优质小麦体细胞杂种中一种新的HMW麦谷蛋白亚基基因cDNA的克隆和测序

研究了在小麦(Triticun acetivum L．)与高冰草(Agropyron elngatum(Host)Neviski)不对称体细胞杂种优质株系Ⅱ-1．3中出现的迁移率与优质小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)一致的1B16亚基,通过Westem blot杂交证明了该亚基与普通小麦的1By16亚基有很强的杂交信号。依据Ⅱ-1-3中类似16亚基N端15个氨基酸序列设计简并引物,通过RT．PCR扩增Ⅱ-1—3 F4中未成熟胚种子总RNA,得到三条特异带(2．3、2．2、2．11kb),对其中分子量最大的一条2．3kb带谱进行了克隆、测序。该序列(p16BL-1,测序编号为473)长2298bp,包括2137bp的编码区和161bp的3’非编码区。同源性分析发现,该片段与普通小麦HMW Glu-IR、Glu1BY9同源性较高。利用RNA二级结构预测软件对该片段、GlulR和GlulBy9进行预测表明,所分离的基因片段为一新的HMW-麦谷蛋白基因。该片段所编码的氨基酸序列中,N端的99个氨基酸和C端的42个氨基酸均为典型的HMW麦谷蛋白保守区。中间重复区中6肽重复22个,9肽重复7个。通过对其蛋白质二级结构的预测发现,在460～470氨基酸附近比GlulR和GlulBy9多一个α螺旋区和一个转角。该片段在Genbank中的编号为AY249141,所翻译的蛋白序列编号为AA074630。本文揭示了体细胞杂交引起小麦基因序列变化及与体细胞杂种小麦优良品质的相关性,为小麦品质育种研究提供了新途径。     

Assessment of AgNPs exposure on physiological and biochemical changes and antioxidative defence system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under heat stress

The present study was designed to check the role of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on physiological, biochemical parameters and antioxidants of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under heat stress. Plant extract of Moringa oleifera was used for AgNPs synthesis followed by characterization through UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and Zeta analyser. Heat stress was applied in range of 35–40°C for 3 hrs/ day for 3 days to wheat plants at trifoliate stage. Heat stress decreased the RWC (13.2%), MSI (16.3%), chl a (5.2%), chl b (4.1%) and TCCs (9.9%). Wheat plants treated with AgNPs showed significant increase in RWC (12.2%), MSI (26.5%), chl a (10%), chl b (16.4%), TCCs (19%), TPC (2.4%), TFC (2.5%), TASC (2.5%), SOD (1.3%), POX (1.5%), CAT (1.8%), APX (1.2%) and GPX (1.4%), under heat stress. Lower concentration of AgNPs (50 mg/l) decreased the sugar (5.8%) and proline contents (4%), while increase was observed in higher AgNPs concentrations. Overall, AgNPs treatment enhanced thermo‐tolerance in wheat plants, but the mechanism of AgNPs action needs further investigation at genome and proteome level in wheat plants under heat stress.Inspec keywords: crops, ultraviolet spectra, X‐ray diffraction, visible spectra, botany, microorganisms, scanning electron microscopy, solubility, agricultural products, nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, sugar, silver, food products, biochemistryOther keywords: heat stress, heat‐stress tolerance, wheat plants, AgNPs exposure, wheat antioxidative defence system, Triticum aestivum L, Moringa oleifera, biochemical parameters, silver nanoparticles, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, zeta analyser, total chlorophyll contents, TCCs, membrane stability index, MSI, malondialdehyde, sugar level, proline concentration, hydrogen peroxide, RWC, relative water content, total flavonoid content, phenolic content, ascorbate POX, guaiacol POX     

低温烧结Ph(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3基复相陶瓷中的两相共存与介电性能

分别采用氟化物和硼硅玻璃为助烧剂制备了低温烧结PZN基复相陶瓷，并借助介电温度特性研究了复相陶瓷中的两相共存与助烧剂的关系．结果表明，添加剂引入的晶格缺陷对复相陶瓷中的两相共存有显著影响,LiF助烧剂因引起晶格氧空位促进两相固溶化，而MgF2和硼硅玻璃助烧的PZN复相陶瓷可保持两相共存．以硼硅玻璃为助烧剂获得了低温烧结、具有X7R温度稳定特性的PZN基复相陶瓷．     

低温烧结Ph(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3基复相陶瓷中的两相共存与介电性能

分别采用氟化物和硼硅玻璃为助烧剂制备了低温烧结ＰＺＮ基复相陶瓷，并借助介电温度特性研究了复相陶瓷中的两相共存与助烧剂的关系。结果表明，添加剂引入的晶格缺陷对复相陶瓷中的两相共存有显著影响。ＬｉＦ助烧剂因引起晶格氧空位促进两相固溶化，而ＭｇＦ２和硼硅玻璃助烧的ＰＺＮ复相陶瓷可保持两相共存。以硼硅玻璃为助烧剂获得了低温烧结、具有Ｘ７Ｒ温度稳定特性的ＰＺＮ基复相陶瓷。     

Application of lock-in thermography for failure analysis in integrated circuits using quantitative phase shift analysis

Lock-in thermography (LIT), which is a well established technique for non-destructive evaluation, can also be used to identify and locate thermal active electrically defects like shorts and resistive opens in microelectronic devices. Defect localization on the level of the integrated circuits (IC) requires a μm resolution. But LIT can also be applied to locate buried thermal active defects within fully packaged microelectronic devices by analysing the thermal signal detected at the surface of the device. In addition to the lateral localization of the hot spot, its depth can also be determined by analysing the phase shift of the thermal signal. This is especially valued for non destructive defect localization in complex 3D integrated system in package devices (3D SiP). In comparison to competitive thermal imaging techniques, like liquid crystal imaging or fluorescent micro thermal imaging, LIT is easier to apply since it does not need any foreign thermal sensitive layer at the surface of the device. Also, the sensitivity limit of this technique within μK range is significantly better. In addition the dynamic character of LIT reduces thermal blurring, and the problem of inhomogeneous IR emissivity can be overcome by using the phase image or the 0°/−90° image. The spatial resolution limit of the used microscopic thermal imaging setup performed in the mid-wavelength range is about 5 μm, but can be improved to 1.5 μm by applying solid immersion lenses. Within the paper, the principle theory of LIT and the practical use for both, single and multiple IC devices is presented.     

Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantitative analysis in environmental and life sciences: a review of challenges, solutions, and trends

This focal point review provides an overview of recent developments and capabilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with different separation techniques for applications in the fields of quantitative environmental and bio-analysis. Over the past years numerous technical improvements, which are highlighted in this review, have helped to promote the evolution of ICP-MS to one of the most versatile tools for elemental quantification. In particular, the benefits and possibilities of using state-of-the-art hyphenated ICP-MS approaches for quantitative analysis are demonstrated with a focus on environmental and bio-analytical applications.     

Aloe vera vs. poly(ethylene)glycol-based synthesis and relative catalytic activity investigations of ZnO nanorods in thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate

The green synthesis approach using ecofriendly biological precursors has gained world-wide popularity, reputation and recognition in the synthesis of several inorganic nanomaterials. This work demonstrates that a proper selection of biological precursor from the sustainable natural resources can effectively replace the commercial surfactant for fabrication of nanomaterials. Through this work, the green biotemplate Aloe vera plant extract has emerged as a better substitute of industrial surfactant poly(ethylene)glycol of molecular weight 8000 (PEG8000) in synthesis of ZnO nanorods using a simple sonoemulsion route. The colloidal growth of ZnO nanorods in PEG8000/Aloe vera -assisted sonoemulsion route has been elaborated in the context of relative supremacy of ultrasonic-assisted self-aggregation rate with steric-hindrance effect imposed by PEG8000/Aloe vera . The relative catalytic activity of PEG8000/Aloe vera synthesized ZnO nanorods, Co₃O₄ nanobelts and CuO nanorods in thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate has been studied by thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis of pure potassium perchlorate and its mixture with nanoscale ZnO/Co3O4/CuO by 2% weight. The ZnO nanorods formulated through Aloe vera route demonstrated higher catalytic activity than that of ZnO nanorods prepared through PEG8000 route. The relative order of catalytic effect of nanoscale metal oxides in thermal decomposition of potassium perchlorate was found in descending order as CuO nanorods > Co₃O₄ nanobelts > ZnO nanorods.     

Ensemble analyses by Minkowski-operations for spatially resolved structural and optoelectronic features of Cu(In,Ga)(Se2,S2) absorbers

Polycrystalline chalcopyrite semiconductors like Cu(In,Ga)(Se₂,S₂) as physically and technologically promising thin film solar cell absorbers show a considerable degree of spatial inhomogeneity of structural, optical and optoelectronic properties above and below the length scale of grain sizes. The dilution of magnitudes such as splitting of quasi-Fermi levels with a certain distribution of lower energies, introduced e.g. by local fluctuations, introduce an additional reduction of the free energy of the photon field and drop thus the solar light conversion yield. For a comprehensive interpretation of the influence of such inhomogeneity effects on the solar cell efficiency we perform lateral scans of various magnitudes recorded with a confocal setup with high lateral resolution (≤ 1 µm), like splitting of quasi-Fermi levels, AFM-surface contours with different scan sizes and at different sample positions. We compare these sets of magnitudes by their respective Minkowski-opening-operations, extract correlation coefficients, determine average values and their respective statistical momenta (variances), and extrapolate minimum scan sizes for the collection of statistically representative data.     

高效液相色谱法测定油脂食品中叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)含量的不确定度评定

目的:评价液相色谱法测定油脂食品中叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)的不确定度;方法:分析不确定度来源,建立分析结果的数学模型,计算不确定度分离、结果的合成不确定度及扩展不确定度。结论:测量不确定度可用于高效液相色谱法测定油脂食品中叔丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)含量测定结果的评定。     

Development of stochastic isogeometric analysis (SIGA) method for uncertainty in shape

In this paper, a new method is proposed that extend the classical deterministic isogeometric analysis (IGA) into a probabilistic analytical framework in order to evaluate the uncertainty in shape and aim to investigate a possible extension of IGA in the field of computational stochastic mechanics. Stochastic IGA (SIGA) method for uncertainty in shape is developed by employing the geometric characteristics of the non-uniform rational basis spline and the probability characteristics of polynomial chaos expansions (PCE). The proposed method can accurately and freely evaluate problems of uncertainty in shape caused by deformation of the structural model. Additionally, we use the intrusive formulation approach to incorporate PCE into the IGA framework, and the C++ programming language to implement this analysis procedure. To verify the validity and applicability of the proposed method, two numerical examples are presented. The validity and accuracy of the results are assessed by comparing them to the results obtained by Monte Carlo simulation based on the IGA algorithm.     

Arbitrary placement of local meshes in a global mesh by the interface‐element method (IEM)

A new method is proposed to place local meshes in a global mesh with the aid of the interface‐element method (IEM). The interface‐elements use moving least‐square (MLS)‐based shape functions to join partitioned finite‐element domains with non‐matching interfaces. The supports of nodes are defined to satisfy the continuity condition on the interfaces by introducing pseudonodes on the boundaries of interface regions. Particularly, the weight functions of nodes on the boundaries of interface regions span only neighbouring nodes, ensuring that the resulting shape functions are identical to those of adjoining finite‐elements. The completeness of the shape functions of the interface‐elements up to the order of basis provides a reasonable transfer of strain fields through the non‐matching interfaces between partitioned domains. Taking these great advantages of the IEM, local meshes can be easily inserted at arbitrary places in a global mesh. Several numerical examples show the effectiveness of this technique for modelling of local regions in a global domain. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of Zn1−xCdxSe on cleavage-induced GaAs (110) surface in ultra high vacuum

Zn_1−xCd_xSe epitaxial growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on the GaAs (110) surface cleaved in ultra high vacuum (UHV) was investigated. The growth mode of Zn_1−x Cd_xSe on GaAs (110) was not a simple Stranski–Krastanow type. At initial growth stage, growth mode was two-dimensional type. However, as the growth proceeds three-dimensional island growth and two-dimensional growth modes compete. As a result, two kinds of structures were spontaneously formed on the surface, pyramidal-shaped islands and ridge structures aligned to the [1 0] direction. Anisotropic in-plane strain relaxation on (110) is suggested as the formation mechanism of such structures.     

Thermal, morphological and optical investigations of Cu(DAB)2 thin films produced by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation and laser-induced forward transfer for sensor development

Many hybrid metal-organic complex materials which exhibit crystalline nature, nonlinear optical properties and chemoselective behavior generate interest as choice materials in various applications. In this paper we report results on Cu(II) 2,2′-dihydroxyazobenzene thin films deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation using a Nd:YAG laser, at 266 and 355 nm laser wavelengths. Thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry were performed in order to investigate thin film properties. Micrometric pixels of the compound have been transferred on glass plates by laser-induced forward transfer for chemoselective sensor development purposes.     

Nanoscale zero-valent iron modified with carboxymethyl cellulose in an impinging stream-rotating packed bed for the removal of lead(II)

A novel impinging stream-rotating packed bed (IS-RPB) was proposed to continuous, macro and industrialized prepare nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with simultaneously modified with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for the removal of Pb²⁺. The obtained CMC-nZVI particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The components on the surface of CMC-nZVI after react with Pb²⁺ were also analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The IS-RPB makes it possible for the continuous, macro and industrialized preparing of CMC-nZVI particles, and CMC can significantly improve the dispersion and reduce aggregation of nZVI particles. The effects of solution pH, initial Pb²⁺ concentration and reaction time on the removal efficiency of Pb²⁺ by nZVI and CMC-nZVI particles were also investigated. The results show that CMC-nZVI particles outperform nZVI particles in removing Pb²⁺, and the removal efficacy reaches a maximum of 838.84 mg·g⁻¹ for nZVI particles and 1237.32 mg·g⁻¹ for CMC-nZVI particles at pH = 6.0. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ by nZVI and CMC-nZVI particles can be described by the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model with a R² of 0.999, and the calculated maximum adsorption capacity is 900.90 and 1376.07 mg·g⁻¹ for nZVI and CMC-nZVI particles. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ follows the pseudo second-order kinetics with a linear correlation coefficient R² of 0.999. In addition, the effect of co-existing cations such as Na⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cd²⁺ on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency was also investigated. The results showed that Na⁺ had no effect on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency and Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ had inhibited Pb²⁺ removal efficiency. Cd²⁺ had an inhibitory effect on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency when the concentration was 50 mg·L⁻¹ and 100 mg·L⁻¹, Cd²⁺ enhanced Pb²⁺ removal efficiency while the concentration of Cd²⁺ was 200 mg·L⁻¹.     

Optical and mechanical characteristics of zinc sulphide-thorium fluoride mixed composition thin films for use in the near infrared region (1–10µm)

Mixed composition thin films of zinc sulphide-thorium fluoride have been deposited on glass and silicon substrates by thermal evaporation of mixtures of these materials in different proportions, from a single resistively heated source. The films are characterized for their optical properties (refractive index and extinction coefficient), mechanical properties (intrinsic stress), surface morphology and chemical composition. It is found that these films have tailorable refractive indices and low losses, and that films with certain compositions have low intrinsic stress and smooth surface morphology, making them suitable for incorporation in thin film multilayers for use in the near infrared region up to at least 10μm.     

Photoluminescence as a tool for investigations of the junction region in Cu(In,Ga)Se2-based solar cells

We use different modes of photoluminescence (PL) technique to investigate recombination processes within the junction region of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂-based solar cells. Components of the PL spectra associated with recombination within the junction region and in the bulk are distinguished. We provide arguments for the interpretation of the double diode effect in the p+ layer model basing on a close correlation between fill factor, PL intensity, and changes of space charge distribution induced by blue and red illumination.     

Advantages of using amorphous indium zinc oxide films for window layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

The advantages of using indium zinc oxide (IZO) films instead of conventional Ga-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga) films for Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells are described. The electrical properties of IZO are independent of film thickness. IZO films have higher mobility (30-40 cm²/Vs) and lower resistivity (4-5 × 10^− 4 Ω cm) compared to ZnO:Ga films deposited without intentional heating, because the number of grain boundaries in amorphous IZO films is small. The properties of a CIGS solar cell using IZO at the window layer were better than those obtained using a conventional ZnO:Ga at the window layer; moreover, the properties tended to be independent of thickness. These results indicate that use of IZO as a transparent conducting oxide layer is expected to increase the efficiency of CIGS solar cells.     

The impact of Cu(II) ions doping in nanostructured hydroxyapatite powder: A finite element modelling study for physico-mechanical and biological property evaluation

The synthesis of doped nanostructured materials with multifunctional properties and improved biocompatibility have immense potential for biomedical applications. In this present study, a facile wet chemical precipitation method was employed to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAp) and different concentrations copper doped HAp, and Cu_x-HAp (x = 1, 2, and 4 mol%) nano materials. Sophisticated analytical and spectroscopic techniques were employed to confirm its physico-chemical properties, and morphological features. The synthesized HAp, Cu_x-HAp were further studied as a drug nanocarrier using doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as a model drug, which results a maximum drug release of ～34.3% (at pH 4.5) for 1 mol% of Cu-HAp. The nanostructured materials were further used to fabricate scaffolds by employing gel-casting method. The finite element modeling theoretical approach was adopted, to correlate the force distribution over the developed scaffold during mechanical characterization. The in vitro study confirmed the nontoxic behavior of the HAp and Cu_x-HAp scaffolds using MG-63 cell line. The developed scaffold effectively facilitates and simulates the new cell attachment, growth, and proliferation on its surface with adequate (～7.87 MPa) compressive strength properties. The enhanced biocompatibility with improved mechanical stability of Cu_x-HAp nanomaterials could address some of the critical challenges in biomedical applications.