以沼液为原料的微生物燃料电池产电降解特性

为提高生物质能源利用效率,降低废水处理成本,实验构建单室无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC),碳布作为阴阳极材料,将牛粪沼液作为接种液及底物进行产电性能测试,同时考察了MFC对该沼液的降解效果。结果表明,MFC能够利用沼液进行产电,最高输出电压330 mV,内阻10 kΩ,最大功率密度为10.98 mW·m-2,沼液中的不可溶性物质是导致MFC输出电压、功率密度低的重要原因。MFC的运行对沼液中的有机物、氮、磷等物质具有一定的降解能力,24 h内去除率分别达到20.73%、67.82%、72.56%。因此,MFC作为产生电能的新方法,在联合处理沼液等有机废水节能减排方面具有广阔前景。     

利用微生物燃料电池同步降解沼液和三苯基氯化锡

微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为一种同步产电和除污的新型电化学装置,为有效处理难降解有机污染物提供了一种途径。基于阴极Fenton反应,提出了一种耦合典型双室MFC中阳极沼液产电及阴极降解有机锡的新方法。结果表明,阳极产电生物膜经驯化后MFC的最高电压提高了50.32%,而且电压稳定时间延长了1倍。MFC运行结束后,阳极沼液COD、总氮、总磷的去除率分别为85.35%±1.53%、59.20%±5.24%、44.98%±3.57%。阴极三苯基氯化锡(TPTC)的降解率随其初始浓度增加而降低。在添加100 μmol·L^-1 TPTC时,MFC的最高输出电压为280.2 mV,最大功率密度为145.62 mW·m^-2。TPTC在14 d后完全降解,降解效率为91.88%,降解速率约为0.273 μmol·L^-1·h^-1。研究结果可为利用MFC同步处理阳极有机废水和阴极有机污染物的实际应用提供基础支持。     

电极改性强化微生物燃料电池产电同步降解有机污染物研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种利用微生物作为催化剂就能实现同步产电及降解有机污染物的绿色能源装置.电极作为MFC的重要组成部分,在提高污染物降解及产电能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用.介绍了MFC电极,主要包括碳基/合成材料修饰电极、导电聚合物/复合物修饰电极、金属/金属氧化物修饰电极及其他材料修饰电极及其最新研究进展,对...     

微生物燃料电池阳极产电微生物研究进展

微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cells,简称 MFCs）是一种生物电化学混合系统,利用微生物的氧化代谢作用将有机物或者无机物中的能量转化为电能,具有节能、减少污泥生成及能量转换的突出优势,目前得到研究者们的广泛关注。其中产电微生物是MFCs系统的核心组成部分,筛选及培养高效产电微生物对促进MFCs的产电性能具有重要作用。通过对产电微生物电子传递机制、产电微生物种类以及影响微生物产电的因素进行分析总结,综述了阳极产电微生物的最新研究进展,最后从微生物角度展望了未来的研究方向,以期为产电微生物在MFCs中的应用提供指导和支持。     

同步废水处理及产电的微生物燃料电池研究进展

同步废水水处理及产电的微生物燃料电池是利用生物催化剂直接把化学能转化为电能,具有能量转化率高、污泥产率低、反应条件温和等优点。本文阐述了微生物燃料电池的工作原理及电子传递机理,综述了其最新的研究进展,并对微生物燃料电池在污水处理领域的发展方向作了展望。     

反转极性微生物燃料电池同步降解偶氮染料与产电研究

通过双生物电极双室型微生物燃料电池(MFC)的反转极性运行实现了低浓度缓冲液下同步降解偶氮染料和产电。在添加5 mmol磷酸缓冲液和不调节pH值的情况下,反转极性前,阳极pH值由7.0降低到5.0,阴极pH值先由7.0升高到7.6~7.8,再降低到7.3~7.5。反转极性后,阳极积累的H+被新生OH-中和,pH值升高到7.5,阴极积累的OH-被新生H+中和,pH值降低到5.5,实现了pH值自中和。反转极性稳定运行3个月,产生了0.20~0.25 V稳定电压输出。反转极性降低了阴、阳极极化,改善了阴、阳极性能,功率密度比反转极性前提高31%。刚果红首先在阳极脱色,24 h内脱色率达90%,阳极反转为阴极后继续好氧降解脱色产物,272 h内矿化率达到50%以上。12个月的运行结果表明,MFC对刚果红的降解效果长期稳定。     

微生物燃料电池处理偶氮含盐废水的产电性能和降解过程

偶氮含盐废水生化处理流程复杂、电耗高,且降解机理尚不明确。本研究基于酸性重铬酸钾法水热处理获取改性阳极,进而构建微生物燃料电池（microbial fuel cell,MFC）对偶氮含盐废水进行处理。考察了不同二价阴离子对MFC产电性能和降解有机物效果的影响,并探究了MFC对直接红13的降解机理。结果表明,偶氮含盐废水中含有硫酸钠时的产电性能高于含有碳酸钠的情况,MFC最大功率密度为265.38mW/m²、最大电流密度为1.10A/m²;MFC处理偶氮含盐废水时,对直接红13的去除率低于无额外添加盐时的效果（71.13%）,对葡萄糖共基质的降解影响程度为：添加硫酸钠>添加碳酸钠>无额外添加盐。微生物群落和降解产物分析表明,MFC阳极生物膜通过变形菌门、拟杆菌门等微生物的协同作用实现了对直接红13的生物电化学降解,产电下降解产物以还原产物芳香胺为主。     

异养反硝化微生物燃料电池脱氮产电性能研究

构建了双室型微生物燃料电池(MFC),探讨了异养反硝化底物降解、产电特性和指示作用。结果表明:有机物是影响异养反硝化微生物燃料电池产电和污水处理性能的关键影响因素,未加入有机物时MFC产电仅有10 m V;MFC的电信号能较好地反映亚硝氮、COD基质浓度的变化情况,因此可用电压变化指示底物的降解过程;在不考虑菌体水解、同化作用所引起氨氮浓度的增加问题时,亦可用时间来指示氨氮的降解过程。     

双室型微生物燃料电池降解罗丹明B染料废水

染料废水含有大量有机污染物,还具有色度高、COD高、盐分高等特点,是典型的难降解有机废水。微生物燃料电池可利用阳极微生物降解有机物的同时产生电子经外电路传递至阴极,实现降解和产电双同时的功能。组装数组双室型微生物燃料电池,以污水厂厌氧好氧混合污泥为接种源进行接种,以罗丹明B模拟染料废水为目标污染物,考察微生物燃料电池阳极降解染料废水的效果,优化了染料废水初始浓度、p H值、外接电阻等实验条件,通过对降解过程中间产物的测定推断罗丹明B废水在微生物燃料电池体系的降解路径和机理。     

微生物燃料电池中阳极产电菌的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFCs)是一种生物电化学混合系统,利用微生物的氧化代谢作用将有机物或者无机物中的能量转化为电能,具有节能、减少污泥生成及能量转换的突出优势,已引起广泛关注。其中,产电微生物是MFCs系统的核心组成部分,筛选及培养高效产电微生物对促进MFCs的产电性能具有重要作用。对产电微生物电子传递机制、产电微生物种类以及影响微生物产电的因素进行分析总结;综述了阳极产电微生物的最新研究进展;最后,从微生物角度展望了阳极产电微生物未来的研究方向,以期为产电微生物在MFCs中的应用提供指导和支持。     

直接微生物燃料电池的影响因素

以厌氧污泥作为初始接种体,构建了一个直接微生物燃料电池,并经过160h的驯化,获得最大电压为590mV(1000Ω),并考察了不同底物和催化剂对电池性能的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖的最大功率密度(669mW/m2)要高于丁二酸的最大功率密度(235mW/m2)。通过比较电极电位,发现阳极电位随外电阻的变化较大,这主要是混合菌对不同底物的利用能力存在差异,可通过选择合适的产电菌来提高丁二酸产电的性能;并以锰作为阴极催化剂,其最大输出功率密度为147mW/m2,与铂作为阴极催化剂有一定的差距,还需进一步优化催化剂配比和制备工艺。     

人工湿地-微生物燃料电池系统的发展及展望

人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统是一种新型生物电化学工艺。在该系统中,人工湿地为微生物燃料电池提供所需的氧化还原梯度和化学能,而微生物燃料电池可以提高人工湿地的处理效能并通过产电的方式回收能源,目前研究主要集中在水处理方面。本文结合近几年人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统的发展,从系统构建和系统性能的影响因素两个方面综述了人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统的研究现状,其中影响因素包括系统的组成要素（湿地植物、电极材料、基质材料和微生物）和系统运行参数（有机负荷和废水成分、水力停留时间、溶解氧和进水方式）两个方面。最后提出了人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统需要解决的主要问题：提高系统的库仑效率,进一步降低构建成本,提高系统去污及产电的综合性能,使该系统最终实现产业化。     

Electricity generation from terephthalic acid using a microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: Pure terephthalic acid (PTA) is a petrochemical product of global importance and is widely applied as an important raw material in making polyester fiber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. In this work, a single‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed using terephthalic acid (TA) with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration range from 500 mg L^?1 to 3500 mg L^?1 as the electron donor and strain PA‐18 as the biocatalyst. RESLUTS: In the single chamber MFC, several factors were examined to determine their effects on power output, including COD concentration and electrode spacing. The characteristic of the strain PA‐18 was further studied. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electrons were directly transferred onto the anode by bacteria in biofilms, rather than self‐produced mediators of bacteria in the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the anodic electrode surface was covered by bacteria which were responsible for electron transfer. Direct 16s‐rDNA analysis showed that the PA‐18 bacteria shared 99% 16SrDNA sequence homology with Pseudomonas sp. CONCLUSIONS: Electricity generation from TA in MFC was observed for the first time. The maximum power density produced by TA was 160 mW m^?2, lower than that achieved using domestic wastewater. This novel technology provided an economical route for electricity energy recovery in PTA wastewater treatment. High internal resistance was the major limitation. To further improve the power output, the electron transfer rate was accelerated by overexpression of membrane the protein gene of the strain PA‐18 and by reducing the electrolyte and mass transfer resistance by optimizing reactor configuration. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Continuous microbial fuel cell using a photoautotrophic cathode and a fermentative anode

A complete microbial fuel cell (MFC) operating under continuous flow conditions and using Chlorella vulgaris at the cathode and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the anode was investigated for the production of electricity. The MFC was loaded with different resistances to characterise its power capabilities and voltage dynamics. A cell recycle system was also introduced to the cathode to observe the effect of microalgae cell density on steady‐state power production and dynamic voltage profiles. At the maximum microalgae cell density of 2140 mg/L, a maximum power level of 0.6 mW/m² of electrode surface area was achieved. The voltage difference between the cathode and anode decreased as the resistance decreased within the closed circuit, with a maximum open circuit voltage (infinite resistance) of 220 mV. The highest current flow of 1.0 mA/m² of electrode surface area was achieved at an applied resistance of 250 Ω.     

Biocatalytic electrode improvement strategies in microbial fuel cell systems

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) produce electricity as a result of the microbial metabolism of organic substrates, hence they represent a sustainable approach for energy production and waste treatment. If the technology is to be implemented in industry, low cost and sustainable bioelectrodes must be developed to increase power output, increase waste treatment capacity, and improve service intervals. Although the current application of abiotic electrode catalysts, such as platinum and electrode binders such as Nafion leads to greater MFC performance, their use is cost prohibitive. Novel bioelectrodes which use cost effective and sustainable materials are being developed. These electrodes are developed with the intention to reduce start-up time, reduce costs, extend life-span and improve core MFC performance metrics (i.e. power density, current density, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and Coulombic efficiency (CE)). Comparison of different MFC systems is not an easy task. This is due to variations in MFC design, construction, operation, and different inocula (in the case of mixed-culture MFCs). This high intra-system variability should be considered when assessing MFC data, operation and performance. This review article examines the major issues surrounding bioanode and biocathode improvement in different MFC systems, with the ultimate goal of streamlining and standardising improvement processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

微生物燃料电池及其应用研究进展

简单叙述了微生物燃料电池(MFC)的基本结构及运行原理,从MFC的阳极微生物、阴极结构等方面介绍了MFC的发展现状和研究重点,分析了MFC在替代能源、生物传感器和开发新型水处理工艺等方面的应用前景,指出进一步的研究重点应放在改善电极电化学性能、提高电池输出功率密度和降低电池成本等方面。     

A study of a microbial fuel cell battery using manure sludge waste

The cell voltage and power performance of a microbial fuel cell utilising waste carbohydrate as a fuel, that does not use a mediator, catalysts or a proton exchange membrane, is reported. Tests were conducted with the cell operated essentially as a battery using manure sludge as fuel and with oxygen reduction in an aqueous solution. Using carbon cloth as both anode and cathode, the cell produced peak power of the order of 5 mW m^?2. The cell performance was not greatly influenced by the quantity of fuel used and required a suitable separation between the cathode, anode and sludge/water interface. Agitation of the sludge did not adversely affect the cell performance, indicating that a continuous fuel cell system could be operated using the manure sludge. Using a platinised carbon cathode doubled the power density to over 10 mW m^?2. The use of nickel as an alternative cathode catalyst was not found to be effective under the conditions of operation of the cell. The cell power performance was found to be consistent and stable over the 3 month duration of the tests, after which point over 95% consumption of carbohydrate was achieved. Examination of the carbon anodes after the tests showed consistent formation of a biofilm on the surface of the fibres. A cell stack design based on multiple pocket anodes containing the fuel sludge has also been demonstrated. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry