不等直径串列圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究背负式海底管线中增设的小直径附属管线对主管线的水动力影响,将大涡模拟中经典Smagorinsky亚格子模型与特征线算子分裂有限元法结合,并引入出口对流边界条件,完善了基于特征线算子分裂有限元的大涡模拟方法。通过自编程序数值模拟Re=1 000的单圆柱绕流,计算结果与相关文献吻合较好,验证了该算法计算圆柱绕流的有效性,并分析了Re=1 000时不同直径比、间距比情况下的串列双圆柱绕流,根据流场的不同涡脱落形态及两圆柱平均阻力系数、升力系数随直径比、间距比变化的规律得到了不同直径比条件下的临界间距范围。达到临界间距后,流场由单一涡脱落状态转变为双涡旋脱落状态。最后分析了两圆柱平均阻力系数及升力系数在临界间距后急剧增加的原因,为背负式海底管线的布局优化提供了理论依据。     

基于RNG k-ε湍流模型的串列双矩形截面桥墩绕流流场特性研究

串列双矩形截面桥墩在桥梁工程中应用广泛,桥墩间距对其绕流流场特性影响显著。利用Fluent软件,基于RNG k-?湍流模型对单矩形截面桥墩、串列双矩形截面桥墩绕流非稳态瞬时流场进行数值求解,从涡量、流线、压力及横向流速等多方面,研究了不同桥墩间距工况下(L/W=2、4、6)串列双矩形桥墩绕流流场分布特征。结果表明,与单矩形桥墩相比,串列双矩形桥墩绕流流动更复杂,尾流涡体及流线弯曲区横向分布范围更广;两桥墩剪切层的生成、分离和重附受桥墩间距影响,当L/W≥4时上游桥墩尾流出现涡体的生成与脱落,桥墩间形成流线弯曲区、压力增高区和压力降低区,下游桥墩尾流形成多个压力降低区。矩形桥墩尾流横向流速呈正负交替波动,与单桥墩单一且对称分布的流速波形图相比,双矩形桥墩横向流速波形图不再对称分布;桥墩间横向流速峰值随间距增大而降低,桥墩两侧区域横向流速波动峰值较单桥墩增大,且距离桥墩中心线越远波动峰值越低。研究结果可为桥墩布设提供参考。     

多圆柱绕流旋涡脱落和流场形态概论

当流体绕多个圆柱流动时,圆柱的个数、相对位置和大小都明显影响着绕流流场结构。基于已有研究成果,归纳总结了流场中放置双圆柱、三圆柱、四圆柱和流场中主圆柱附近放置1个或2个附属小圆柱时,随圆柱相对位置变化,流场结构和旋涡脱落状态的演变规律。双圆柱相对位置分串列、并列和错置3种,其绕流流态按间距比和水流攻角对旋涡脱落形态的影响划分,流态在临界间距比上下变化很大;三圆柱呈“品”字布置,当间距比小于临界值时,出现明显的偏流现象,大于临界值后不再出现偏流现象;三圆柱呈倒“品”字布置,在任何间距比下,流动状态相对于来流几乎都是对称分布的;四圆柱绕正方形排列,实验研究发现上游两圆柱后没有旋涡形成和脱落,下游两圆柱旋涡脱落反相同步,而数值模拟得到上下游柱后都有明显的涡脱落;主圆柱尾流中存在附属小圆柱时,调整小圆柱的位置能够有效抑制尾流中的旋涡脱落。     

串列双圆柱桥墩周围流场特性研究

串列双圆柱桥墩周围流场与两桥墩间距密切相关,采用黏性流求解方法,使用商业CFD软件中的FLUENT软件,并基于RNG k-ε湍流模型对单圆柱及串列双圆柱桥墩绕流非稳态瞬时流场进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:桥墩间距影响着两桥墩墩后尾涡的生成与脱落;桥墩墩后横向流速呈正负交替变化;以碍航紊流宽度为标准,航道边线与串列双圆柱桥墩边壁之间的横向安全距离至少应为1.5倍桥墩直径。     

离散涡方法在串列圆柱和张力腿平台绕流中的应用

海洋立柱和立柱群绕流是经典的流体力学问题,研究立柱排列方式、雷诺数和来流方向等因素对尾流形态和受力特性的影响,具有重要的理论和现实意义。传统的CFD方法大多存在计算时间长、难以处理复杂边界和数值耗散等不足。离散涡方法是将N-S方程表达成拉格朗日形式并用涡量-速度表示出来,不存在数值耗散,同时能使计算效率大幅提升。该文采用离散涡方法对不同间距比下串列双圆柱绕流的尾流特征和受力特性进行了研究,结果表明当间距比为2和3时,漩涡脱落仅发生在下游圆柱上,而上游圆柱不发生漩涡脱落现象,上游圆柱阻力系数为正数,下游圆柱阻力系数为负数;而当间距比为4时,上下游圆柱上均发生了明显脱涡现象,且上游和下游阻力系数均为正数。用离散涡方法对简化的张力腿平台模型进行了数值计算,研究了不同雷诺数及不同来流方向的绕流特征和受力特性,并与实验结果进行对比,表明不同流向角下张力腿平台的尾流形态为典型的2S脱涡模型。且除0°外,在其他不同角度下阻力系数随着雷诺数的增加先减小后保持平稳。     

浅水圆柱绕流流动模式探讨

数值求解了二维浅水方程和RNG k-ε流模型,模拟了不同稳定性系数S和圆柱中心间距G下的单圆柱、两圆柱和三圆柱的尾流流动模式,研究了底部摩擦力对尾流结构的影响。结果表明:随着S增大,尾流在底部摩擦力的作用下趋于稳定,大尺度涡结构逐渐消失。单圆柱尾流区依次出现了涡街（VS）尾流、不稳定漩涡（UB）尾流和稳定漩涡（SB）尾流。多圆柱尾流除了受S数影响外,还与G密切相关。随着G的增大,两圆柱背后依次出现了单钝体绕流、偏转尾流和对称尾流,三圆柱背后则依次出现了单钝体绕流、偏转尾流、对称尾流和非对称尾流。此外,数值结果还表明多圆柱尾流结构不同于单圆柱,多圆柱并排使得尾流更加不稳定。     

双圆柱在不同排列方式下绕流流态模拟

双圆柱绕流伴随着流动分离、旋涡生成与脱落、旋涡间相互干扰等复杂问题,其流动形态和流动特征受圆柱相对位置影响。使用FLUENT流体软件,选取间距比1.75,2.5和4,在二维层流模型下,模拟了双圆柱串列、30°夹角错置、60°夹角错置和双圆柱并列绕流,分析了双柱绕流流态、旋涡脱落形态、升力、阻力系数随圆柱相对位置改变而变化的规律,并对比已有的试验成果和模拟成果,为桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供了基础数据。     

上游圆柱固定条件下串列三圆柱涡激振动响应和尾流特性

应用基于嵌入式迭代浸入边界法对雷诺数Re=100下串列三圆柱涡激振动进行了数值模拟,其中上游圆柱固定不动,中游和下游圆柱仅作横向振动。三圆柱间距相同,间距比L~*= 1.2、2.0和5.0,折合流速U_r=3.0-25.0,质量比m~*=2.0。研究发现,各间距比下,串列三圆柱存在强烈的相互作用,中游和下游圆柱的振幅明显大于单圆柱涡激振动的情况。随着L~*的增大,圆柱振幅整体上减小,除个别工况外,下游圆柱的振幅均大于中游圆柱的情况。当间距比较小(L~*=1.2、2.0)时,St数随折合流速的增加而缓慢减小;当间距比较大(L~*=5.0)时,St数几乎不再随折合流速变化,固定在St=0.15上。对尾流的研究发现,当振幅较小时,上游圆柱的剪切层将三圆柱包裹在一起,尾流与绕流时相似,表现为经典的卡门涡街;当振幅较大时,上游圆柱的旋涡/剪切层撞击/重附着于下游圆柱上,圆柱之间存在强烈的相互作用,尾流表现为并排的两列旋涡。     

串列梯形柱绕流水动力特性数值分析

该文采用数值模拟分析了雷诺数为150和间距比为3的串列双梯形柱绕流水动力特性。当梯形柱背流面与迎流面长度比为d/D=0、0.3和0.5时,双柱的上侧旋涡融合,在尾部形成了不对称的P+S泄涡模式,导致下游柱体承受的平均升力偏离零值。d/D=0.7的双梯形柱泄涡转变为2S模式,表现为上游柱体旋涡与下游柱体旋涡融合后交替脱落。双方柱(d/D=1)间隙以及下游方柱尾部均形成了准静态涡,剪切层有小幅摆动,但未卷曲形成旋涡。d/D=0和0.3时,上游柱体后方由于边界层再附着形成了次生涡,增大了局部压力。随着d/D的增大,上游柱体旋涡形成长度增长,双柱间隙流动趋于稳定,下游柱体前缘的横向速度脉动逐渐减弱,其后方的尾迹也趋于对称。上游柱体的遮蔽效应使其平均阻力大于下游柱体,而间隙流的不稳定性与边界层的交替再附着使得下游柱体升力偏大。双方柱绕流场处于拟稳定状态,其水动力系数远小于三棱柱和梯形柱。相较于双圆柱,三棱柱和梯形柱的边界层分离点靠前,增大了绕流的升阻力。     

旋转方式对并列双圆柱绕流特性的影响

基于层流模型,使用有限体积法对并列旋转双圆柱绕流进行数值模拟计算。首先计算雷诺数为100时静止单圆柱绕流与旋转单圆柱绕流的流动性能,并与参考文献结果进行比较,验证计算的可靠性;然后,分析了两圆柱在中心间距比为3.0时圆柱不同旋转方式与旋转速度比对双圆柱绕流流动性能的影响。结果表明:逆流向旋转比顺流向旋转的临界转速更小,对涡旋脱落的抑制效果更好;两种旋转方式下时均升力系数绝对值均随旋转速度比的增大而增大;逆流向旋转下时均阻力系数随旋转速度比的增大而减小,顺流向旋转下时均阻力系数随旋转速度比的增大先增大后减小。     

Flow characteristics of the two tandem wavy cylinders and drag reduction phenomenon

This paper presents an extensive numerical study of 3-D laminar flow around two wavy cylinders in the tandem arrangement for spacing ratios (L/Dm ) ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 at a low Reynolds number of 1...     

淹没垂直圆柱周围水流结构及紊流特性试验研究

淹没垂直圆柱虽在各工程领域中均有广泛的实际应用,但还没有关于其绕流场内水流结构及紊流特性的系统研究。通过室内变坡水槽试验对淹没垂直圆柱周围的瞬时流速场进行了精细测量,分析了淹没率对垂直圆柱上下游竖直对称面内三维流速、紊动强度等水力参数垂线分布的影响程度,研究了向下水流、马蹄形旋涡和尾流旋涡等典型水流结构的冲刷力随淹没率的变化规律,揭示了淹没率影响垂直圆柱周围清水局部冲刷的机理。研究结果表明:增大淹没率能够减小垂直圆柱出露于水体中的有效长度,使得垂直圆柱对水体的阻流和扰动作用减弱,也使得垂直圆柱上游迎水面处向下水流、柱周马蹄形旋涡和下游尾流旋涡的冲刷能力被有效削弱,降低了垂直圆柱周围床面泥沙被旋涡体系卷起后顺水流失的概率。     

Numerical simulation of low-Reynolds number flows past two tandem cylinders of different diameters

The flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different diameters was simulated using the finite volume method. The diameter of the downstream main cylinder （D） was kept constant, and the diameter of the upstream control cylinder （d） varied from 0.1D to D. The studied Reynolds numbers based on the diameter of the downstream main cylinder were 100 and 150. The gap between the control cylinder and the main cylinder （G） ranged from 0.1D to 4D. It is concluded that the gap-to-diameter ratio （G/D） and the diameter ratio between the two cylinders （d/D） have important effects on the drag and lift coefficients, pressure distributions around the cylinders, vortex shedding frequencies from the two cylinders, and flow characteristics.     

FLOW PAST TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN A SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT

Measurements were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) to analyze the modification of flow by the combined effects of the rotation and the Reynolds number on the flow past two rotating circular cylinders in a side-by-side-arrangement at a range of 425 ≤ Re≤ 1130,0 ≤α≤ 4(α is the rotational speed) at one gap spacing of T / d =1.11(T and d are the distance between the centers of two cylinders and the cylinder diameter,respectively).A new Immersed-Lattice Boltzmann Method(ILBM) scheme was used to st...     

Numerical simulation of flow past twin near-wall circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds number

Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step finite element method at a relatively low Reynolds number of Re = 200 for various dimensionless ratios of 0.25 ≤ G/D ≤ 2.0 and 1.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 4.0, where D is the cylinder diameter, L is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, and G is the gap between the lowest surface of the twin cylinders and the plane wall. The influences of G/D and L/D on the hydrodynamic force coefficients, Strouhal numbers, and vortex shedding modes were examined. Three different vortex shedding modes of the near wake were identified according to the numerical results. It was found that the hydrodynamic force coefficients and vortex shedding modes are quite different with respect to various combinations of G/D and L/D. For very small values of G/D, the vortex shedding is completely suppressed, resulting in the root mean square (RMS) values of drag and lift coefficients of both cylinders and the Strouhal number for the downstream cylinder being almost zero. The mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder is larger than that of the downstream cylinder for the same combination of G/D and L/D. It is also observed that change in the vortex shedding modes leads to a significant increase in the RMS values of drag and lift coefficients.     

并列旋转双圆柱流动特性的数值模拟

该文基于k - ε湍流模型,采用Galerkin有限元法对并列旋转双圆柱的绕流特性进行了数值模拟,计算的雷诺数为 1550.为了考查两圆柱旋转和间距的相互作用,文中采用三种间距比分别是T/D = 1.2,1.6和3.0 (T 为两圆柱中心之间的距离,D为圆柱直径) 和一系列不同的旋转速度比 (|α| ≤ 2).计算显示,当 |α| = 0,即圆柱不转动时,对应三种间距有三种典型的流型,单钝体流型对应小间距、偏流对应中等间距和对称流对应大间距;当 |α| 达到临界值时,涡脱落得到了有效的抑制,流动趋于稳定,升力系数和阻力系数的脉动值趋于零;平均升力系数和阻力系数随着 |α| 的增大分别增大和减小.     

Vortex shedding in the flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters

In this paper,the 3-D turbulent flow around two side-by-side circular cylinders of different diameters,at sub-critical Reynolds number(Re=3 900),is numerically simulated by the large eddy simulation(LES).The spacing ratios(T/D)between the two cylinders are considered in four cases(T/D=1.2,1.5,1.8 and 2.7)to study the vortex shedding and turbulent properties in the flow field.The main results are focused on the drag and lift coefficients,the vortex shedding frequency,the coherent structure,and the scale properties.It is shown that when T/D is equal to 1.2,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder is strongly suppressed by the small cylinder,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are smaller than those in other three cases.While T/D is equal to 1.5,the vortex shedding of the main cylinder can be improved,the drag and lift coefficients of the main cylinder are larger than those in other three cases.The empirical mode decomposition(EMD)method is applied to decompose the velocity signals traced by the LES.It is shown that there is a linear relationship between the mean period and the mode in the semi-log coordinates.The vortex shedding period of the main cylinder is consistent with the period of the restructured coherent structures quantitatively.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOW-INDUCED VIBRATION ON TWO CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN TANDEM ARRANGEMENT

Flow-induced vibration of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement elastically mounted with a massspring-damping system was studied by solving the primitive variable Navier Stokes equations incorporating the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian （ALE） method. The convection term and dissipation term were discretized using the third-order upwind compact scheme and the fourth-order central compact scheme, respectively. The typical spacing between the cylinders is 4 diameters, which is close to the critical value. The dynamic response of the vibrations on two cylinders with two-degreeof-freedom motion is different from that of an isolated cylin der, and also different from that of a cylinder vibrating in the wake of a fixed upstream one. Different flow patterns were found in the wake, and proved to be relevant to the discontinuities observed in the response of the oscillatory cylinders.     

亚临界雷诺数下波浪型圆柱绕流的数值模拟及减阻研究

采用大涡模拟数值方法对亚临界雷诺数Re=3000下波浪型圆柱的绕流现象进行研究分析。研究结果表明,波浪型圆柱的三维尾迹涡结构能得到很好的控制,它在轴向方向呈现周期性正负涡的交替分布特性。随着幅值的增大,波浪型圆柱表面的自由剪切层得以延展,使得旋涡的脱落发生在波浪型圆柱下游较远处,从而达到减阻的目的。波浪型圆柱与普通直圆柱相比,其幅值对平均阻力系数及脉动升力系数的减少及尾迹控制有着更重要的影响,最大减阻可达16%。