不同油脂对肉鸡生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标的影响

为研究肉鸡饲料中不同油脂添加对肉鸡生长性能、器官指数、血清生化指标的影响,试验选取1日龄雄性爱拔益加(A A)肉鸡45只,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复3只,其饲料中油脂添加分别为豆油、猪油、豆油与猪油1:1调和油(调和油),试验共42 d.结果表明,3种油脂对肉鸡平均日增重(ADG)无显著差异(P>0.05),...     

日粮中添加乳化剂对肉鸡脂肪代谢的影响

研究在猪油日粮中添加500g/t乳化对内鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率及胴体品质的影响.结果表明:添加乳化剂提高了肉鸡前期、后期及全期的平均日增重(P>0.05),降低了料重比(P>0.05),提高了肉鸡前期粗蛋白质(P<0.01)、能量(P<0.05)的表现利用率;乳化剂能降低42日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度(P<0.05)和皮下脂肪厚度(P<0.01),提高胸肌和腿肌重(P<0.05);乳化剂也使21日龄肉鸡腹脂重明显降低(P<0.05).     

黄羽肉鸡日粮中混合油脂适宜组成探索

为研究黄羽肉鸡日粮中混合油脂中的动、植物性油脂的配比,试验选用25 d岭南黄鸡3 200只,随机分成5组,每组8个重复,各组分别饲喂猪脂占总油脂(饲料级猪脂和大豆油)比例为0%(I)、25%(II)、50%(III)、75%(IV)和100%(V)的日粮,饲养至65 d,试验对黄鸡生产性能和脂肪代谢相关指标进行了测定,结果发现:(1)公鸡25～45 d内日增重第IV组显著升高(P<0.05),料肉比显著降低(P<0.05);母鸡25～65 d内第III组料肉比较第II组低4.7%(P<0.05)。(2)65 d的试鸡皮下脂肪厚度各组差异不显著(P>0.05),而母鸡腹脂率第III组较第V组低42.4%(P<0.05)。(3)25 d公鸡肝脏总胆固醇水平第III组和第IV组显著降低(P<0.05),65 d时公鸡肝脏总三酰甘油含量第IV组比第I组低36.02%(P<0.05)。(4)25 d公鸡混合油脂组肝脂酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);65 d公鸡血清脂蛋白脂酶活性第I组比第V组高163.95%(P<0.05)。综合本次试验结果,黄羽肉鸡在25～65 d内,日粮的混合油脂中猪脂与大豆油的适宜添加比例公鸡为3∶1,母鸡为1∶1。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡养分表观利用率及肠道组织形态结构的影响

研究非淀粉多糖(NSP)复合酶制剂对肉鸡养分表观利用率以及肠道组织形态结构的影响.结果表明:NSP复合酶制剂F对肉鸡玉米-豆粕型饲粮1～21 d养分表观利用率无改善趋势(P＞0.20);对肉鸡玉米-豆粕-DDGS型饲粮22～42 d干物质、能量表观消化利用率有提高趋势(P＜0.20).NSP复合酶制剂F对采食玉米-豆粕型饲粮的肉鸡1～21 d肠道组织形态结构表现正负双面效应,能显著降低采食玉米-豆粕- DDGS型饲粮的肉鸡生长后期空肠肌层厚度,改善空肠的组织形态结构.     

不同种类高膳食油脂对小鼠血脂、肝脂及尿酸的影响

为了探讨猪油、植物油及其调和油对血脂、肝脂及血尿酸的影响,评估其对特殊人群的健康潜在风险,本文研究以小鼠为模型,模拟居民用油习惯,将50只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机均分为葵花籽油组(SSO)、豆油组(SO)、猪油组(LO)、葵花籽油与猪油调和油组(SSO-L)、豆油与猪油调和油组(SO-L)5组,模拟我国部分人群(5%~10%)日均烹调油脂高摄入水平(95g/d),每组日粮中分别添加10.5%的不同油脂,饲喂8周后采集血液和肝脏组织,检测血清和肝脏指标。结果显示,相比于其他各组,LO组在体脂和血脂方面都有显著或极显著升高(p0.05,p0.01)。而SSO-L组和SO-L组在肝脂方面显著高于对应的SSO组和SO组(p0.05)。同时,SSO-L组和SO-L组的SUA和肝脏XOD水平都显著高于LO组(p0.05)。表明在95 g/d的膳食油脂摄入水平下,猪油会极大增加肥胖和患脂肪肝病的风险。葵花籽油与猪油调和油和豆油与猪油调和油也会通过升高尿酸水平来增大痛风和脂肪肝的患病风险。此外,长期以该水平摄入这两种调和油对肝脏功能也有明显损伤。在该摄入水平下,豆油为较优选择。     

油脂种类对冰淇淋巧克力脆皮涂布特性的影响

对反映冰淇淋巧克力脆皮涂布特性的各项指标进行测实,以考察棕榈油、椰子油、起酥油和代可可脂对冰淇淋巧克力脆皮涂布特性的影响。结果表明,在实验温度范围内椰子油黏度最低;棕榈油凝固点最低,椰子油凝固点比棕榈油稍高,起酥油凝固点温度范围大,使用椰子油和棕榈油的巧克力涂布厚度接近,比代可可脂和起酥油小;代可可脂和椰子油在巧克力涂层冷却硬化方面接近,代可可脂冷却硬化最快。     

肉鸡后期日粮中添加不同水平铜的饲养效应

将２８０只２１日龄商品代ＡＡ肉难鸡机分成５组,组内设两个重复,基础日粮含铜为５．７ｍ／ｋｇ,分别在日粮添加４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,４４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,８４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１２４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,１６４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ的无机铜进行了３周饲养试验,记录各组采食量,测定日增重（ＡＤＧ）,料重丝（Ｆ／Ｇ）。     

油脂种类对软冰淇淋品质影响研究

对反映软冰淇淋品质的各指标进行测试,以考察棕榈油、椰子油和黄油对软冰淇淋品质的影响,结果表明,除棕榈油抗溶性不如黄油外,棕榈油和黄油对软冰淇淋品质影响接近。椰子油除了硬度与两者接近外,对软冰淇淋其他指标的影响均明显有别与棕榈油和黄油。椰子油膨化率最高,黄油抗溶性最好。     

日粮添加BHT对饲喂氧化豆油黄羽肉鸡肌肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)对饲喂氧化豆油日粮黄羽肉鸡肌肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,因素1为日粮中的豆油,按其品质分为新鲜豆油(MDA=13.4 nmol/mL)和氧化豆油(MDA=367.7 nmol/mL),因素2为日粮中BHT含量,按添加剂量分为两水平(0、125 mg/kg)。240羽1日龄优质黄羽肉鸡被随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。结果表明:与新鲜豆油组相比,氧化豆油组肌肉滴水损失和丙二醛MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05);肌肉内还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力和肌肉总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著降低(p<0.05);腿肌肌肉中γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶调节亚单位(γ-GCLm)和γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶催化亚单位(γ-GCLc)的mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05)。与不含BHT日粮组相比,日粮中添加125 mg/kg BHT能够显著降低肌肉中MDA含量、肌肉滴水损失及蒸煮损失(p<0.05),能够显著提高肌肉T-SOD和CAT酶活(p<0.05),显著提高肌肉中CAT和γ-GCLm的mRNA表达量(p<0.05)。结论:日粮中添加BHT能够通过提高黄羽肉鸡机体抗氧化能力,改善肉品质,缓解氧化豆油造成的氧化损伤。     

Effects of Different Pretreatments to Fresh Fruit on Chemical and Thermal Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil

This study selected 5 methods, including boiling, hot air drying, high‐pressurized steam, freezing, and microwave radiation to pretreat fresh oil palm fruit before solvent extraction of the oil. Using fresh fruit as a control, the pretreatment methods were compared for the effects on the activity of the 2 main enzymes in the fruit and some physicochemical properties of the crude palm oil. The results indicated, although all the 5 pretreatments could inactivate lipase and peroxidase in the treated flesh significantly (P < 0.05), the high‐pressurized steam was the most effective. There were also differences in the unsaturated fatty acid contents of the 6 oils. The crude oil from frozen fruit contained significantly more vitamin E (37829.33 ppm) than previously reported. Microwave radiation was shown to significantly decrease the free fatty acid content and the peroxide value, while increasing the oxidative stability index. Thermal behaviors of the oils were significantly different to each other with the exception a few parameters (P < 0.05).     

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Camelina Oil on Porcine Blood Lipids

ABSTRACT: The effects of dietary supplementation with camelina oil on porcine plasma fatty acid composition and on serum cholesterol/triglyceride concentrations were investigated and compared with the effects of fish oil. The diets consisted of a control diet and diets supplemented with 5% camelina oil, 10% camelina oil and 5% fish oil. The camelina and fish-oil diets increased plasma ω3 fatty acids and reduced plasma ω6 fatty acids. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5ω3, EPA) was increased more by the fish oils diet than the camelina-oil diets. Serum triglyceride levels were reduced by the camelina-oil diets.     

提取方法对核桃油特性的影响

研究了不同方法提取的核桃油脂的主要理化特性,分析测定了3种提取方法所得核桃油脂的脂肪酸组成和含量、VE组成和含量、磷脂的含量以及油脂的氧化稳定性。结果表明:超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的油脂质量明显优于压榨法和有机溶剂浸出法所得油脂,其具有色浅、酸价、皂化价低、过氧化价低的特点,但其抗氧化性能较低。核桃油中不饱和脂肪酸含量高,容易氧化,应采取措施防止其氧化。     

不同植物油对植物肉风味及感官特性的影响

为探究不同脂肪酸组成的植物油对植物肉风味及感官品质的影响,将常用于食品加工且脂肪酸组成差异较大的5种植物油(菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、葵花籽油、棕榈油)添加到植物肉中,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对其进行风味分析,结合感官评价和质构分析等方法对5组植物肉进行对比。实验结果表明,5组植物肉的挥发性成分、感观属性、质构特性等存在显著差异。5组样品中共鉴定出79种挥发性组分,其中30种可被嗅闻到,主要包括吡嗪类、呋喃类、醛类、含硫类化合物。2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、2-戊基呋喃、3-甲硫基丙醛等化合物的嗅闻强度最大。与其他样品相比,添加花生油的样品C和添加菜籽油的样品A中挥发性化合物种类和含量较多,但样品C的香气轮廓中油脂味较为突出,且该组样品的硬度与胶黏性较差,并不适用于植物肉的生产制作。样品A以肉香味为主,其硬度、弹性较大。研究结果表明,含芥酸、油酸较多的菜籽油更适用于植物肉的加工生产,对植物肉的风味、质构等感官品质具有明显增强作用。     

微胶囊壁材选择对粉末油脂品质的影响

研究以水解大豆蛋白,麦芽糊精以及乳化剂、稳定剂等复合作为微胶囊壁材,用喷雾干燥法制备粉末大豆色拉油和粉末猪油,使油脂便于包装,使用方便.由此方法制出的粉末油脂,包埋效率可达75％,产率可达90％以上.     

Physico-Chemical Properties,Composition, and Oxidative Stability of Olive and Soybean Oils Under Different Conditions

Commercial olive and soybean oils have been analyzed periodically in order to evaluate the influence of storage conditions on quality. The following parameters were determined every 10 days of storage: peroxide, saponification and acid values, absorption coefficients K₂₇₀ and K₂₃₂, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, DPPH scavenging ability, and total antioxidant activity. Edible oils were exposed to daylight and stored at room temperature in different containers with the same surface area of exposure to air either in clear glass or opaque glass bottles. Changes in oils properties were also examined after the addition of Vit-E as an antioxidant in oil samples. The results showed a gradual loss of quality during storage, especially in clear glass bottles. The addition of the antioxidant, however, significantly reduced the deterioration and oxidation rate in the oil. The best containers for commercial packing of oil were opaque glass bottles containing antioxidant products.     

食用植物油流变学特性研究

采用旋转流变仪探讨了15种植物油和13种不同品牌花生油流变学特性.结果表明:食用植物油的黏度(η)不随剪切速率的增大而改变,均属于牛顿型流体,橄榄油黏度最大(0.065 50 Pa·s),其次是茶油,葡萄籽油黏度最小(0.047 80 Pa·s);植物油黏度随温度的升高而减小,其流变学特性为温度敏感;除花生油外,其余植物油的lnη与1/T在0～50℃范围内有良好线性关系(r≥0.999 4),13种花生油黏温曲线(lnη与1/T)均为非线性相关.     

Effects of Dietary Oils and α-Tocopherol Supplementation on Membranal Lipid Oxidation in Broiler Meat

The effects of different dietary oils and α-tocopherol on the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial and microsomal lipids of broiler muscle and their lability to NADPH-induced peroxidation were investigated. Fatty acid composition of both neutral lipids and phospholipids of mitochondria and microsomes was influenced by dietary oil composition. Supplementation of the diet with α-tocopherol only appeared to increase the α-tocophcrol concentration in the microsomal membranes in the dark meat. The rate of NADPH-induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes and mitochondria was dependent primarily on the fatty acid composition of the membrane lipids, and, to a lesser extent, on the α-tocopherol content.