Fuzzy neural networks for identification and control of ultrasonicmotor drive with LLCC resonant technique

This paper demonstrates the applications of fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) in the identification and control of the ultrasonic motor (USM). First, the USM is derived by a newly designed high-frequency two-phase voltage-source inverter using LLCC resonant technique. Then, two FNNs with varied learning rates are proposed to control the rotor position of the USM. The USM drive system is identified by a fuzzy neural network identifier (FNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to a fuzzy neural network controller (FNNC). A backpropagation algorithm is used to train both the FNNI and FNNC on-line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the FNNs. In addition, the effectiveness of the FNN-controlled USM drive system is demonstrated by experimental results. Accurate tracking response can be obtained due to the powerful on-line learning capability of the FNNs. Furthermore, the influence of parameter variations and external disturbances on the USM drive system can be reduced effectively     

基于串联谐振式逆变器的频率跟踪控制系统的研究

为提高串联谐振式逆变器的输出效率,减小装置功率器件的开关损耗,必须控制逆变器的工作频率,使之始终与负载的谐振频率保持同步。文中针对传统模拟锁相环的缺点和单纯的数字锁相环当负载参数变化较大时,可能会出现的"失锁"现象,提出采用PID与数字锁相环相结合的频率跟踪控制策略,对串联谐振式逆变器的工作频率进行实时控制,使之能自动跟踪上负载的谐振频率。在MATLAB环境下,对采用PID控制前后的两种频率跟踪控制策略进行了比较,结果表明采用基于PID与数字锁相环相结合的频率跟踪控制具有更好的频率调节特性。在此基础上提出了采用TMS320F2812对该频率跟踪控制系统进行软硬件设计的方法。     

Fuzzy adaptive model-following position control for ultrasonicmotor

A fuzzy adaptive model following mechanism for the position control of a traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motor (USM) is described in this study. Since the dynamic characteristics of the USM are difficult to obtain and the motor parameters are time varying, fuzzy adaptive control is applied to design the position controller of the USM for high-performance applications. The driving circuit for the USM, which is composed of a high-frequency boost DC-DC chopper, a two-phase series-loaded resonant inverter and an inner speed loop, is built first. Next, the control algorithm for fuzzy adaptive control is discussed. Then, a simple linear position control loop is designed and augmented by the model-following error-driven fuzzy adaptive mechanism to reduce the influence of parameter variations. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated by some experimental results     

An ultrasonic motor drive using a current-source parallel-resonantinverter with energy feedback

An ultrasonic motor (USM) drive using a two-phase current-source parallel-resonant inverter is proposed in this study. A single-phase equivalent model of the USM is first described. Then, a detailed theory for the newly designed driving circuit for the USM, in which the inherent parasitic capacitances formed by the polarized piezoelectric ceramic of the USM are parts of the two parallel-resonant tanks, is introduced. Since the dynamic characteristics of the USM are greatly influenced by the variation in the quality factors of the parallel-resonant tanks, two transformers are added to feed the stored energy in the resonant tanks back to the DC source to reduce the quality factors. Detailed experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed driving circuit     

基于FPGA及DDS技术的USM测试电源的设计

超声波电机的运转需要一个两相相差90°（或可调）的高频交流信号源。本方案采用DDS技术的设计思路,用VHDL硬件描述语言对FPGA器件编程产生了两相四路高频信号。该信号经过驱动隔离电路施加于H桥逆变器中,在电感的平滑作用下,生成了满足USM测试要求的可调频、调相、调幅的两相高频交流信号源,成功地对USM45电机进行了驱动测试。该电路可用于研究超声波电机的运行状态的研究及获取其最佳工作点参数。     

A fuzzy neural network controller for parallel-resonant ultrasonicmotor drive

A newly designed driving circuit for the traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motor (USM), which consists of a push-pull DC-DC power converter and a current-source two-phase parallel-resonant inverter, is presented in this study. Moreover, since the dynamic characteristics of the USM are difficult to obtain and the motor parameters are time varying, a fuzzy neural network (NN) controller is proposed to control the USM drive system. In the proposed controller, a fuzzy model-following controller is implemented to control the rotor position of the USM, and an online trained NN with variable learning rates is implemented to tune the output scaling factor of the fuzzy controller. To guarantee the convergence of tracking error, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the desired variable learning rates. From the experimental results, accurate tracking response can be obtained by the proposed controller, and the influences of parameter variations and external disturbances on the USM drive also can be reduced effectively     

Analysis and design of a high-frequency link DC to utilityinterface using square-wave output resonant inverter

A line-current-modulated high-frequency (HF) link DC to utility interface power conditioning system using a square-wave output resonant inverter is proposed. The proposed system consists of a square-wave output HF resonant inverter, a rectifier, and a line-connected inverter (LCI). The system is modeled using the constant current model for the HF inverter and the step model for the DC link current. The operating modes, analysis, design, and experiment results are presented. It has been shown that systems operating with less than 5% line current harmonic distortion are realizable when the type II commutation scheme is used for the LCI. A typical application of the system presented is in interfacing photovoltaic arrays to utility lines     

基于磁感应频率跟踪的逆变电源研究与设计

针对近距离高频磁感应能量传输系统中距离改变会使谐振频率发生变化,导致效率降低的问题,提出一种基于74HC4046AD锁相环的频率跟踪驱动方案,该方案可以实现谐振频率的自动跟踪,在proteus环境下对中心频率为100 kHz的逆变电源系统和锁相功能进行仿真。设计并制作基于频率跟踪的逆变电源样机,通过样机对输出情况进行跟踪反馈。仿真实验结果表明,该系统输出性能良好,验证了频率跟踪的有效性,实现了功率管的软开关工作模式。     

Self-sustained oscillating resonant converters operating above theresonant frequency

This paper presents a new control technique for resonant converters. Unlike conventional variable frequency control which externally imposes the switching frequency, the proposed scheme is based on controlling the displacement angle between one of the resonant circuit variables, typically the current through the resonant inductor, and the voltage at the output of the inverter. As a result, zero-voltage switching (ZVS) can be ensured over a wide operating range. The proposed control technique cam be applied for series, parallel, and series-parallel resonant converters. As an example, the static characteristics and dynamic model of a series-parallel resonant converter with the proposed controller are derived and the system behaviour is investigated in detail. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the operation of resonant converters with the proposed controller and to validate the analysis     

串联型逆变器锁相控制技术研究

论文通过研究分析串联逆变器的三种不同的工作状态,得出了频率跟踪对于实现串联逆变器安全、稳定、高效运行的重要性,给出了一种定角控制的逆变器频率跟踪方法,并应用Matlab/Simulink为仿真工具,以IGBT作为开关器件,搭建了仿真模型,对提出的锁相方法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果达到了预期的目标,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于PDM ＆ AVC功率控制串联谐振逆变器的研究

针对串联谐振逆变器脉冲密度功率调节PDM（Pulse Density Modulation）轻载时电流容易出现断续,而恒频不对称电压消除法功率调节 AVC （Asymmetrical Voltage Cancellation）输出功率调节范围有限的缺点,提出了一种PDM＆AVC的复合功率控制串联谐振逆变器。该逆变器的输出功率调节范围更宽,而且具有输出电流平稳、电流连续、功率调节连续等优点。文章介绍了该逆变器的电路结构,详细分析了该逆变器的工作原理和控制策略,并用 Pspice 仿真验证了其理论分析的正确性。     

TRIAC dimmable ballast with power equalization

A two-stage, two-wire TRIAC dimmable electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps is presented in this paper. It is constructed by using a flyback converter as the input power factor corrector to supply a half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverter to ballast the lamp. The flyback converter is operated in discontinuous conduction mode so that the filtered input current profile is the same as the TRIAC-controlled voltage waveform. The switches in the inverter are switched at a constant frequency slightly higher than the resonant frequency of the resonant tank. Based on the constant average input current characteristics of the inverter, the dimming operation is simply achieved by pulsewidth modulation control of the magnitude of the flyback converter output voltage. No synchronization network is required between the input and output stages. In addition, a linear power equalization scheme is developed so that the dc-link voltage (and hence the lamp power) is in a linear relationship with the firing angle of the TRIAC. The average output voltage of the dimmer controls the equalized flyback converter output voltage. Modeling, analysis, and design of the ballast will be described. A prototype was implemented to verify the experimental measurements with the theoretical predictions.     

单相光伏逆变器的改进型并网控制方法

单相光伏并网逆变器通常采用双闭环控制和电网电压前馈控制的策略,其中双闭环的外电压环为采用PI恒压控制逆变前直流侧电压,分析比较了准比例谐振调节和PI调节两种电流内环的输出外特性,通过对电流内环采用准比例谐振控制的控制系统进行分析建模,建立了逆变器的单相并网仿真模型。仿真结果显示电流内环采用准比例谐振控制能实现并网电流的无静态误差控制,并减小电网频率偏移对并网电流的影响。仿真及实验得到的输出正弦电流波形良好,基于该并网控制策略的光伏逆变器能以高功率因数向电网发电,动态响应快、鲁棒性强、跟踪精度高、并网电流的THD明显优于传统方法,从而验证了改进后模型的可行性和实用性。     

A highly effective load adaptive servo drive system for speed control of travelling-wave ultrasonic motor

This paper presents a highly effective load adaptive drive system to control the speed of a travelling-wave ultrasonic motor. The motor driver was built based on the two-phase high-frequency inverter using the mechanical resonant frequency of the ultrasonic motor. To digitally control the drive system, a TMS320F243 digital signal processor was adapted to the driver. The developed system includes two feedback loops; speed control loop and feedback voltage-resonant frequency tracking loop. The driving frequency was used as a control input to control the motor. Direct pulse-width modulation (PWM) control was used to obtain the required driving frequency. The developed drive system was experimentally tested under several operating conditions. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of the drive system for high performance drive applications.     

TMS320F2812在串联谐振高频逆变电源中的应用

为减小逆变器功率器件的开关损耗,提高装置输出效率,应该控制逆变器的工作频率实时跟踪负载谐振频率,确保开关器件工作在零电流开关(ZCS)状态。介绍了高频逆变电源中采用TMS320F2812实现频率跟踪的数字锁相环(DPLL)方法,给出了实现DPLL的算法,并对采用DPLL的高频逆变电源系统进行了Simulink仿真,仿真结果表明逆变器的工作频率能实时跟踪负载谐振频率,验证了ZCS软开关工作模式。     

连铸坯视觉定重线结构光平面调整方法研究

鉴于传统三电平逆变电路存在谐波含量高的缺点, 在分析模块化多电平换流器(MMC)工作原理的基础上, 提出使用模块化多电平电路实现光伏并网逆变功能, 采用微分-跟踪器法实现光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)及逆变器PQ解耦控制, 实现了光伏系统以单位功率因数并网。在PSCAD中建立光伏并网系统动态仿真模型, 仿真结果表明, 所建模型具有开关损耗低、谐波量小的优点, 验证了所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

Hybrid Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel-Inverter Induction-Motor-Drive Direct Torque Control for Automotive Applications

This paper presents a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel motor drive direct torque control (DTC) scheme for electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid EVs. The control method is based on DTC operating principles. The stator voltage vector reference is computed from the stator flux and torque errors imposed by the flux and torque controllers. This voltage reference is then generated using a hybrid cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, where each phase of the inverter can be implemented using a dc source, which would be available from fuel cells, batteries, or ultracapacitors. This inverter provides nearly sinusoidal voltages with very low distortion, even without filtering, using fewer switching devices. In addition, the multilevel inverter can generate a high and fixed switching frequency output voltage with fewer switching losses, since only the small power cells of the inverter operate at a high switching rate. Therefore, a high performance and also efficient torque and flux controllers are obtained, enabling a DTC solution for multilevel-inverter-powered motor drives.      

Self-oscillating dimmable electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps

This letter presents a low-cost solution for converting the popularly adopted nondimmable electronic ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps with self-oscillating series resonant inverter into a dimmable one. The dimming function is achieved by increasing the switching frequency of the inverter from the natural frequency of the resonant tank, so that less energy is coupled to the lamp. Control of the switching frequency is based on deriving an adjustable dc current source from the inductor in the resonant tank to control the operating point of the saturable chokes for driving the switches in the inverter. The overall circuit does not require any integrated circuit. A 17-W prototype has been built and tested. Theoretical predictions have been verified with experimental results. The lamp can be dimmed to 10% of the full brightness.     

Design and analysis of an IC-less self-oscillating series resonant inverter for dimmable electronic ballasts

This paper presents a low-cost solution of converting the popularly adopted nondimmable electronic ballast circuit for fluorescent lamps with self-oscillating series resonant inverter into a dimmable one. The dimming function is achieved by increasing the switching frequency of the inverter from the natural frequency of the resonant tank, so that less energy is coupled to the lamp. Control of the switching frequency is based on deriving an adjustable dc current source from the resonant inductor in the resonant tank to control the operating point of the saturable transformers for driving the switches in the inverter. The overall implementation does not require any integrated circuit. A 17-W prototype has been built and studied. Theoretical predictions have been verified with experimental results. The lamp can be dimmed down to 10% of the full power.     

Electronic ballast for fluorescent lamps

A frequency-domain analysis is given for a Class D voltage-switching power inverter with a load resistance connected in parallel with a resonant capacitor. Using the fundamental component approximation, design equations are derived to provide easy-to-use design tools. The inverter is inherently short-circuit-proof, but cannot operate safely with an open circuit at the resonant frequency. Safe operation with an open circuit can be achieved if the operating frequency is sufficiently lower or higher than the resonant frequency. Experimental results are given for two F40 fluorescent lamps connected in series, using MTP5N40 MOSFETs. The operating frequency was 50 kHz at full power and 70 kHz at 20% of full power. At full power, the efficiency of the Class D inverter was 95.6% and the efficiency of the power factor corrector was 93%. The overall efficiency of the ballast was 89.4% at full power