内可逆四热源制冷系统的性能分析和优化

在恒温热源条件下内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的基础上 ,考虑传热服从线性唯象定律 ,导出了循环的制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系和最大制冷率及相应的制冷系数 ;并通过数值计算 ,得出循环参数对循环的制冷率、制冷系数的影响。     

回热式布雷顿制冷循环的性能优化

基于回热式不可逆布雷顿制冷循环模型,导出循环的制冷率、性能系数和输入功率等一些重要性能参数的一般表达式及制冷率和性能系数之间优化关系所满足的方程,研究回热和各种不可逆性对其优化性能的影响,讨论了循环的优化运行区间及其性能界限,确定了最佳传热面积。通过数值计算分析了设计参数对循环的制冷率、性能系数和输入功率的影响。     

吸收式制冷循环的最佳热力系数与制冷率间的关系

本文首先把吸收式制冷循环抽象为一个卡诺热机驱动卡诺制冷机的三热源制冷循环,然后根据卡诺热机的最佳效率与供热率间的关系,以及卡诺制冷机的最佳制冷系数与制冷率间的关系,导出吸收式制冷循环工作于不可逆传热的情况下,最佳热力系数与制冷率间的关系。由此,给出最大制冷率和最大制冷率时的热力系数,并对其它最优性能作了简要讨论。     

热漏对定常态流联合制冷循环最优性能的影响

研究热漏对联合制冷循环最优性能的影响，导出存在热阻和热源间热漏损失时由两个定常态流卡诺制冷机构成的联合制冷循环的最佳制冷率、制冷系数关系，并得到最大制冷系数及其相应的制冷率。给出了数值算例     

变温热源不可逆布雷顿制冷循环制冷率和制冷系数优化

用有限时间热力学方法分析变温热源不可逆简单布雷顿制冷循环的特性,分别以制冷率和制冷系数为优化目标,优化了循环中换热器的热导分配以及工质和热源间的热容率匹配,并采用数值计算分析了压比、换热器总热导、压缩机和膨胀机效率、工质热容率等参数对最优制冷率和制冷系数的影响特点.所得结果对工程制冷系统设计有一定的指导意义.     

回热式空气制冷循环的有限时间热力学分析

导出存在热阻和不可逆压缩、膨胀损失的恒温热源回热式空气制冷循环的制冷率和制冷系数与循环压比间的解析式。     

不可逆联合制冷循环的重要设计参数

建立一类存在热阻，热漏和内部耗散的定常流态联合制冷机循环模型，并研究其性能优化，导出制冷系数，制冷率基本优化关系和最大制冷系数及其相应的制冷率，给出了传热面积的最佳值工质最佳工作温度。所得结果适用于由任意个制冷机串接而成的联合制冷循环。     

不可逆四热源制冷循环的优化性能

研究传热遵从线性唯象律的不可逆四热源制冷循环的优化性能,导出循环的基本优化关系和最大制冷率及其相应的制冷系数.揭示了四热源制冷循环等效于一个三热源制冷循环,而且还可使四热源制冷循环转化为一个三热源制冷循环而获得更优的制冷效果.     

不可逆卡诺制冷机的最佳制冷率,制冷系数特性

在考虑制冷剂与热源间热阻损失的内可逆卡诺制冷机模型基础上，用一常数项表示热漏损失，用一常系数项表示循环中除热阻和热漏外的其余不可逆性（如摩擦、涡流、非平衡等），提出了一个新的不可逆制冷机模型。导出了其最佳制冷率、制冷系数关系和最大制冷系数及其相应的制冷率。     

不可逆空气制冷循环的制冷率和制冷系数优化

用有限时间热力学方法分析恒温热源不可逆空气制冷循环特性 ,在总热导率一定的条件下 ,研究最优制冷率、制冷系数时热导率的最优分配 ,并分析了各种参数对循环特性的影响 ,所得结果对工程制冷系统设计有一定的指导意义。     

阀门控制的金属氢化物制冷系统的热力学分析

建立了阀门控制的金属氢化物制冷系统的动态性能模型,针对阀门控制的金属氢化物制冷系统,分析了热源温度、反应器的比热、氢化物与反应器质量比、传热系数等对系统动态性能的影响。结果表明：中温热源温度的增高将会降低COP、炯效率和制冷率;反应器的比热容对COP、炯效率和制冷率影响较小;增加氢化物与反应器质量比时COP、炯效率将增加,但制冷率将下降;增加传热流体与反应床表面的传热系数将会较明显提高COP、炯效率和制冷率。根据计算结果提出了改善系统动态性能的措施。     

普适定常流内可逆热泵循环模型的有限时间火用经济性能优化

用有限时间热力学理论分析了由一个定热容吸热过程、两个定热容放热过程和两个绝热过程组成的一类普适内可逆热泵循环模型的火用经济性能,导出了循环利润率、供热系数与温度比的关系式,由数值计算得到了利润率和供热系数的特性关系。所得结果包含了内可逆Carnot循环、Otto循环、Diesel循环、Dual循环、Atkinson循环和Brayton循环的有限时间火用经济性能。     

A steady and quasi-steady state analysis on the CO2 hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system

This article contains the steady and quasi-steady state analysis on a CO₂ hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system for warm climates. The hybrid system uses a combination of ambient air and ground boreholes as a heat sink for the cooling mode, while only the ground boreholes are used as a heat source in the heating mode. The steady state analysis suggests that the optimal control strategy of gas cooler pressure for a CO₂ hybrid transcritical cycle is based on the optimal cooling COP value and the ratio of heat rejected to ambient air. This optimal control strategy is important for decreasing the annual ground thermal imbalance performance of ground boreholes. In addition, the quasi-steady state model of a CO₂ hybrid ground-coupled heat pumping system is constructed for the hourly simulation with different boundary conditions. Simulation results show the details of the system operating characteristics both for heating and cooling modes and the COP values with different operating and design conditions are presented.     

Effect of heat transfer on the performance of thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric refrigerator system

A model of thermoelectric generator-driven thermoelectric refrigerator with external heat transfer is proposed. The performance of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device obeying Newton’s heat transfer law is analyzed using the combination of finite time thermodynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Two analytical formulae for cooling load vs. working electrical current, and the coefficient of performance (COP) vs. working electrical current, are derived. For a fixed total heat transfer surface area of four heat exchangers, the allocations of the heat transfer surface area among the four heat exchangers are optimized for maximizing the cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device. For a fixed total number of thermoelectric elements, the ratio of number of thermoelectric elements of the generator to the total number of thermoelectric elements is also optimized for maximizing both the cooling load and the COP of the combined thermoelectric refrigerator device. The influences of thermoelectric element allocation and heat transfer area allocation are analyzed by detailed numerical examples. Optimum working electrical current for maximum cooling load and COP at different total number of thermoelectric elements and different total heat transfer area are obtained, respectively.     

传热不可逆回热式布雷顿制冷机分析

用有限时间热力学方法分析实际隐态制冷装置性能，导出了恒温和变温热源条件下实际闭式回热式布雷顿制冷循环制冷率与压力比和制冷系数与压力比之间的解析关系。考虑了不可逆性包括高，低温侧换热器和回热器的不可逆传热损失，压缩机和膨胀机中的非等熵压缩和膨胀损失，以及管路系统中的压力损失，通过优化两个换热器和回热器之间的热导率分配或传热面积分配可得循环最优性能，由数值算例给出了各项损失对循环制冷率和制冷系数的影响。     

A study on the performance of multi-stage condensation heat pumpsEtude sur la performance des pompes à chaleur à condensation en plusieurs étages

In this study, computer simulation programs were developed for multi-stage condensation heat pumps and their performance was examined for CFC11, HCFC123, HCFC141b under the same condition. The results showed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of an optimized ‘non-split type’ three-stage condensation heat pump was 25–42% higher than that of a conventional single-stage heat pump. The increase in COP differed among the fluids examined. The improvement in COP was due largely to the decrease in average temperature difference between the refrigerant and water in the condensers, which resulted in a decrease in thermodynamic irreversibility. For the three-stage heat pump, the highest COP was achieved when the total condenser area was evenly distributed to the three condensers. For the two-stage heat pump, however, the optimum distribution of total condenser area varied with working fluids. For the three-stage system, splitting the condenser cooling water for the use of intermediate and high pressure subcoolers helped increase the COP further. When the individual cooling water for the intermediate and high pressure subcoolers was roughly 10% of the total condenser cooling water, the optimum COP was achieved showing an additional 11% increase in COP as compared to that of the ‘non-split type’ for the three-stage heat pump system.     

Influence of stack geometry on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerator

The work reported in this paper is focused on the performance of a thermoacoustic refrigerator under various operating conditions. The experiments were conducted with various stack geometries fabricated with epoxy glass and Mylar material. Four stacks with different pore sizes are used to evaluate the performance of the refrigerator. Stack 1 has parallel plates of Mylar material 0.12 mm thick spaced 0.36 mm apart. Stacks 2, 3 and 4 are made of epoxy glass with pores of circular cross-section having 1, 2 and 3 mm diameter, respectively. The entire resonator system was constructed from aluminium material coated with polyurethane material from inside to reduce conduction heat losses. Helium gas was used as a working fluid. The experiments were conducted with different drive ratios ranging from 1.6% to 2% with varying cooling load from 2 to 10 W. For the experiments, operating frequencies from 200 to 600 Hz with mean pressure varying from 2 to 10 bar in steps of 2 bar each were considered. The temperatures of the hot end and cold end of the heat exchangers were recorded using RTDs and a data acquisition system under various operating conditions. The coefficient of performance (COP) and relative COP (COPR) are evaluated. Results show that COP of the refrigerator rises with increase of cooling load and decreases at higher drive ratio. It was also observed that the temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of the stack is higher at 2 W cooling load for 400 Hz operating frequency. The temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of the stack was observed to be 19.4, 17.2, 14 and 12.4°C for stacks 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, for 10 bar mean pressure and 2 W cooling load. The temperature difference and COP of the parallel plate stack are better compared with other stack geometries.     

Experimental studies on air-cooled NH3-H2O based modified gax absorption cooling system

An experimental investigation on the performance of an air-cooled modified generator absorber heat exchange (GAX) absorption cooling system has been carried out and presented in this paper. The conventional system is modified by incorporating high pressure GAX, low pressure GAX, a solution cooler and an additional solution heat exchanger to reduce the heat input to the system. The system is designed for a cooling capacity of 10.5 kW using ammonia-water (NH₃-H₂O) as the working fluid. The performance of the system in terms of the circulation ratio, internal heat recovery and coefficient of performance (COP) has been obtained. The system is capable of producing a low evaporator temperature of −5 °C, at a sink temperature of 35 °C, under no load conditions. The results indicate that at a generator and evaporator temperature of 120 °C and 2 °C respectively, the system delivers a maximum cooling capacity of about 9.5 kW with a fuel and total COP of 0.61 and 0.57 respectively.     

采用喷水螺杆式水蒸气压缩机的高温热泵设计及性能分析

针对高温热泵的工业需求,设计并分析以水为介质的闭式高温热泵系统,系统引入喷水螺杆式水蒸气压缩机,利用喷水实现压缩机排气为饱和状态,满足工业应用高温升(高压比)的技术要求的同时,克服高排气温度会导致的机械及安全问题。计算结果表明:系统在蒸发温度为90℃,冷凝温度为100℃时,COP高达31.48,压缩机喷水注入比为0.019;蒸发温度为75℃,冷凝温度为100℃工况下,系统COP为5.99,对应的压缩机压比为7,注入比为0.103;压缩机比功率随压缩机压比升高而增加,增加幅度随蒸发温度的升高而增大;系统COP随注入水温度的升高而降低,但变化趋势并不大。