基于快速原型(RP)的产品创新设计

RP能自动、快速、准确地将设计师的思想物化为具有多功能的原型或直接制造出产品,因此具有较强灵活性的基于RP的产品创新设计就成为了当今设计领域的新一代产品开发模式.文中从功能、形式、设计信息传递,服务以及创新主体的角度出发,阐述了基于RP的产品创新设计是功能、形式、服务等多维交织的组合创新设计.     

基于原型理论的产品造型风格创新设计方法研究

目的 为解决产品造型风格创新设计过程中存在模糊性、不确定性和缺乏创新性等问题,提出应用原型理论思路从原型角度展开的产品造型风格创新设计。方法 首先基于感性意象对产品造型风格进行具象分类;其次运用设计形态分析结合离散度分析提取产品造型风格原型特征;再次通过联合分析获取产品造型要素权重从而确定关键风格原型特征;最后结合形状文法对产品造型风格进行创新设计。结果 以优雅型汽车前脸作为研究对象,设计方案在延续产品造型风格的基础上,继承和创新了部分形状特征,形成全新的汽车前脸。结论 设计方案的评估结果表明该方法在产品造型风格创新设计中的可行性和实用性。     

基于“原创设计”产品研发模式的研究

目的对我国制造产业的发展中存在的问题和现阶段工业设计介入到产业过程中的方式和方法进行系统分析。方法采用理论结合实践的研究方法,从理论层面研究产品原创设计的核心思想、基本方法、操作模式、实施条件和技术保护等关键性因素,从实际设计案例的角度研究产品原创设计的流程和实际价值。结论通过新型气尘分离系统的典型性案例,剖析产品原创设计的基本研究和实践过程,提出\"原创设计\"是产品研发的核心,是企业转型的关键,是产业升级的必由之路。     

基于原型理论和拓扑学的产品形态系列化设计研究

目的 解决产品系列化设计中存在的“流行风格缺乏”“形态主次模糊”“系列形态不连续”等问题,运用原型理论和拓扑学相关方法,从原型形态出发,基于拓扑性质和拓扑形变构建产品形态系列化设计方法。方法 首先运用语义差分法结合专家访谈获取具有流行风格意象的目标产品代表样本;其次通过拓扑定量分析法区分代表样本形态特征的主次;再次运用设计形态分析结合相似结果离散度分析提取形态原型;最后依据形态特征的主次,结合流行风格需求,运用不同的拓扑形变规则对产品形态原型进行系列化创新设计。结果 以拖拉机前脸作为验证对象,对该设计方法进行实例研究。结果表明,其能够使系列化设计方案既具有独特的流行风格又具备识别性、连续性的外观形态。结论 在产品形态系列化设计中,挖掘满足用户流行风格需求的形态原型,获取系列化产品的识别性特征,进而结合拓扑形变方法,解决了产品系列化设计的实际问题,为产品形态系列化提供普适有效的借鉴思路及设计方法。     

交互式产品原型设计研究

分析了交互式产品原型的概念和性质,提出交互式产品原型应该是一种"有机原型",是一种可以进行情感和行为交互的原型.其设计过程是一个系统的设计过程,包括:PACT分析、概念确定和最终方案确定3个阶段.     

旅游文化产品创新设计方法研究

目的解决旅游文化产品设计的创新问题。方法分析现有旅游文化产品设计的不足,解读成功案例的创新之处,以产品设计中嫁接、组合、重塑和变异等创新方法为基础,结合旅游产品的传承性、民族性、地域性等特点,从产品的功能、技术、外观以及理念等方面论述适合旅游文化产品开发的创新方法。结论将旅游文化产品的设计研发引向保护、传承和发展创新相结合的道路。     

原型体系的研究与产品族的设计方法探析

侧重于产品原型体系的研究,阐述了原型体系建立的原则以及提取的方法,对产品族的再设计提出了建议、指导;为以后中型企业产品开发提供有价值的帮助,并且提出找准企业产品的市场定位,坚持特色发展的观点.并且通过完整的设计实例,验证理论的科学性.     

基于生活禅理念的佛教旅游产品创新设计

目的探究生活禅理念在佛教旅游产品中的设计应用,旨在为产品的创新设计提供新的思路和方法。方法以对生活禅的深度解读为理论基础,从生活禅的内涵出发,提出开发生活禅主题的旅游产品,并衍生出系统化、多样化的产品体系,以生活禅的美学意蕴和乐观智慧提升设计内涵之\"境\",并对生活禅符号元素的提炼与跨界融合的设计方法做归纳总结和探索研究。结论生活禅理念的深度挖掘可以提高佛教旅游产品的功能性、情感性和附加值,对佛教旅游产品的创新设计具有指导意义。     

基于心象理论的旅游文化产品设计

目的致力于开发、设计能够产生\"心象共鸣\"的旅游文化产品,使消费者使用旅游文化产品时能达到\"共鸣式\"的体验。方法基于认知心理学心象,将心象思维过程划分为5个步骤,分别是\"知象\"、\"取象\"、\"立象\"、\"审象\"、\"拟象\",其中知象和取象实为信息获取,立象和审象为信息加工,拟象则为信息转换。基于心象理论的产品创新设计,是将鲜明生动的遗觉表象变为可采用的设计素材,通过引发人脑中的记忆表象,抽象概括出笼统的心象特征,最后合理把握心象特征并将其分解、综合、移植到新的对象上的设计方法和指导思路。结论心象有助于激发人们的情感反应,基于心象理论设计的旅游文化产品能唤起人们对于旅游地的情感记忆,拓展了旅游文化产品设计与心象理论结合的理论空间。     

物联网环境下的智能产品原型设计研究

目的研究在物联网环境下快速、低成本设计智能产品原型的方法。方法阐述了物联网环境下智能产品的特征是具有敏锐的感知能力、智能的处理能力和自然的交互方式,根据原型的概念及其在设计中的作用,分析了物联网环境下智能产品原型的特征和意义。结论提出了通过开源平台和物联网应用平台快速、低成本地构建智能产品原型的方法。通过开源平台和物联网应用平台构建智能产品原型,能够帮助设计师更加有效地对智能产品的设计方案进行表达、探索、测试和评估。     

Firm size and compositions of R&D expenditures: evidence from a panel of R&D performing manufacturing firms

The effect of firm size on diverse compositions of R&D expenditures is analysed in detail using firm-level data on the Korean manufacturing sector. On the grounds that each type of R&D activity differs in terms of salability in disembodied form and growth potential due to innovation, a distinction between product vs. process, and new vs. incremental R&D is made. Empirical tests show that the firm size is significantly associated with both the new and incremental R&D. Moreover, firm size is found to be significantly associated with other types of R&D compositions such as the share of R&D devoted to incremental innovation and multidimensional combinations of product, process, new and incremental R&D. These findings support the idea that large firms possess innovative advantages over smaller firms and firm size is an important determinant for firms’ heterogeneous R&D activities. We also discuss the limitations and the implications of the findings.     

Do systemic innovation intermediaries broaden horizons? A proximity perspective on R&D partnership formation

ABSTRACT

As systemic innovation intermediaries (SII) orchestrate interactions between innovative actors, they might alleviate the constraints of proximity effects on R&D partnership formation. We test this for existing and new R&D projects established under the Dutch Topconsortia for Knowledge and Innovation. Regression results show that partnerships between firms belonging to the same SII are less sensitive to cognitive proximity, suggesting that the intermediaries facilitate uncommon distant collaboration. At the same time, we find that SII may strengthen social proximity among partners. The influence of organisational proximity seems independent of SII, while geographic proximity loses relevance after the introduction of the intermediaries. SII thus seem to create bridges between distant firms that otherwise may not have collaborated together, while also enhancing the risk of excessive in-group thinking. We conclude with research and policy implications.     

The Catalysing Role of In-House R&D in Fostering Complementarity Among Innovative Inputs

While several studies have investigated the relationship between internal and external sources of innovation, no clear-cut result has emerged so far, suggesting the possibility that the nature of such interaction—far from being an absolute property of the innovative process—may instead be a relative one, contingent upon the nature and the level of innovative inputs a firm has invested in. Using microdata from the third Italian Community Innovation Survey, we test under what conditions the nature of the interactions between four different innovative inputs (internal and external R&D, embodied and disembodied technological acquisition) is one of complementarity or substitutability. Two are the main findings of our study: (i) internal R&D and embodied technological acquisitions turn out to be complementary only after a minimum threshold of in-house R&D expenditure has been overcome, being substitutive otherwise; (ii) investing in internal R&D also affects the nature of the relationships between alternative external sources of innovation, whose interaction proves to be complementary only for firms that invest in internal R&D.     

Driving factors for service providers to participate in standardization: Insights from the Netherlands

The paper aims to identify factors influencing the service providers' decision to participate in formal standardization at national standards bodies. The paper develops firm- and industry-specific hypotheses and tests them based on a sample of 5,812 Dutch service providers of which 174 actively participated in the Dutch standards body NEN. Our results reveal that company size, export activities, internal R&D and innovation activities are positively related to the service provider's likelihood to participate in formal standardization. Additionally, the service industry and the service type are related to the propensity to standardize. The analysis is limited to Dutch companies' involvement at the Dutch standards body and does not consider their engagement in standardization consortia. The paper combines a large and representative sample of service companies with information about service companies' engagement in standardization for the first time. The findings reveal specific characteristics of service companies active in standardization, which allow the derivation of management and policy implications.     

A Dynamic Comparative Analysis of International Innovation Networks in Emerging Market MNCs

This paper compares the international innovation strategies of emerging market MNCs (EMNCs) with those of developed country MNCs (DMNCs). More specifically, we analyze the patent outcomes related to the use of international innovation networks (IINs) of EMNCs in developed markets compared with those of DMNCs in emerging markets. We explore the convergence and volatility patterns in patent generation within these IINs, considering the use of overseas R&D affiliates and the outcomes of interactions between foreign R&D affiliates and home headquarters for generating patents over a 20-year period. Our findings are broadly supportive of the idea that the trends in the volume and volatility of patents generated from the underlying IINs used by EMNCs are converging with those of DMNCs. This is in line with the predictions of a number of current international business theories regarding EMNC international expansion.     

How Similar is Innovation in German,Italian and Spanish Medium-Technology Sectors? Implications for the Sectoral Systems of Innovation and Distance-to-the-Frontier Perspectives

This study analyzes innovation activities in medium-technology sectors in Germany, Italy and Spain and checks whether cross-country similarities or differences prevail. The results have important implications for the Sectoral Systems of Innovation and the Distance-to-the-Frontier frameworks. While the Sectoral Systems of Innovation predicts the existence of technology-related similarities in innovative patterns in the same sectors across countries, the Distance-to-the Frontier suggests the existence of relevant differences related with the level of technological development of each national sector. Using Community Innovation Survey data and adapting an econometric strategy first devised by Griffith, Huergo, Mairesse and Peters [Innovation and Productivity Across four European Countries, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 22(4), 483–498, 2006], I test whether similarities or differences prevail across country in different features of innovation activity. The results show that relevant differences between the three countries exist in the intensity of R&D activities and in the economic impact of different types of innovations, providing support to the Distance-to-the-Frontier hypothesis. On the contrary, cross-country similarities emerge among the sources of knowledge used to develop innovations, in line with the Sectoral Systems of Innovation framework. The results highlight the importance to take into account both frameworks for a useful analysis of innovation within sectors and across countries.