VOF-CSF模型研究了惯性微流体开关中水银微液滴在变截面微通道内两相流的流动特性。通过动态和静态接触角滞后的UDF函数对变截面微通道中内流动特性的影响进行了数值仿真分析。结果表明,接触角滞后对水银微液滴的流动特性有重要影响,接触角滞后性越大,水银液滴越难通过微阀而进入储液槽闭合信号电极。由于水银液滴在加速度作用下接触线运动速度较低,动态接触角对流动特性的影响可以忽略,动态接触角可由静态接触角代替。     

Effects of geometry factors on microvortices evolution in confined square microcavities

Recently, microcavities have become a central feature of diverse microfluidic devices for many biological applications. Thus, the flow and transport phenomena in microcavities characterized by microvortices have received increasing research attention. It is important to understand thoroughly the geometry factors on the flow behaviors in microcavities. In an effort to provide a design guideline for optimizing the microcavity configuration and better utilizing microvortices for different applications, we investigated quantitatively the liquid flow characteristics in different square microcavities located on one side of a main straight microchannel by using both microparticle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) and numerical simulation. The influences of the inlet Reynolds numbers (with relatively wider values Re?=?1–400) and the hydraulic diameter of the main microchannel (D_H?=?100, 133 μm) on the evolution of microvortices in different square microcavities (100, 200, 400 and 800 μm) were studied. The evolution and characteristic of the microvortices were investigated in detail. Moreover, the critical Reynolds numbers for the emergence of microvortices and the transformation of flow patterns in different microcavities were determined. The results will provide a useful guideline for the design of microcavity-featured microfluidic devices and their applications.     

微通道换热器的数值模拟和结构优化

为提高微通道换热器的换热效率,利用COMSOL耦合求解流动和传热方程,对微通道换热器换热特征进行数值模拟.通过分析微通道换热器的温度、微通道的入口与出口的压差以及微通道换热器的总热阻等参数,对其换热性能进行评估.优化微换热器的几何结构可以有效提高换热性能.数值模拟结果表明：当微通道的高宽比为0.8、微通道与间隔的宽度比为0.6、微通道数为71时热阻最小,换热性能最佳.