Si、Ca对Mg-2Mn变形镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用OM、XRD、硬度和抗拉强度测定、腐蚀电位测量等手段，研究了添加微量元素Si、Ca对Mg-2Mn变形镁合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明：Mg-2Mn-0.8Si-0．3Ca合金（简称低Si合金）和Mg-2Mn-1.5Si-0．3Ca合金（简称高Si合金）的铸态组织均由α-Mg固溶体和Mg2Si以及β-Mn组成。低Si合金中的Mg2Si呈较小的颗粒状。高Si合金的晶粒较低Si合金细小，其Mg2Si数量多，呈现相对较大的块状。两者均未出现有害的粗大汉字状Mg2Si。两种合金都只含α镁、Mg2Si相和Mn相，未出现MnSi相。高Si合金的硬度和抗拉强度均略高于低Si合金，耐蚀性也优于低Si合金。     

熔炼工艺对Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca镁合金组织和性能的影响

探索了熔炼时元素的不同加入次序对Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca合金相组成的影响,并研究了该合金的组织和性能.结果表明:铸态Mg-2Mn-1Si-0.25Ca合金组织由α镁基体,β(锰)和颗粒状的Mg2Si组成.熔炼时先加锰后加硅时,合金中含α-Mg、Mg2Si、MnSi和β(Mn)相,Mg2Si相较少.先加硅后加锰时,合金中只含α-Mg、Mg2Si和β(Mn)相.熔炼时先加硅后加锰的合金硬度明显高于先加锰后加硅的合金.     

Ca对铸态Mg-6Al及Mg-6Al-2Si系合金组织与性能的影响

为了明确不同服役温度下Ca对Mg-Al和Mg-Al-Si系合金性能的影响,采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和力学性能试验机,分别研究了Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-1.5Sn-0.3Sr-xCa(x=0,0.5%)和Mg-6Al-2Si-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-1.5Sn-0.3Sr-xCa(x=0,0.5%)合金的相组成、显微组织、断口形貌,以及室温和150℃时的拉伸性能。结果表明,Ca的加入会促使CaMgSn和CaMg(Sn,S)i等第二相的生成,产生明显的固溶强化作用,提高合金的室温和高温拉伸性能。Si的加入可显著提高合金的高温性能,但会降低合金的室温性能。因此,Mg-6Al-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-1.5Sn-0.3Sr-0.5Ca合金适用于室温部件,而Mg-6Al-2Si-0.3Mn-0.5Zn-1.5Sn-0.3Sr-0.5Ca合金适用于高温部件。     

Al3Ti4B中间合金对Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn合金显微组织和性能的影响

研究了Al3Ti4B中间合金对Mg-7Al-0.4Zn-0.2Mn合金的显微组织、力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:当Al3Ti4B加入量小于0.3%(质量分数)时,合金的平均晶粒尺寸显著减小;当Al3Ti4B加入量为0.3%时,合金组织显著细化,平均晶粒尺寸由未变质合金的135μm细化到30 μm,合金拉伸力学性能和耐腐蚀性能最好;当加入量超过0.3%时,晶粒粗化;具有密排六方结构的高熔点化合物Tm2(靠=2 980℃)和AlB(%=980℃)均可作为一Mg的异质核心,大量异质结晶核心的存在是导致α Mg晶粒细化的主要原因.     

Zn和Al含量对含Si的T型Mg-Zn-Al合金组织及性能的影响

借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和INSTRON拉伸机等,研究了不同Zn、Al含量对含Si的τ(Mg32 (Al,Zn)49)型Mg-Zn-Al合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,随着Zn、Al含量的增加,τ相体积分数增加,而基体α(Mg)相的体积分数下降;τ 相连续程度增加,基体α(Mg)晶粒不断细化,Mg2 Si颗粒略有增大.合金Mg-8Zn-3.2Al-1Si-0.3Mn-0.01P在室温或150℃ 下的拉伸性能相对最好,抗拉强度分别达到233 MPa和185 MPa.     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb镁合金的显微组织与力学性能

研究了在Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金中加入微量Sb及往复挤压对其组织与性能的影响,重点探讨了基体组织和Mg2Si相颗粒的细化机制,分析了Mg2Si颗粒对再结晶的影响规律.结果表明:加入0.75wt%Sb后的Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金中形成Mg3Sb2相,能有效细化粗大的α(Mg)基体组织和汉字状共晶Mg2Si相颗粒,并抑制粗大的块状初生Mg2Si相颗粒的形成;Mg-4Al-2Si-0.75Sb合金在往复挤压过程中发生受位错攀移控制的动态再结晶,通过晶界迁移、亚晶合并与转动机制形成了更为细小的α(Mg)再结晶等轴晶;随着挤压道次的增加,动态再结晶速度加快,晶粒尺寸迅速减小;挤压8道次后,α(Mg)基体和汉字状Mg2Si颗粒尺寸分别由铸态时的30 μm和10μm减小到1μm和0.8μm,形成了细小、均匀的α(Mg)等轴品组织;挤压过程中,汉字状Mg2Si依弯曲机制而破碎成块状或条状,条状Mg2Si依短纤维加载机制而破碎成块状,块状Mg2Si依剪切机制发生破碎,并随挤压道次的增加而呈细小、弥散分布;合金的力学性能随往复挤压道次的增加而显著提高.     

压铸镁合金油锯导板压盖的显微组织及性能

采用Mg-8Zn-3.2Al-0.3Mn-0.7Si-0.06AlP系镁合金,压铸了油锯导板压盖,分析研究了其组织和性能.结果表明,压铸态下合金的组织较重力铸造下明显细化,力学性能及显微硬度均得到了明显的提高;变质剂AlP的加入使得合金组织显著细化,力学性能也得到提高;合金在重力铸造及压铸下的断裂机制均为混合断裂;重力铸造下合金中Si以Mg2Si形式存在,而压铸下Si以Mg2Si相和固溶态两种形式存在.     

Zn和Al含量对含Si的τ型Mg-Zn-Al合金组织及性能的影响

借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和INSTRON拉伸机等,研究了不同Zn、Al含量对含Si的τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)型Mg-Zn-Al合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,随着Zn、Al含量的增加,τ相体积分数增加,而基体α(Mg)相的体积分数下降;τ相连续程度增加,基体α(Mg)晶粒不断细化,Mg2Si颗粒略有增大。合金Mg-8Zn-3.2Al-1Si-0.3Mn-0.01P在室温或150℃下的拉伸性能相对最好,抗拉强度分别达到233 MPa和185 MPa。     

Si和Zr对铸造Al-Cu合金组织和性能的影响

利用X射线衍射和金相显微镜等手段研究了三种Al-Cu合金的组织,测定了合金力学性能和磨损性能,分析了Si和Zr对Al-Cu合金组织和力学性能的作用机理。结果表明:Al-4.5Cu-1.5Mg-0.8Mn-0.5Fe-0.5Si-0.15Zr合金抗拉强度、硬度和伸长率,比未添加Si和Zr的Al-Cu合金分别提高22%、30%和148%,综合力学性能最好;适量Si可改善合金成形性能,0.15%Zr在合金中起固溶强化和晶粒细化作用。     

挤压态Mg-Sm-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了挤压Mg-4.0Sm-xCa (x=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%)合金经过200 oC等温时效处理后的显微组织、时效硬化行为和力学性能。结果表明,随着Ca的添加,在镁基体中形成针/棒状的Mg2Ca相、块状和颗粒状含Ca元素的Mg41Sm5相,合金的晶粒被细化、拉伸力学性能得到显著提高。在 T5（峰值时效）态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最细的晶粒尺寸,其大小约为 5.1 μm。随着Ca含量的增加,针/棒状的Mg2Ca相逐渐增多,当Ca含量达到1.5 wt%时,晶界处含Ca的块状Mg41Sm5相的量明显减少。在峰值时效态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最大的硬度值（82 HV）以及最佳的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到了267 MPa, 189 MPa 和 24%。合金力学性能的提高主要归因于晶粒细化、固溶强化以及Mg2Ca相和Mg41Sm5相的析出强化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.