基于线性流程的企业设计项目管理研究

目的 在设计管理理论的基础上细化研究企业设计管理实践内容和具体方式,基于企业设计项目的线性流程特性,将成熟的设计管理方法引入企业产品设计开发领域。方法 以设计项目开展流程为切入点,分析当前企业设计管理主要环节存在的问题。结论 目前设计管理范围从单个部门的设计任务管理演变为跨职能部门的多专业团队设计管理,以基于流程的设计项目为载体,承载企业设计战略的实现。当前产品市场更新速度快,产品设计趋于系统化工程,设计项目因为周期、成本的限制而始终有限投入,对于如何在设计周期内合理调配软、硬件设计资源,提高设计效率、控制各种成本消耗、采用先进的设计项目管理模式显得十分迫切,对设计项目管理在企业产品开发中的应用提出若干建议。     

基于用户研究的儿童包创新设计研究

目的将用户为中心的设计理念及研究方法扩展到儿童产品领域,关注幼儿群体顺应语境变化的潜在需求,以设计实践案例验证用户研究理论。方法基于以用户为中心的优化流程,采用用户访谈、实地观察、角色构建、情境演绎等用户研究的典型流程与方法,获取用户行为特性、认知心理、知觉特征等。结论以用户需求为导向,结合儿童包产品的特征,提炼出儿童包产品研发的相关原则及需求点,输出设计原型,为相关产品设计提供参考。     

基于快速反应的多品种小批量产品参数化实体自动生成系统

提出基于快速反应的多品种、小批量产品设计方法,并构建此类型产品设计的一般流程.该设计方法通过引导性顾客参与设计理念,以客户需求为最终归宿,将模块化、参数化等设计手段相融合,提高新产品的研发效率,降低研发成本,能够满足多品种、小批量产品制造企业快速响应顾客个性化的要求,有效地缓解顾客个性化需求与产品设计研发周期长的矛盾;最后,以一个实际案例佐证该设计方法的可行性.     

产品设计中的原型与注意力关联性研究

目的 从用户认知体验视角出发,探究原型理论与注意力理论对设计的影响,强化产品的识别性和自明性,提高用户体验的情感价值,为产品创新研究提供新的设计方法。方法 通过分析原型理论与注意力理论在用户认知过程中的作用,明确了原型在认知过程中具有启发作用,更易于提高产品设计的注意力。通过将注意力曲线模型中“刺激度”与“注意力”的适度特征转化成设计策略,构建了原型与注意力关联关系模型。结论 设计者与用户之间以产品为媒介,存在产品设计信息的“编码-解码”认知特点,产品设计过程中,运用原型理论与注意力理论相融合的创新设计方法,能更高效地利用注意力资源,满足用户个性化需求,提升产品的情感体验,有助于企业形成差异化的产品风格特征,提升企业产品竞争力。     

基于RIR-MOO与可拓符号学的茶山瑶族服饰元素家具产品设计研究

目的 拓展茶山瑶族服饰元素在现代家具中的应用途径,保护和传承茶山瑶族传统服饰文化。将RIR-MOO(相对重要性等级“多目标优化”)的产品优化设计逻辑跨界融合至家具产品设计中,使家具产品设计与传统民族文化深度融合。方法 首先基于RIR-MOO逻辑流程筛选用户关键性需求,计算用户需求与设计目标的关联度,从而确定家具产品设计目标,其次运用可拓符号学理论,构建茶山瑶族服饰元素特征图库,进而利用可拓基元变换将原始元素符号转换为设计元素符号,最终生成家具产品设计方案。结果 结合具体的设计案例实践,详细阐述了该设计流程的可实践性。结论 基于RIR-MOO与可拓符号学的茶山瑶族服饰元素家具产品设计方法研究,丰富了关于茶山瑶族传统服饰文化的理论研究。将茶山瑶服饰元素融入家具产品设计,彰显了民族文化与现代家居环境的契合性,注重特定设计与人居环境的恰当融合,为基于民族传统服饰文化的家具产品创意设计提供了有效的设计思路与方法参考。     

基于概念合成认知理论的产品设计方法研究

目的研究概念合成理论在构建产品设计概念过程中的操作方法和模式。方法以概念合成理论的基本理论构架为基础,研究了概念合成理论通过心理空间的构建、映射与合成生成新概念的认知思维过程。结果总结出基于概念合成理论的产品设计流程,分为界定设计情境、寻找创意来源、与目标设计物匹配构建设计概念、概念具体化4个阶段。结论藉由武汉兴图科技会议宝造型设计具体案例的执行进行验证,以期发展成为一种产品设计思维方法。     

基于原型驱动的长沙窑创意产品设计

目的探索原型理论对长沙窑创意产品设计的影响,旨在为文化创意产品设计提供新的思路和方法。方法引入"原型"这一概念,并结合原型驱动的长沙窑创意设计实践,对原型理论及设计流程进行具体解析。结论通过长沙窑创意产品设计实践,验证了原型驱动这一设计方法的有效性,这将对推进文化创意和设计服务与相关产业融合发展作出贡献,有助于提高国家文化软实力和产业竞争力。     

基于积极体验的参数化产品设计模型

目的 构建一种基于积极体验的参数化产品设计模型.方法 首先,以文献研究为基础,通过理论分析法,界定积极体验与参数化产品设计概念与现状;其次,以积极体验为依据,以参数化设计流程为基础,构建基于积极体验的参数化产品设计的一般框架;接下来,通过设计实践法,对该设计框架进行设计实践;最后,从积极界定、图像生成、参数设计与方案产出的角度,分析并讨论设计结果.结论 提出了一种基于积极体验的参数化产品设计模型,包括积极界定、图像生成、参数设计、方案产出四部分,即通过积极界定,提取产品背后的积极意义;通过图像生成,抽象积极要素并可视化肌理;通过参数设计,让用户参与调整产品参数;通过3D打印技术产出设计结果.这有助于设计师利用该参数化产品设计框架提升用户的积极体验,乃至主观幸福感.     

数字游戏健身椅开发设计研究

结合实际产品研发项目,从前期设计策略和概念的分析、人机工程学和人类行为心理学的合理应用等方面,透彻的阐述基于数字化时代、大审美经济和大审美社会背景下,游戏健身产品设计研发的概念创意及理论方法。     

工程机械工业设计及研究

目的 完善工程机械工业设计的理论研究与项目实践,提供一定的学科理论参考,促进工程机械领域的工业设计发展。方法 通过国内外的相关文献研究,阐述了工程机械工业设计与研究的相关概念及国内外工程机械的发展背景,分析了工程机械工业设计在品牌识别、外观造型、色彩涂装、人机工学等方面设计与研究的现状。结论 基于团队工程机械产品设计及研究的多年经验积累,总结了工程机械工业设计流程与设计方法,论述了目标导向设计的第一定律和第二定律,系统地探讨了工程机械品牌的构建理论。针对当下的时代背景,提出了工程机械工业设计及研究的热点和发展趋势。     

Linking management control system with product development and process decisions to cope with environment complexity

In this study, we report the results of a large-scale survey study on business strategy and innovations conducted in China in November 2002. We focus on the impact of environmental complexity on the choice of management control systems and the effects of management control systems on product development and process decisions. Our findings provide some valuable insights to strategic change. When the pressure for change comes from the external environment, the strategic control approach is usually chosen to cope with environmental complexity. Strategic control focuses on the process of benchmarking a firm's strategic and operational decisions with that of their competitor's. Additionally, strategic control emphasises R&D and new product development, and aligns manufacturing strategy with corporate objectives. This approach has a long-term impact on a firm's position in the market place. When the pressure for change comes from the inside of an organisation and the company is more interested in maintaining its current market position, financial control approach is usually chosen to cope with environment complexity. Financial control approach focuses on incremental improvement in the manufacturing process and short-term financial performance. This approach provides risk-averse benefits to the company.     

A Business Intelligence Approach to Monitoring and Trend Analysis of National R&D Indicators

The economic growth and competitiveness of countries is strongly influenced by their national research and development (R&D) systems. Hence, national R&D managers must make appropriate decisions to develop their R&D systems. For this purpose, an integrated view on the dimensions of national R&D systems is much needed. Due to the distribution of relevant data sources for national, R&D indicators and the complexity of national R&D systems, establishing an integrated view is challenging. In this article, we propose a business intelligence architecture to monitor, analyze, and forecast national, R&D indicators. Data for these indicators are integrated from heterogeneous data sources. In a case study focusing on Iranian R&D indicators, a prototype system is designed and implemented to evaluate its effectiveness in practice. After monitoring the indicators using online analytical processing, trends for the indicators across 11 years are forecasted using time series analysis models. The prototype system provides an integrated view of the Iranian R&D system, so that national R&D managers can use the developed system for monitoring and trend analysis of Iranian R&D indicators. As a result of the analysis of these trends, implications and recommendations for the future of the Iranian R&D system are presented.     

Fusion of technology management and financing management - Amazon's transformative endeavor by orchestrating techno-financing systems

Amazon became the world R&D leader in 2017 by rapidly increasing R&D investment. Its R&D investment in 2017 was double that of 2015, 5 times that of 2012, and 10 times that of 2011. This rapid increase continued in 2018, and Amazon accomplished a skyrocketing increase in its market capitalization, closing to being the world's biggest company.Such a rapid increase in R&D and subsequent market value has raised questions about how to conduct R&D and secure a large amount of funds needed for high-risk investments. Amazon has provided hypothetical answers to both of these questions.Amazon has been conducting innovative R&D to transform routine or periodic alterations into significant improvements during the R&D process and claiming huge expenses for such transformation activities as expenses for R&D.The company's ample free cash flow generated by sophisticated cash conversion cycle (CCC) management endorsed a large amount of investment for such a high-risk strategy.Increased R&D induced business advancement and lean cost structure construction leading to a further increase in cash flow has stimulated interactions between vendors, customers, and Amazon via the Amazon marketplace. Activated interaction-accelerated CCC advancement, a subsequent free cash flow increase, and user-driven innovation have thus simultaneously accelerated R&D transformation.All of these components - R&D transformation and technopreneurial strategy consisting of technology management, as well as marketplace development and CCC-driven cash flow generation consisting of financing management - function together as a consolidated sophisticated machine. Thus, Amazon has succeeded in fusing technology management and financing management by orchestrating all techno-financing systems.In light of increasing concerns regarding R&D expansion without the dilemma of a productivity decline that most digital economies are now confronting, this paper demonstrates the above hypothetical answers.Following the authors' preceding analysis of Amazon's unique technology management toward a new concept of R&D in the digital economy, an intensive empirical analysis focusing on the development trajectory of Amazon's techno-financing system over the last two decades was conducted.An insightful suggestion as to neo-open innovation that fuses technology management and financing management is thus provided.     

Fast-Cycle Product Development

ABSTRACT

In today's highly competitive industrial environment, those who are slow in bringing new products to market often lose out to those with a more agile development process. Developing products quickly while maintaining cost and quality demands a distinctive management approach that integrates marketing, engineering, manufacturing, and other activities. This article discusses the importance of development speed relative to the product's cost, performance, and development expense, and it suggests ways in which a company can cut development time. Topics covered include top management involvement; product objectives and complexity, team composition and leadership; communication vehicles, including the product specification; prototyping and testing; and control systems, such as design reviews.     

融合Kano-MD-SG的气体安全检测仪设计研究

目的 解决气体安全检测仪研发中市场需求差异化高、研发投入有限等问题。方法 首先,采用改进的Kano模型对研发人员和用户进行需求调研,确定设计需求;其次,基于模块化设计理念,确立功能与造型之间的对应关系,提出了“基础单元+外壳造型”的开发策略;最后,结合材料与工艺,运用形状文法生成大量造型方案,优选并确定最终方案。结果 构建集成了Kano模型、模块化设计、形状文法的产品创新设计方法,准确获得了研发需求,完成了气体安全检测仪的创新设计。结论 该创新设计方法有效解决了气体安全检测仪研发中的现实问题,为安全装备类产品提供了多元化设计思路。     

Top management team’s innovation-related characteristics and the firm’s explorative R&D: an analysis based on patent data

This study investigates the relationship between characteristics of the firm’s top management team (TMT) and its research and development (R&D) activities. Specifically, this research analyzes how observable characteristics of the TMT, such as functional experiences or educational background, and average tenure affect the firm’s proportion of explorative R&D activities. From the perspective of the upper-echelon theory, we hypothesize that the TMT’s functional experiences with R&D or science or engineering educational backgrounds increase the firm’s tendency towards explorative R&D. Moreover, we propose that the average tenure of TMT members with innovation-related experiences would have a positive moderation effects on these relationships. The hypotheses are tested using a dataset containing biographical information of the TMT members, financial, and patent data of 89 firms in U.S. high-tech industries from 2006 to 2009. Firm’s explorative R&D activities are analyzed using data on patent citations, patent classes, and non-patent references. The empirical analysis shows that the top managers’ educational background in science or engineering as well as their previous functional experiences with R&D have a positive effect on the firm’s explorative innovation activities. We also find that the size of these effects increases with a longer tenure of these TMT members. Our findings provide implications related to the effects of organizational characteristics on the establishment of a R&D strategy and highlight the role of TMT members with innovative experiences in directing a firm’s R&D activities and outcomes.     

基于CiteSpace的国内外参与式设计研究现状比较分析

目的 旨在比较在国内外参与式设计研究的发展及趋势,为我国未来参与式设计发展方向提供参照。方法 基于CNKI和Web of Science数据库中参与式设计相关文献资料,利用CiteSpace中的类别分析、机构分析、     

Metal matrix composites for industrial application

The present status of Metal Matrix Composite materials Research & Development (R&D) and industrial exploitation is summarised. Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) are defined and described and their value to the designer is discussed in the context of their technical strengths and weaknesses. The driving force for the present high level of investment in MMC R&D worldwide is discussed and the economic advantages of collaborative development initiatives are analysed. The present UK industrial collaborative MMC R&D programme is described and set in the context of the scope and objectives of major development programmes in the US, Japan and Europe.     

Effect of R&D product and process expenditures on new product introductions

This study examines the relationship between the introduction of new products and R&D process and product expenditures of 15 industries. The objective is to determine the degree to which product and process R&D expenditures, uniquely or jointly, contribute to the development of new products. The findings suggest that concurrent R&D expenditures on products and processes lead to higher R&D output, as measured by new product announcements, than R&D expenditures on products or processes alone. As a by-product, the analysis clearly shows that the relationship between the number of new products introduced and product and process R&D expenditures can be represented by a function resembling the Cobb-Douglas production function     

Assessing the Effects of International Trade on Private R&D Expenditures in the Food Processing Sector

This study empirically investigates the effects of imports and exports on private research and development (R&D) expenditures in the food processing sector. An analytical framework discussing the various effects of international trade on R&D activities is presented. This is followed by an empirical analysis that uses a dynamic empirical specification for current R&D expenditures and for a cumulative measure of R&D stock. The empirical investigation is applied to a panel dataset covering Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's countries. The empirical results show that increases in import intensity levels induce reductions in private R&D expenditures whereas increases in export intensity levels promote larger private R&D expenditures. These outcomes imply that the R&D-enhancing effects of exports are countered by the R&D-reducing effects of imports.