环境压力下吸热燃机复合系统性能

环境压力吸热燃气轮机循环（APGC）能够吸收发电装置排出的低压废气能量,增加系统本身的做功能力和效率,达到节能、减少燃料消耗的目的。本文基于Aspen Plus软件建立了APGC以及与回热Brayton循环组成的复合循环模型,给出了APGC的结构示意图,模拟和分析了回热Brayton循环（BC）和APGC组成的复合系统性能。通过对回热复合循环性能的分析得出,系统最佳性能可以通过改变底部循环膨胀压力和顶层循环压比获得,并提出加权分析方法,具有一定的理论设计和实践应用的指导意义。     

固体氧化物燃料电池系统及其应用

对固体氧化物燃料电池系统和单体电池及其工作原理、材料组成等作了简要介绍,并介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池在电厂混合发电方面与燃气轮机组成的联合系统技术以及以天然气为燃料家庭热电联产方面的应用。并指出固体氧化物燃料电池由于其高效、环保清洁将是未来能源利用的主要方式。     

译海撷英

高效燃气发电机的开发三菱重工株式会社(MHI)将开始开发三重联合循环发电系统的基本技术,该发电系统将固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)和燃气轮机联合循环(GTCC)发电系统集成为一体。在日本新能源产业技术综合开发机构(NEDO)的保护伞下,     

煤气化联合循环效率分析及评价

我国未来十年的煤基发电预期在电力供应中所占比重将有较大增长,随着发电用煤量的增加,气体、液体和固体废物的排放亦随之增加。为此,需着手新技术的开发。煤气化联合循环发电同时采用燃气轮机和蒸汽轮机发电,使环境控制和总系统效率有相当大的提高。本文概述了煤气化联合循环发电的概念和特点,同时对其系统效率进行了分析和作出评价。     

焦炉煤气利用项目的经济性评价

综合考虑技术和经济等因素,选取了合成甲醇、联合循环发电、热电联产和内燃机发电4种焦炉煤气利用项目。按照经济可行性分析的步骤,对选取的4种焦炉煤气利用项目进行了经济性评价,结果表明,4种焦炉煤气利用项目均可盈利,并且合成甲醇项目的内部收益率最高。从原料价格、产品价格以及产品产量方面,对4种项目进行了敏感性分析,找出了影响各项目经济性的最敏感因素。     

中国煤层气发电技术发展和应用现状

煤层气发电是煤层气利用的重要途径之一,以中国"十一五"期间煤层气发电的进展为背景,研究并分析了燃气发电设备在煤层气发电方面应用的优缺点以及适用范围,重点对基于内燃机的联合循环和热电(冷)联产系统方案进行分析,指出内燃机发电机组在煤层气发电方面的应用较为广泛,大规模煤层气发电项目大多采用联合循环热电发电形式,较小规模则采用热电冷联产方案,并结合具体案例进行经济分析。最后,对煤层气发电项目发展方向进行了展望。     

氢燃料电池用于发电技术的研究现状

综述了氢燃料电池的发电技术背景,论述了氢燃料电池中氢气的来源有煤制氢、天然气制氢、工业副产氢和电解水制氢,并调研了目前氢燃料电池的应用方向,从技术水平、安全运营及绿色环保等角度,分析了国内外氢燃料电池发电技术的优势特征和应用现状。最后从电池性能、生产成本和能源利用率等方面对氢燃料电池发电技术的发展作出展望。     

天然气利用新技术

阐述了能源是实现我国经济可持续发展的重要保障．也是人类赖以生存的基础。分析了世界天然气新技术的发展．从燃气联合循环发电、汽车代用燃料、民用液化燃料、天然气制冷技术、燃料电池等五个方面讲述了天然气利用新技术的应用。     

工业过程余热回收利用技术研究进展

概述了余热利用的热交换技术、余热制冷制热技术、低温有机朗肯循环及Kaliana 循环余热发电技术的应用,并对其热力学原理以及研究方法进行了分析。认为研究推广低温有机朗肯循环及Kalina 循环等低温余热发电技术对提高余热利用率更加有效,余热制冷制热技术的应用必须与工艺过程相结合,加强计算机模拟在制冷过程的设计中的应用。     

燃气轮机运用于电石炉尾气联合循环发电的发展前景

燃气轮机用于电石炉尾气发电过程已取得了较好的经济效益.本文介绍了燃气轮机在国内外的发展情况,并针对燃气轮机的原理及特点进行分析,综合考虑各种因素的影响,对电石炉的种类及烟气特征进行说明,由此,说明了燃气轮机用于电石炉尾气联合循环发电具有很好的发展前景.     

Thermodynamic Analysis of an Integrated SOFC,Solar ORC and Absorption Chiller for Tri‐generation Applications

Thermodynamic performance assessment of an integrated tri‐generation energy system for power, heating and cooling production is conducted through energy and exergy analyses. Sustainability assessment is performed and some parametric studies are undertaken to analyze the impact of system parameters and environmental conditions on the system performance. The tri–generation system consists of (a) an internal reforming tubular type solid oxide fuel cell (IR‐SOFC), which works at ambient pressure and fueled with syngas, (b) a combustor and a air heat exchanger, (c) a heat recovery and steam generation unit (HRSG), (d) a two‐ stage Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) driven by exhaust gases of SOFC, (e) parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSC), and (f) a lithium‐bromide absorption chiller (AC) cycle driven by exhaust gases from SOFC unit. The largest irreversibility occurs at the SOFC unit due to high temperature requirement for reactions. Fuel utilization factor, recirculation ratio, dead state conditions, and solar unit parameters have influential effects on the system efficiencies. Energy and exergy efficiencies of tri‐generation unit become 85.1% and 32.62%, respectively, for optimum SOFC stack and environmental conditions. The overall system energy and exergy efficiencies are 56.25% and 15.44% higher than that of conventional SOFC systems, respectively.     

Combination of thermochemical recuperative coal gasification cycle and fuel cell for power generation

An integrated power generation cycle combining thermochemical recuperation, brown coal gasification and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was proposed based on the concept of thermochemical recuperative energy. Process simulation combining the coal gasifier, gas turbine cycle, and SOFC module was conducted using the ASPEN Plus process simulation tool. The simulation indicated that the cycle efficiency increases from 39.5% (HHV) without the SOFC to about 45% (HHV) with the SOFC.     

固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统的模拟与优化

固体氧化物燃料电池是21世纪最有希望作为分布式电源和大型电站的清洁高效的发电技术之一。针对1MW固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统,建立了描述SOFC电池堆电化学过程和特性的模型,并在此基础上建立了基于Aspen Plus软件平台的SOFC发电系统模型,对其系统参数进行了灵敏度分析和优化。     

Performance analysis of integrated biomass gasification fuel cell (BGFC) and biomass gasification combined cycle (BGCC) systems

Biomass gasification processes are more commonly integrated to gas turbine based combined heat and power (CHP) generation systems. However, efficiency can be greatly enhanced by the use of more advanced power generation technology such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The key objective of this work is to develop systematic site-wide process integration strategies, based on detailed process simulation in Aspen Plus, in view to improve heat recovery including waste heat, energy efficiency and cleaner operation, of biomass gasification fuel cell (BGFC) systems. The BGFC system considers integration of the exhaust gas as a source of steam and unreacted fuel from the SOFC to the steam gasifier, utilising biomass volatilised gases and tars, which is separately carried out from the combustion of the remaining char of the biomass in the presence of depleted air from the SOFC. The high grade process heat is utilised into direct heating of the process streams, e.g. heating of the syngas feed to the SOFC after cooling, condensation and ultra-cleaning with the Rectisol^® process, using the hot product gas from the steam gasifier and heating of air to the SOFC using exhaust gas from the char combustor. The medium to low grade process heat is extracted into excess steam and hot water generation from the BGFC site. This study presents a comprehensive comparison of energetic and emission performances between BGFC and biomass gasification combined cycle (BGCC) systems, based on a 4th generation biomass waste resource, straws. The former integrated system provides as much as twice the power, than the latter. Furthermore, the performance of the integrated BGFC system is thoroughly analysed for a range of power generations, ～100–997 kW. Increasing power generation from a BGFC system decreases its power generation efficiency (69–63%), while increasing CHP generation efficiency (80–85%).     

基于SOFC/GT/TCO2复合动力循环和溴化锂制冷机的冷热电联供系统性能

提出了一种新型冷热电联供系统,通过TCO₂循环和溴化锂制冷机回收SOFC/GT循环的排烟余热,实现对外供冷、供热和供电。建立了联供系统热力性能的数学模型,对系统进行了能量分析和（火用）分析,并研究了空燃比、SOFC压力、CO₂工质流率、CO₂工质分流比和TCO₂泵出口压力对系统性能的影响。研究结果表明,在额定工况下,系统的净发电效率为70.79%,系统总（火用）效率为68.29%,综合能源利用率为108.5%。增大空燃比、CO₂工质分流比或降低SOFC工作压力、CO₂工质流率和TCO₂泵出口压力可提高联供系统的综合能源利用率;增大SOFC工作压力、TCO₂泵出口压力或降低空燃比可提高联供系统的净发电效率和总（火用）效率,随CO₂工质流率和CO₂工质分流比的增大,净发电效率和总（火用）效率先降低后增大。     

整体煤气化联合循环动力岛及系统特性研究

动力岛是整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）中复杂的关键单元,其中燃气轮机变工况性能的变化对蒸汽底循环及整个系统的影响较大。采用thermoflex软件建立IGCC系统模型,对200MW级IGCC系统的技术方案进行了探讨,从系统的角度详细分析了IGV可调等T3调节及空分整体化系数Xas和氮气回注系数Xgn对动力岛及整个系统的影响。结果表明：在采用IGV可调等乃调节时,在80％负荷时系统各参数出现转折点;随着Xas的增加,系统供电效率略有上升,但是系统总功下降;在Xas为30％时,随着氮气回注系数Xgn的变化,系统的各参数在Xgn为70％时出现峰值。     

Fuzzy Logic Applied to the Inverter of a SOFC Power Plant

Solid‐oxide fuel cell (SOFC) units normally supply power to the local load centers but the excess power can also be exported to the regional power grid, adding to the capacity and stability of the overall grid system. A SOFC power plant is equipped with a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. This paper presents the design of a new fuzzy logic regulator for a three‐phase inverter, using the strategy of an inverter flux vector control method. Criteria for designing the fuzzy controller are given and a comparison with the hysteresis method is presented. The flux vector approach is to generate the command pulses for low ripple current and constant switching frequency.