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《中国生物制品学杂志》2014,(9)
目的从被污染的蝴蝶兰初代培养基中分离筛选苏云金芽孢杆菌伴胞晶体产生菌,并进行鉴定。方法分离自被污染的蝴蝶兰初代培养基的苏云金芽孢杆菌经富集后,筛选伴胞晶体产生菌BZ-1,显微镜观察进行鉴定;采用PCR法分析菌株BZ-1的16S rDNA和脂肽抗生素合成相关基因,SDS-PAGE分析菌株的伴胞晶体;制备菌株发酵粗提液,提取活性物质,分别置于不同温度(50、60、80、100℃)30 min、用不同的蛋白酶(蛋白酶K、胰蛋白酶)于37℃处理30 min,以枯草芽孢杆菌作为指示菌检测菌株的抑菌活性;并检测菌株对小菜蛾的毒力。结果菌株BZ-1能产生芽孢,并在芽孢旁形成多个无规则伴胞晶体;该菌株的16S rDNA扩增产物测序结果经与GenBank中登录的16S rDNA核苷酸序列进行BLAST比对,与B.anthracis str.Ames(NR_074453)、B.cereus(NR_074540)和B.thuringiensis Bt407(NR_102506)菌株相似度达99%,表明菌株BZ-1属于芽孢杆菌属,结合扫描电镜观察结果,可初步确定该菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌;该菌株可扩增出脂肽抗生素合成相关基因sfp、mycB、ituA、fenB;该菌株从培养2 d芽孢形成后开始分泌相对分子质量约130 000的晶体蛋白,4 d时蛋白表达量增加,6 d后蛋白表达量基本达到稳定;该菌株具有一定的热稳定性,对蛋白酶K具有一定的耐受性;该菌株于30℃培养6 d,对小菜蛾表现出较高的毒力。结论从被污染的蝴蝶兰初代培养基中分离筛选的苏云金芽孢杆菌伴胞晶体产生菌BZ-1所产的抗菌物质主要抑制革兰阳性细菌,具有较高的毒力,可作为原始菌株发酵进行田间生物防治,也可为构建杀虫基因工程菌以及培育抗虫转基因植物提供高毒力的候选基因,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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为拓展化学-酶促合成氰氟草酯的生物催化剂来源,通过以橄榄油为唯一碳源,从采集的四份不同土样中筛选出六株长势良好的菌株,并对其分别进行了脂肪酶活性的测定和耐有机溶剂能力的考查。结果表明:六株菌株所产脂肪酶大部分为胞内酶,并对部分有机溶剂具有一定的耐受性,其中从合肥飞跃油脂化工厂筛选出的一种菌株(S5)具有广谱的有机溶剂耐受性。所得的六株菌株中,仅有S5菌株所产脂肪酶具有一定的催化该酯交换反应的能力,30℃反应6 h,产物收率为9.8%。经鉴定,S5菌株为蜡质芽孢杆菌,被命名为Bacillus cereus TRY。 相似文献
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放线菌IPS-54代谢产物的农用活性 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
从吉林土样中分离筛选的放线菌IPS-54菌株的代谢产物同时具有杀菌、除草活性。杀菌活性生测结果表明:IPS-54菌株发酵液对烟草赤星病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌等13种供试病原真菌的菌丝生长抑制率均在80%以上;对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌和假丝酵母菌的抑菌圈直径大于20mm;盆栽试验表明对小麦白粉病菌的保护和治疗作用均大于70%,大田防治番茄灰霉病菌的防效在50%以上。除草活性生测结果表明:IPS-54菌株发酵液对反枝苋主茎的抑制率为91.9%,对稗草主茎的抑制率为88.2%。 相似文献
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总的说来,现在生物杀虫剂有很大的潜力,特别是细菌性杀虫剂在逐渐取代目前所使用的一些污染环境的、广谱的、成本高的化学杀虫剂。许多化学杀虫剂能长期存留在环境中,杀死多种生物。而且,据说靶标生物对化学合成的杀虫剂比那些微生物来源的杀虫剂可能更易产生抗药性。已经了解自然界中有1,500种微生物或微生物的代谢物具有杀虫特性。并且,这些微生物正在增加新型的产毒菌株——遗传工程的产品。在虫体寄生菌中,形成孢子的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)已成为大多数杀虫剂研究者的课题。值得注意的有苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis)、日本甲虫芽孢杆菌(B.popilliae)、球形芽孢杆菌(B.sphaericus)和缓病芽孢杆菌(B.lentimorbus)。商品化发展集中于苏云金芽孢杆菌的毒素,全世界将它施 相似文献
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[目的]筛选水稻纹枯病绿色防控的药剂。[方法]采用生长速率法和叶面喷雾法分别测定3种生物农药对水稻纹枯病菌的室内毒力和田间防效。[结果]大蒜素和中生菌素对水稻纹枯病菌的室内EC50值分别为29.10、29.03 mg/L,枯草芽孢杆菌EC50值为23.90亿活芽孢/L;6%大蒜素EW 200~1 200 mg a.i./L、3%中生菌素WP 50~300 mg a.i./L和1 000亿活芽孢/g枯草芽孢杆菌WP 400~1 500亿活芽孢/L药后7、14 d对水稻纹枯病的田间防效均在66%以上。[结论]大蒜素、中生菌素和枯草芽孢杆菌适用于水稻纹枯病的防治。 相似文献
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报道了配合物GdI3.2CS(NH2)2.10H2O的新合成方法,通过元素分析、X-射线粉末衍射、红外光谱、质谱、差热-热重分析,确定了配合物的组成和结构,首次测定了配体碘化钆、硫脲和配合物对枯草芽孢杆菌、葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。抗菌活性测试结果表明,所有试样对枯草芽孢杆菌的杀死作用显著,且高浓度溶液(0.05 mol/L)比低浓度溶液(0.01 mol/L)的抗菌效果好;对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的杀死作用不明显;浓度为0.05 mol/L时,配合物GdI3.2CS(NH2)2.10H2O对枯草芽孢杆菌的杀死作用大于CS(NH2)2和GdI3.9H2O。 相似文献
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Extraction and quantification of polyphenols from coffee pulp 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The polyphenol content of coffee pulp extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The use of polyvynilpirrolidone (PVP) was introduced in order to eliminate interferences. Condensed polyphenols in the extracts were determined by the method of acidified vanillin. Chlorogenic acid and catechin were used as standards for Folin-Ciocalteau and Vanillin methods, respectively, and a calibration curve was constructed for each solvent. The solvents used were methanol, methanol-water (50:50), ammonium hydroxide (3%) and calcium hydroxide (1%), using times of extraction of 10 minutes and 1 hour. No differences were found in the amount of polyphenols extracted by the different solvents at the two extraction times. After 10 minutes, the alkaline solvents NH4OH (3%) and Ca(OH)2 (1%), extracted more polyphenols than the other two solvents. Nevertheless, ammonium hydroxide (3%) was more efficient in extracting condensed polyphenols. The results herein presented suggest that treating coffee pulp with mild alkaline solvents may improve its nutritive value. 相似文献
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以季铵盐和氢氧化钠为原料,经Hofmann消除反应合成了[2,2]-对二甲苯环二体及其氯代物。考察了催化剂种类、反应物料摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对收率的影响。合成[2,2]-对二甲苯环二体的较优工艺条件为:苯醌为催化剂,n(NaOH):n(季铵盐)=5:1,120℃反应12h,[2,2]-对二甲苯环二体的收率为51.2%。合成氯代-[2,2]-对二甲苯环二体的较优工艺条件为:苯醌为催化剂,n(NaOH):n(季铵盐)=5:1,采用将氢氧化钠溶液滴入季铵盐的反滴工艺,110℃反应14h,氯代-[2,2]-对二甲苯环二体的收率为48.6%。用IR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了表征。 相似文献
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Catalytic hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Jeffrey B. Hoke Gary A. Gramiccioni Edward N. Balko 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》1992,1(4):285-296
Feasibility studies have shown that complete destruction of chlorophenols by hydrodechlorination over palladium/carbon is possible under mild reaction conditions. When hydrogen was used as the reducing agent, all chlorophenols investigated could be cleanly hydrodechlorinated to phenol at 35°C and 35 psi (1 PSI=6.895 kPa). In general, increasing the degree of chlorine substitution on the phenol ring decreased the rate of dechlorination. Base was required for the reaction to occur, and ammonium hydroxide was found to be superior to sodium hydroxide, sodium acetate, and triethylamine. Aging studies using 4-chlorophenol as substrate showed dramatic improvement in catalyst lifetime when a 50/50 mixture of ethanol/water was used as the reaction solvent instead of ethanol. In the case of 4-chlorophenol which has significant water solubility, hydrodechlorination also worked well when water was the solvent. When hydrazine (sulfate or hydrate) was used as the reducing agent, all chlorophenols investigated could be cleanly dechlorinated to phenol without the need for a pressure apparatus. Except for pentachlorophenol which required a higher reaction temperature (50°C), dechlorinations were accomplished at room temperature. Using 4-chlorophenol as substrate, both water and 50/50 ethanol/water were found to be superior reaction solvents to ethanol. 相似文献
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针对现有土壤阳离子交换量测定标准的不足,为了提高分析效率、减少试剂消耗,采用乙酸铵静置交换对测定方法的前处理过程进行改进,结合全自动定氮仪测定土壤中阳离子交换量。结果表明,对不同酸碱性质的土壤标准样品进行测定,其结果均在允许的误差范围内,相对误差为0.8%~1.0%,测定土壤标准样品及实际样品的相对标准偏差为1.4%~2.5%(n=7),乙醇用量至少减少50%,选用100目的土壤进行实验最方便。优化后的方法为准确、高效、经济的检测土壤中阳离子交换量提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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Yilin Liu Chen Li Lei Huang Yun He Tingting Zhao Bo Han Xiaoqiang Jia 《中国化学工程学报》2017,25(12):1838-1846
Under the guidance of strain tolerance, a new combinationmethod for crude oil-degrading bacterial consortium was studied. Firstly,more than 50 efficient crude oil-degrading and biosurfactant producing bacteriawere isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil andwater in Tianjin Binhai New Area Oilfield, China. Twenty-four of them were selected for further study. These strains were identified as belonging Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus brevis, Achromobacter sp., Acinetobacter venetianus, Lysinibacillus macroides, Klebsiella oxytoca, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, Rhodococcus sp. and Bacillus thuringiensis. A shake-flask degradation test revealed that 12 of these strains could degrade over 50% of 1% crude oil concentration in 7 d. Of these, 8 strains were able to produce biosurfactants. Furthermore, environmental tolerance experiments indicated that the majority of the strains had the ability to adapt to extreme environments including high temperatures, alkaline environments and high salinity environments. A mixed bacterial agent comprising the strains WB2, W2, W3 and HA was developed based on the environmental tolerance tests and subjected to the pilot-scale degradation test indicating that this bacterial agent could degrade 85.2% of 0.8% crude oil concentration in 60 d. Our results suggest that the application of this mixed agent could remediate crude oil polluted soils in saline and alkaline environments. 相似文献
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从焦化废水生物处理池的活性污泥中筛选出脱色能力较强的3株芽孢杆菌。考察了细菌处理焦化废水时,接种量、温度、pH值、处理时间和土壤液添加量等对脱色效率的影响,获得了菌株1、菌株2、菌株3脱色的最佳条件为:接种量的体积分数均为10%,温度均为35℃,pH值分别为6.0、6.0、7.0,土壤液添加量的体积分数分别为0.4%、0.3%、0.2%。在此脱色条件下,经过3d的处理,3株菌可以将焦化废水的色度由811倍分别降低到188、154、108倍,脱色率分别为76.8%、81.0%、86.7%。色度的降低符合一级动力学方程,研究结果为高色度焦化废水的深度处理提供了新的技术途径。 相似文献
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以左旋磷霉素右旋苯乙胺盐为原料与氢氧化钠反应制备磷霉素钠(FS),考察了反应温度、投料时间、保温时间、氢氧化钠浓度、原料配比等因素对磷霉素钠收率的影响,并优化了磷霉素钠的析晶条件。确定适宜的合成工艺条件为:反应温度37~38℃、投料时间20min、保温时间60min、氢氧化钠浓度5mol·L^-1、左磷右胺盐与氢氧化钠摩尔比1:1.7,在此条件下.磷霉素钠的收率达85.4%。用无水乙醇在60℃、磷霉素钠投料量与乙醇用量比为1:4(mol:L)的条件下可析出晶型良好的磷霉素钠结晶粉末。 相似文献