羟苯磺酸钙治疗慢性肾衰竭50例临床观察

目的:观察羟苯磺酸钙治疗慢性肾衰竭的临床疗效。方法:随机将100例慢性肾衰竭患者分为常规组和观察组各50例。常规组给予常规药物治疗;观察组在常规药物治疗的基础上加服羟苯磺酸钙0.5 g/次,每天3次,治疗时间为8周。记录并比较两组患者治疗前后尿素氮、血清肌酐、血红蛋白、24 h尿蛋白含量的差异。结果:治疗前,两组患者的尿素氮、血清肌酐、血红蛋白、24 h尿蛋白含量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的尿素氮、血清肌酐、24 h尿蛋白含量均下降,血红蛋白含量升高,观察组相对于常规组含量变化更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:羟苯磺酸钙治疗慢性肾衰竭疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

六味地黄汤联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊对糖尿病肾病患者血脂与肾功能的影响

目的:观察六味地黄汤联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病的疗效及其对患者血脂与肾功能的影响。方法:80例糖尿病肾病患者随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。所有患者均予以常规降低血糖、降低血压及纠正酸碱平衡和电解质紊乱等对症处理,对照组联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊,观察组在对照组治疗基础上联合六味地黄汤治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血糖:空腹血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin Alc,Hb A1C)、餐后2小时血糖(2-hour postmeal blood glucose 2h PG),血脂:总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoproteincholesterol,HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C),肾功能:尿白蛋白排泄率(urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER)、尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-microglobulin,β2-MG),并比较组间中医证候积分、中医症状疗效和综合疗效。结果:治疗前两组血脂水平、肾功能及血糖水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组与对照组各指标比较:TC[(4.15±0.79)vs(4.62±0.81)]、TG[(1.26±0.21)vs(1.61±0.25)]、LDL-C[(2.63±0.19)vs(2.79±0.18)]及HDL-C[(1.23±0.14)vs(1.11±0.14)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组UAER、尿微量白蛋白、Scr及β2-MG水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组FBG、Hb A1C及2h PG显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组证候积分明显低于对照组[(8.18±2.48)vs(15.95±3.98)](P<0.05)。观察组与对照组中医症状有效率(85.00%vs45.00%)和综合有效率(92.50%vs 70.00%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:六味地黄汤联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗糖尿病肾病可有效调节血脂,改善肾功能,降低中医证候积分,提高中医症状疗效和综合疗效。     

糖肾煎联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床观察

目的:观察糖肾煎联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法:将早期糖尿病肾病患者64例随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组32例,均采用基础糖尿病的治疗,对照组再给予羟苯磺酸钙治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加上糖肾煎治疗。连续治疗12周以后,比较治疗前后24h尿白蛋白排泄量、肾功能(血肌酐和血尿素氮)及血糖的变化。结果:两组治疗前后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与对照组比较,治疗组能明显降低24h尿蛋白排泄量,降低血糖、尿素氮及肌酐水平(P<0.05)。结论:糖肾煎联合羟苯磺酸钙能减少早期糖尿病肾病患者的尿白蛋白,改善肾功能,延缓糖尿病肾病的进展。     

口服复方丹参滴丸联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病患者视网膜病变的临床研究

目的观察复方丹参滴丸以及羟苯磺酸钙对糖尿病视网膜病变患者的临床应用疗效。方法收集本院糖尿病有视网膜病变患者70例,随机的均分为用羟苯磺酸钙治疗组(对照组),用羟苯磺酸钙联合复方丹参滴丸治疗组(观察组)。两组患者分别治疗4个月后,观察并分析患者的视野变化、眼底病变、不良反应、复发的情况,并检测患者的糖化血红蛋白、血糖、血脂与血压的控制水平。结果与治疗前比较,两组患者在治疗后病情均有所改善;与对照组比较,观察组眼底出血斑、视野灰度、血管瘤等治疗效果显著(P<0.05);糖化血红蛋白、血糖、血压与总胆固醇的控制均有所改善,未见不良反应发生,且复发率也低。结论用复方丹参滴丸联合羟苯磺酸钙治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效优于单用羟苯磺酸钙。     

羟苯磺酸钙对糖尿病肾病3期患者hs-CRP、TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨羟苯磺酸钙对糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)3期患者体内炎性因子hs-CRP、TNF-α的影响及对肾脏的保护作用。方法:选择本院2014年1月-2017年6月期间尿白蛋白肌酐比值(albumin to creatinie ratio,ACR)30~300μg/mg的DKD3期患者30例,按照随机数表法分为羟苯磺酸钙治疗组和DKD对照组,每组各15例。另外选择健康体检的正常人群15例作为健康对照组。检测三组患者的糖化血红蛋白、尿ACR、hs-CRP、α肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α),治疗6个月后重复测定上述指标。结果:DKD3期患者hs-CRP、TNF-α水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05),经羟苯磺酸钙治疗6个月后,羟苯磺酸钙治疗组ACR、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平较DKD对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:在控制血压、血糖在相同水平的基础上,羟苯磺酸钙可通过减少炎症因子,减轻炎症反应,减少尿蛋白的排泄从而延缓DKD3期的进展,保护肾脏。     

芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者的临床疗效观察

目的:观察以益气养血、滋阴明目为组方原则的芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗糖尿病视网膜病变非增殖期患者的疗效。方法:选择2012年6月-2013年2月门诊非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者86例,按随机对照的原则分为两组,各43例。试验组给予芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗,对照组给予羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后视力及视网膜的变化。结果:治疗后,试验组视力恢复程度、眼底情况均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组总有效率为90.7%,对照组为69.8%,试验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.204,P=0.028);两组的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且治疗过程中均未发现不良反应。结论:芪明颗粒联合羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗对促进非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力提高、眼底出血、渗出的吸收比单纯羟苯磺酸钙胶囊治疗更有效;其在疾病疗效、主要症状体征、实验室指标及安全级别方面,优于单纯应用羟苯磺酸钙胶囊,值得在临床广泛应用。     

专科护士参与个体化饮食指导对慢性肾脏病患者肾功能及营养状态的影响

目的 探讨实施个体化饮食指导,对慢性肾脏病肾脏替代治疗患者肾功能及营养状况改善的影响。方法 选取重庆市黔江中心医院2018年1—9月收治的480例慢性肾脏病血透患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组240例。对照组采用常规饮食指导措施,观察组在对照组的基础上,采用专科护士参与的一对一饮食指导措施,观察两组患者饮食指导6个月后,患者肾功能及营养状态改善情况。结果 两组患者肾功能及营养检测指标比较,观察组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论 专科护士参与的个体化饮食指导,可明显改善慢性肾脏病患者的肾功能和营养状态,提高患者生存质量,发挥临床专科护士的作用,值得推广应用。     

肾康注射液对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能影响的临床研究

目的:探讨肾康注射液对慢性肾功能衰竭患者的肾功能改善状况。方法:将56例明确诊断为慢性肾功能衰竭的患者按随机数字表单盲法随机分为肾康组和尿毒清组。肾康组采用肾康注射液静脉注射;尿毒清组中成药尿毒清口服治疗。观察4周,记录患者肌酐、尿素氮、光抑素C、24h尿蛋白定量及临床症状。结果:两组疗效比较未见显著差异。治疗前两组血肌酐、尿素氮、光抑素C的比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05);肾康组及尿毒清组治疗前后对比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肾康注射液可以改善慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能。     

中医综合疗法对慢性肾衰竭患者残留肾功能的影响

目的:观察中药口服与灌肠综合疗法对慢性肾衰竭患者残留肾功能的保护作用。方法:选取慢性肾衰竭患者70例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各35例,对照组给予常规西医治疗,观察组在此基础上给予中药口服联合灌肠综合治疗,对比两组治疗有效率及治疗前后中医证候积分,比较内生肌酐清除率(endogenous creatinine clearance rate,Ccr)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)含量及治疗前后血浆白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平,同时观察不良反应。结果:观察组治疗有效率88.57%明显高于对照组65.71%(P<0.05);观察组治疗后中医证候总积分(8.26±0.41)分,对照组中医证候总积分(16.43±0.20)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组Ccr(35.24±1.88)m L·min~(-1)、Hb(98.36±1.22)g·L~(-1)、Scr(281.67±1.56)μmol·L~(-1)、BUN(7.75±0.54)mmol·L~(-1)、ALB(35.17±1.06)g·L~(-1)、Hs-CRP(3.45±1.02)mg·L~(-1),对照组Ccr(30.47±1.34)m L·min-1、Hb(90.35±1.07)g·L~(-1)、Scr(326.45±1.14)μmol·L~(-1)、BUN(10.26±0.17)mmol·L~(-1)、ALB(38.48±0.44)g·L~(-1)、Hs-CRP(5.12±0.55)mg·L~(-1),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率8.57%,对照组不良反应发生率5.71%,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:中药口服与灌肠综合治疗对慢性肾衰竭患者残留肾功能具有明显保护作用,且安全性高。     

电话随访对慢性肾功能不全患者依从性的影响

目的分析电话随访对慢性肾功能不全患者遵医行为的影响,探讨电话随访在慢性肾功能不全治疗中的作用。方法将73例慢性肾功能不全患者随机分为观察组(37例)和对照组(36例)。两组患者住院时进行常规健康宣教,出院时嘱咐患者按时复诊,观察组在此基础上增加电话随访。比较分析两组患者的按时复诊率及治疗效果。结果观察组按时复诊率(90.5%)明显高于对照组(70.8%)(P<0.05)。且血Scr、BUN差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论出院后的电话随访对慢性肾功能不全患者的遵医行为及治疗有促进作用。     

Quantitative assessment of estrogenic activity in the water environment of Korea by the E-SCREEN assay

In this study, the E-SCREEN assay was optimized and validated for the sensitive quantitative determination of the total estrogenicity in river samples. River water and sediment samples were collected and analyzed with the E-SCREEN. River water (10 l) was extracted using combined solid-phase extraction in static adsorption mode with Soxhlet extraction. Estrogenic pollutants adsorbed to the XAD-4 resin were recovered with 98.24 +/- 5.90% efficiency by elution with ethyl acetate and dichloromethane (1:9). The detection limit by 17beta-estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ) of the E-SCREEN assay was 8.03 pg EEQ/l. Among the water samples, the estrogenic activity was observed to be higher downstream of the Kumho river (7.43 ng EEQ/l) and upstream of Kum river (2.05 ng EEQ/l) than in other samples. More than 3 mg of equivalent sediment samples from the Kumho river, Kum river and Miho stream showed partial agonistic effects, and the Mankyung river showed a partial agonistic effect with only 1.5 mg of sediment. The highest value of RPE was 83.34 downstream of the Kumho river, and the lowest value of RPE was 6.52 downstream of the Miho stream. Full estrogen agonistic activities were observed downstream of the Kumho river and upstream of the Kum river. The partial agonistic activity was observed in upstream of the Kumho river, downstream of the Mankyung river, and upstream of the Miho stream, and no agonistic action was observed downstream of the Kum river or Miho stream, or upstream of the Mankyung river. The total estrogenic activity in the river water and sediment samples was between 0.50 pg/L and 7.4 ng/L, 3.39 pg/g and 10.70 pg/g.     

碳酸钙晶须对SHCC性能的影响

硬化水泥基复合材料（SHCC）是一种多相多尺度的高延性水泥基材料,常用的纤维通常为单一尺度的厘米长度的纤维,不能很好的实现对微米尺度裂缝的阻裂,厘米尺度纤维混杂微米尺度纤维可实现梯度阻裂效果。采用了微米尺度的碳酸钙晶须（CW）与厘米尺度的PVA纤维混杂制备SHCC材料,研究了CW对力学性能的影响,并通过SEM、TG-DTG、X射线衍射（XRD）等测试对CW增韧机理进行研究。结果表明,微米尺度的CW通过晶须桥连微裂缝,晶须拔出消耗能量,提高SHCC力学性能,发挥多尺度阻裂效果。与对照组相比,掺有2%CW试样的抗折强度和抗压强度分别提高20.9%、18.6%,薄板试样在四点弯曲载荷下呈现多缝开裂特征,展现出弯曲硬化现象。此外,CW的加入诱导一种水化产物-单碳酸盐的出现,其硬度和体积均大于单硫型水化硫铝酸钙（AFm）,有利于力学性能的提高。     

Impact of calcium and TOC on biological acidification assessment in Norwegian rivers

Acidification continues to be a major impact in freshwaters of northern Europe, and the biotic response to chemical recovery from acidification is often not a straightforward process. The focus on biological recovery is relevant within the context of the EU Water Framework Directive, where a biological monitoring system is needed that detects differences in fauna and flora compared to undisturbed reference conditions. In order to verify true reference sites for biological analyses, expected river pH is modeled based on Ca and TOC, and 94% of variability in pH at reference sites is explained by Ca alone, while 98% is explained by a combination of Ca and TOC. Based on 59 samples from 28 reference sites, compared to 547 samples from 285 non-reference sites, the impact of calcium and total organic carbon (TOC) on benthic algae species composition, expressed as acidification index periphyton (AIP), is analyzed. Rivers with a high Ca concentration have a naturally higher AIP, and TOC affects reference AIP only at low Ca concentrations. Four biological river types are needed for assessment of river acidification in Norway based on benthic algae: very calcium-poor, humic rivers (Ca < 1 mg/l and TOC > 2 mg/l); very calcium-poor, clear rivers (Ca < 1 mg/l and TOC < 2 mg/l); calcium-poor rivers (Ca between 1 and 4 mg/l); moderately calcium rich rivers (Ca > 4 mg/l). A biological assessment system for river acidification in Norway based on benthic algae is presented, following the demands of the Water Framework Directive.     

Observations on renal function in workers exposed to lead

Renal function was studied in 40 workers chronically exposed to lead at a smelter. The geometric means of lead were 40 (range 24.0 - 63.0) micrograms/dl in blood and 47 (range 19 - 115) micrograms/g creatinine or 71 (range 20 - 250) micrograms/l in urine, respectively. There were no significant differences between the lead-exposed group and a control group in the concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin in serum, urinary total protein and IgG, whereas the level of beta 2-microglobulin in urine was significantly higher in the lead-exposed group (p less than 0.01). No individual lead worker showed abnormally increased level of urinary beta 2-microglobulin. The significance of increased excretion of beta 2-microglobulin on the basis of the group remains to be elucidated.     

Effect of the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphism on renal and neurobehavioral function in workers exposed to lead in China

Effects of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphisms on the renal and neurobehavioral functions were investigated in Chinese workers from a storage battery plant exposed to inorganic lead. Blood and urine were collected from each worker to determine the ALAD genotypes, blood lead levels (PbB), urinary β2-MG and urinary NAG activity. The World Health Organization Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (WHO-NCTB) was used. Of the 135 lead workers tested for ALAD genotype, 126 were ALAD1-1, 9 were ALAD1-2 but none were ALAD2-2. The gene frequencies of ALADl-1 and ALADl-2 were 93.33% and 6.67%, respectively. The workers with ALAD1-2 genotype had significantly higher concentrations of PbB (62.52 µg/dl vs. 41.02 µg/dl), urinary NAG (22.01 U/gCr vs. 13.49 U/gCr), urinary β2-MG (194.98 μg/gCr vs. 112.88 μg/gCr), and digit span backward (DSB) score (6.67 vs. 5.33) than those of ALAD1-1 genotype. Urinary NAG of ALAD1-2 genotype carriers was significantly higher than that of ALAD1-1 genotype under the same blood lead level (b_i 0.75 vs. b_i 0.29). Interaction between PbB and ALAD genotypes has a significant influence on NAG (P = 0.02) and β₂-MG (P = 0.01). It is postulated that the workers with the ALAD2 allele appear to be more susceptible to the effects of lead on renal injury, whereas neurobehavioral functions in ALAD1 homozygote tend to be more vulnerable.     

Effect of magnesium and calcium precipitation on coagulation-flocculation with lime

Coagulation-flocculation studies were carried out to identify and quantify the organic matter (TOC) fraction removed by Mg (OH)₂ precipitation and the fraction removed due to CaCO₃ precipitation in lime treatment of wastewater. Most experiments were carried out with domestic sewage and some with a tannic acid solution simulating coagulable organics in wastewater. The experiments showed a clear relation between the amount of TOC removed and the amount of Mg (OH)₂ formed. This relation between TOC removal and Mg(OH)₂ precipitation can be expressed in terms of an adsorption isotherm. The coagulation-flocculation tests of sewage with lime as a coagulant indicated that about 26% of the removable TOC in sewage is eliminated by Mg(OH)₂.     

Effect of different organotins on DNA of mollusk (Scapharca inaequivalvis) erythrocytes assessed by the comet assay

The alkaline comet assay, employing a single-cell gel-electrophoresis, is a rapid, simple and sensitive technique for visualizing and measuring DNA damage leading to strand breakage in individual cells. In this study, we report data about the effect of different organotin compounds (MBTC, DBTC and TBTC) on DNA from erythrocytes of the Scapharca inaequivalvis bivalve mollusc. Our results show significant DNA damage after 30 min in vitro incubation with 10microM of organotins. Since TBTC turned out to be the most genotoxic compound, followed by MBTC and DBTC, we exposed the molluscs to 50ppb of TBTC for 11 days. A significant increase of comet parameters was measured in our experimental conditions. The use of the comet test as a high-throughput screening assay to monitor the effect of environmental pollutants on marine organisms has been proposed.     

碳化法制备纳米碳酸钙的研究

利用氯化钙、氨水和二氧化碳为原料,采用碳化法制备纳米碳酸钙。考察了反应温度、CaCl2溶液浓度、CO2气体流量、添加剂等因素对碳酸钙粒子平均粒径、形貌和反应时间的影响,并用XRD和TEM对产物进行了表征。结果表明,使用一定种类添加剂,在20℃、0.4mol/L的CaCl2溶液和6mL/min流量的CO2条件下,可制得粒度分布均匀、分散性好、平均粒径为45nm左右的球形纳米碳酸钙。     

增强材料对超轻质硅酸钙材料物理性能影响的研究

采用外掺增强法,利用硬硅钙石晶须和玻璃纤维增强超轻质硅酸钙材料。研究了增强材料掺量对增强体微观结构和物理性能的影响。结果表明,分别以3%玻璃纤维和5%硬硅钙石晶须为增强材料制得增强体制品,体积密度分别为126 kg/m3和109 kg/m3,抗折强度分别为2220 cm和3400 cm,抗压强度分别为3650 cm和5410 cm。以硬硅钙石晶须为增强材料制得增强体制品具有更低的体积密度,更高的比强度和更好的保温隔热性能。