超疏水PET织物的制备及其抗菌性能

纺织物表面的超疏水特性将赋予其优异的自清洁性能。以PET无纺布为基材,探索了利用溶胶-凝胶法在预处理后的PET织物表面构筑具有微纳结构的超疏水涂层的方法;并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测量仪表征了改性PET织物表面的微观结构和润湿性。进一步地,分别以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌株,通过细菌转移法和抑菌圈法评价与分析了改性PET织物表面的抗菌性能。研究表明:利用改进的Stber溶胶-凝胶过程能够在经碱减量法预处理的PET表面原位形成SiO2纳米粒子;再用含疏水性长链的十二烷基硅烷对这一表面进行改性,并经过表面热处理,就能够成功地在PET织物表面构筑多层次的微/纳结构,从而制得表面具有超疏水特性的PET织物,其接触角可达到163°。这一超疏水PET织物能够抑制细菌在其表面的生长繁殖,表现出了明显的抗菌特性。     

润湿性对微纳复合结构表面池沸腾换热的影响

为揭示润湿性对微纳复合结构表面池沸腾传热的影响,采用电刷镀工艺和表面改性技术在紫铜表面制备了接触角分别为6.5°和148.6°的超亲水性和超疏水性微纳复合结构,通过实验对比研究了不同表面的饱和池沸腾传热特性,结果表明:(1)超亲水性和超疏水性微纳复合结构的最大换热系数较光表面分别提高了3倍和1.5倍;(2)在q580k W×m~(-2)的低热流密度区,超疏水性微纳复合结构的换热系数最大;当q580 k W×m~(-2)时,超亲水性微纳复合结构的传热性能开始优于超疏水性微纳复合结构;(3)超亲水性微纳复合结构表面的临界热流密度较光表面和超疏水性微纳复合结构分别提高了110%与60%;微纳复合结构显著增加了受热表面的气泡核化密度,而亲水性微纳复合结构的毛细吸液能力要显著强于疏水性微纳复合结构,是临界热流密度增大的主要机理。     

采用PDMS/SiO2气凝胶材料制备的泳衣超疏水性能研究

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷为主体,甲醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法,常压干燥制备出块状疏水SiO₂气凝胶材料,并将SiO₂气凝胶材料应用到泳衣面料中,制备了超疏水功能的面料织物。文章通过选取具有一定拒水特性的进口泳衣进行进行疏水性能、拒水级别、耐水洗、包裹物漂浮和运动员泳池测试,通过测试结果分析其摩擦减阻性能。结果表明在利用纳米技术完成据水处理后能够获得更大的水接触角,达到了156°左右,约提升38°;达到超疏水效果,且具有三维网络连续多孔微结构;经PDMS/SiO₂气凝胶混合液整理泳衣织物的接触点达到155.4°,结合PDMS对气凝胶及织物之间的粘连处的作用,实现超疏水效果。     

硫化天然橡胶超疏水表面的微纳结构设计与构筑

以硫化后的天然橡胶(NR)材料为基体,将其在一定的溶剂中溶胀,然后采用溶胶-凝胶技术使纳米SiO_2颗粒在橡胶溶胀层和表面原位生成、生长,在硫化NR表面构筑出类似荷叶的微纳米结构,达到使NR表面超疏水化的目的。通过调控影响溶胶-凝胶反应的溶胀剂和反应剂的种类及浓度,控制硫化NR表面的微纳米结构的尺寸和形态,并对比分析不同的微纳米结构对硫化NR表面疏水性能的影响。结果表明,采用正丁胺作为溶胀剂,在正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)试剂中发生溶胶-凝胶反应,用硬脂酸(SA)对硫化NR表面修饰,成功使硫化NR表面超疏水化,其水接触角达到153.5°。扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明,硫化NR表面形成了"类荷叶"的高粗糙度SiO_2微纳米复合结构。     

耐化学腐蚀FAS-TiO_2超疏水网制备及其油水分离性能

采用溶胶凝胶法在不锈钢网上涂覆二氧化钛(TiO_2)颗粒构筑了微纳米级粗糙表面,然后通过氟硅烷(FAS)接枝改性降低表面能,制备了一种耐化学腐蚀的氟硅烷-二氧化钛(FAS-TiO_2)超疏水网,并将其应用在油水分离中。采用水接触角(WCA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对FAS-TiO_2网进行了表征,分析了FAS-TiO_2网的实际应用性能。结果表明水滴与所制备的网表面接触角为159°,且滑动角非常小;FAS-TiO_2超疏水网在腐蚀性溶液,极性有机溶剂及热溶液中具有优异的化学、热稳定性及再循环使用能力。而且FAS-TiO_2超疏水网能够仅利用重力驱动,快速高效地分离各种油水混合物。在苛刻的酸、碱、盐和热环境下FAS-TiO_2网重复使用30次,其油水分离效率仍然保持在95%以上。FAS-TiO_2网制备过程简易、性能优异,在油水分离中有着广泛的适用性。     

PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO2对蚕丝织物自修复超疏水整理

为了赋予蚕丝织物自清洁与防污性能,首先利用多巴胺(DA)在CuSO₄/H₂O₂氧化体系下快速聚合形成聚多巴胺(PDA)沉积在蚕丝织物表面,再通过十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DTMS)改性的纳米TiO₂对沉积PDA的织物进行超疏水功能整理。通过FTIR、SEM、XPS、接触角测量仪对改性前后蚕丝织物的化学组成、表面微观结构、疏水性能进行表征,测试了改性蚕丝织物的自清洁与防污性、疏水自修复性和抗紫外线性能。结果表明,PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO₂改性蚕丝织物表面具有分布均匀的微纳结构,且与原蚕丝织物相比,织物表面自由能下降;其水接触角为156°、滚动角为5°,防紫外线系数(UPF)为75.81,具有良好的防污自清洁能力和抗紫外线性能,与原蚕丝织物相比透气性略有下降;经O₂等离子体10次的刻蚀-修复循环或1200次机械磨损-修复循环后,蚕丝织物的疏水修复率均>96%,耐环境损伤的自修复效果明显。此外,洗涤25次后,PDA/DTMS-纳米TiO₂     

铜基超疏水表面防覆冰/抗霜冻特性分析

超疏水表面具有良好的防覆冰性能,有望改善低温条件下设备和设施的可靠性。本文采用氨气腐蚀法,制备具有微纳结构的铜表面,通过低表面能氟硅烷修饰后,金属铜表面表现出超疏水特性,其水接触角可达152.1°。利用电镜扫描、接触角测量、结冰和结霜实验分别对超疏水铜表面的表面结构、湿润性能和防覆冰性能进行研究。结果表明,超疏水表面的防覆冰/抗霜冻性能不仅与表面的粗糙度有关,还受液滴在固体表面的湿润状态的影响。当液滴在具有微-纳米结构的超疏水表面处于Cassie状态时,液滴与金属表面的接触面积小,液滴结冰速率较慢,金属表面同时具有较好的防覆冰和抗结霜性;而当液滴在金属疏水表面处于Wenzel状态时,霜晶与固体表面的接触面积增加,加快霜层的生长,金属表面的抗结霜性明显降低。     

有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液对涤纶织物的防水整理

通过无乳化剂乳液聚合和溶胶-凝胶的方法成功合成了有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液,将有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液应用于涤纶织物的防水功能整理,扫描电镜结果表明,经过整理后的涤纶织物表面形成了一层均匀的薄膜。X射线光电子能谱结果表明,乳液中的氟硅链富集在涤纶织物表面,降低了涤纶织物的表面能。经过有机氟硅改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液整理后的涤纶织物的水接触角由0°增大到152.26°,这使得涤纶织物获得了超疏水能力;经过30次水洗后水接触角仍大于90°,这说明涤纶织物表面形成的疏水薄膜具有良好的耐久性。     

硅烷偶联剂改性无机氧化物超疏水涂层的研究进展

超疏水涂层具有特殊的润湿性，同时还具有良好的耐化学腐蚀性和机械性能，可以应用于众多领域。硅烷偶联剂改性无机氧化物可以降低涂层的表面能，使其具有超疏水性。本文归纳了溶胶—凝胶法、化学气相沉积法、模板法和刻蚀法制备无机氧化物超疏水涂层的优缺点，重点介绍了常见硅烷偶联剂改性无机氧化物超疏水涂层的特点，总结了超疏水涂层在织物、陶瓷材料、表面防冰、金属防腐和生物医学等领域的应用，并对硅烷偶联剂改性无机氧化物超疏水涂层目前存在的问题及改进方向进行了展望。     

超疏水铜网的低成本制备及油水分离应用研究

以铜网为基底,采用氧化法构筑微纳米粗糙结构表面,并用廉价无氟低表面能物质硬脂酸进行修饰,制备了具有超疏水特性的铜网。考察了制备条件对铜网疏水性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、接触角测试仪等对所得超疏水铜网表面的形貌、化学组成及浸润性等进行表征,同时探讨超疏水铜网在油水分离中的应用效果。结果表明,所制备的铜网表面具有超疏水特性,接触角为155°,成功应用于油水混合液的分离,油水分离效率达到了95.17%。     

High stability superhydrophobic glass-ceramic surface with micro–nano hierarchical structure

Inspired by the surface structure of lotus leaves, micro–nano hierarchical surface structures have been widely used for designing superhydrophobic surfaces. However, the conventionally designed superhydrophobic surface structures are fragile. In this study, a layer of micron-sized mullite whiskers was grown using molten salt on the surface of BaAl₂Si₂O₈ (BAS) glass ceramics. Subsquently, SiO₂ nanoparticles modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane were sprayed onto the whisker layer to form a superhydrophobic surface. The nanoparticles exhibit superhydrophobicity, which is protected by the whisker layer containing pores and bulges. This prohibits direct contact between the nanoparticles and external objects. Contact and rolling angle tests indicated that the surface contact angle of the micro–nano hierarchical structure is 158° and the rolling angle is less than 10°. The stability of the superhydrophobic surface was tested through ultraviolet light, long-time immersion in solutions with various pH values, water scouring, and sandpaper abrasion. The results showed that the contact angle is greater than 150°. This study is expected to provide a simple and effective method for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on ceramics on a large scale.     

自组装法制备PVDF-SiO2/PVSQ超疏水复合膜及膜蒸馏抗污染性能

采用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMOS)对SiO₂疏水改性,通过自组装法,将改性SiO₂接枝在商业PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)膜表面,使其表面达到超疏水。利用场发射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、接触角测量仪及毛细流孔径分析仪等仪器对改性前后膜的表面形貌、化学组成、接触角及孔径变化等性能参数进行表征。结果表明,VTMOS不仅对SiO₂疏水改性,还通过自身的水解缩聚反应,生成了规整圆球状的聚乙烯基倍半硅氧烷(PVSQ)微粒,纳米级SiO₂分布于微米级PVSQ表面,在改性膜表面构造了多层次微/纳米粗糙表面,在低表面能疏水基团乙烯基和甲氧基的共同作用下,成功实现了超疏水改性,改性膜水接触角达到159.5°,滚动角降至8.1°。以NaCl、HA和CaCl₂混合溶液为进料液,对商业PVDF膜和改性膜进行了长期直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)实验,探究其抗污染性能。结果表明,改性膜适用于长期DCMD实验,并表现出比商业PVDF膜更稳定的通量,截盐率始终大于99.99%,具有良好的稳定性和抗污染性能。     

SiO2/聚四氟乙烯杂化超疏水涂层的制备

通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了超疏水涂层。用硅烷偶联剂-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷对SiO2溶胶粒子表面改性,将改性后的溶胶与聚四氟乙烯乳液杂化后在玻璃上涂膜形成超疏水涂层。用红外光谱、数码显微镜、扫描电镜、综合热分析对涂层进行了表征。实验结果表明-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷能提高涂层的疏水性效果,涂层表面具有纳米/微米的粗糙结构,平均静态疏水角达到156°,滚动角6°。聚四氟乙烯低的表面能和涂层特殊的表面结构是形成超疏水的原因。     

Superhydrophobic and oleophilic micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO2 layers

This paper reports a novel fluorinated micro‐nano hierarchical Pd‐decorated SiO₂ structure (hereafter called Pd/SiO₂), which was formed by the deposition of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on SiO₂ microspheres. The SiO₂ layers with microscale roughness were fabricated by electrospraying a solution prepared using the sol‐gel process. Subsequently, the Pd NPs were deposited using an ultraviolet reduction process. The resulting surfaces exhibited a micro‐nano hierarchical morphology. After fluorination, the micro‐nano hierarchical surface exhibited outstanding water repellency with a water contact angle (WCA) of 170° and a sliding angle <5°, indicating excellent superhydrophobic properties. The layers exhibited good long‐term durability and excellent ultraviolet resistance. Interestingly, the surface was oleophilic (CA of oil ~10°). These results show the potential of employing superhydrophobic fluorinated Pd/SiO₂ layers in smart devices, such as self‐cleanable surfaces and intelligent water/oil separation systems.     

耐腐蚀超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的制备及其在油水分离过程中的应用

以不锈钢网为基底,通过化学刻蚀法制备微米级粗糙表面,通过一步浸泡法将st9ber法制得的疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒沉积到粗糙的不锈钢网表面,制备了具有微纳二级粗糙结构的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和接触角测量仪(CA)表征了超疏水超亲油不锈钢网的表面形貌、化学组成和润湿性能,并将其用于油水分离过程中。结果表明,疏水亲油纳米Si O2颗粒成功的沉积到不锈钢网表面;水滴在超疏水超亲油不锈钢网上的接触角最大为151°,煤油的接触角为0°;制备的超疏水超亲油不锈钢网不仅能高效的分离不同种类油和水的混合物,还能高效的分离油和腐蚀性液体(强酸或强碱水溶液)的混合物,其耐腐蚀特性可满足复杂环境下的油水分离要求。     

Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability,Self-Cleaning,and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization

In recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large-scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor-liquid sol-gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two-step process, including a vapor-liquid sol-gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self-cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.     

辊式涂布法构建纸基牢固超疏水表面

采用辊式涂布的方法在纸基材料上构建超疏水表面,并对超疏水表面的牢固性、自清洁性和疏水性能进行评价。用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷（POTS）对微米级和纳米级两种尺寸的TiO₂粒子进行疏水改性处理,然后将改性后的微/纳米TiO₂涂布在纸基材料表面。采用红外光谱（FTIR）对改性后的微/纳米TiO₂的化学组成进行了分析,采用扫描电镜（SEM）对涂布纸表面结构进行了表征,通过接触角、耐磨性和自洁净测试评价了涂层表面的超疏水性、牢固性和自清洁性。改性TiO₂的FTIR分析显示在1000～1500cm^-1之间出现多个C—F键的伸缩振动峰,表明POTS通过化学键与TiO₂表面发生了结合。涂布纸表面的SEM分析可以看出,纸基材料表面上均匀分布了微米和纳米尺寸的TiO₂颗粒,具备了类似荷叶表面微-纳结构的粗糙表面。涂层表面的水接触角为153°±1.5°,滚动角为3.5°±0.5°,水滴在涂层表面呈球形,极易滑落,涂层在水中浸泡7天后,接触角没有发生明显变化,表明纸张表面具备了优异的超疏水性能,且疏水稳定性较好。涂层表面经过10次循环磨损试验后,接触角仍能达到150°,滚动角为9°,表明机械摩擦没有对涂布纸表面的化学成分和粗糙结构造成明显的破坏,超疏水表面的牢固性较好。自洁净测试表明,涂布纸表面具有良好的自清洁和防污性能。该工艺过程操作简单,易于实现工业化生产,为在纸基表面构建综合性能优异的超疏水表面提供了一种新的便利途径。     

Simple method for preparing ZnO superhydrophobic surfaces with micro/nano roughness

In this paper, a facile, inexpensive, and environment-friendly method is developed to construct a superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro/nanostructures on the steel substrates. The superhydrophobic surface was fabricated by magnetic agitation of a mixture of micro and nanosized Zinc oxide (ZnO) suspensions on a substrate, after being modified with a low-surface energy monolayer of stearic acid, the as-prepared coating exhibits self-cleaning properties with a water contact angle of 162° and a sliding angle of 6°, and shows the good corrosion resistance. It is believed that the rapid and cheap technique have a promising future application for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces on steel materials.     

Preparation and characterization of superhydrophobic surface based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit excellent self-cleaning properties due to their special micro/nano-scale binary structures. In order to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a facile fabrication method for replicating micro/nano-scale binary aluminium structures into PDMS is presented. The microscopic morphology, composition, surface roughness (Ra) and wettability of the sample surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, roughness measurement equipment and contact angle meter respectively. Based on the measurements of the contact angles of deionized water (DI water) and ethanediol, surface free energies of the coatings were estimated according to the Owens two-liquid method. The superhydrophobic PDMS exhibited lower surface free energy than flat PDMS with a DI water contact angle (WCA) of 165°. The surface roughness (Ra) increased with the increasing of etching time in the range 0–80?min, and then decreased with the change of etching time, similar to the variation of contact angle with etching time. Moreover, the prepared surface had different micro-morphologies and its wettability was changed by regulating the chemical etching time. In addition, the superhydrophobic PDMS also showed good self-cleaning properties and the bouncing effect of the water droplets.     

Simultaneously spray-assisted assembling reversible superwetting coatings for oil–water separation

Here, superhydrophobic cuprous oxide(Cu_2O) with hierarchical micro/nanosized structures was synthesized via spray-assisted layer by layer assembling. The as-prepared superhydrophobic meshes with high contact angle(159.6°) and low sliding angle(1°) are covered with Cu_2O ‘‘coral reef"-like micro/nanosized structures. Interestingly, the superhydrophobic mesh surfaces became superhydrophilic again due to the oxidization of Cu_2O to CuO by annealing at a higher temperature(300 ℃). And the superhydrophobic properties would be recovered by heating at 120 ℃. Furthermore, the superwetting meshes were applied to design a miniature device to separate light or heavy oil from the water–oil mixtures with excellent separation efficiency. These superwetting surfaces by simultaneously spray-assisted layer by layer assembling technique show the potential application in universal oil–water separation.