A micro-method for the estimation of oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds with special reference to cyclopropenoic acids

A micro-method is described for the routine estimation of oil content and fatty acid composition in seeds containing cyclopropenoic fatty acids (CPEFA) by determination of the total and component long-chain fatty acids. The oil was transmethylated without prior extraction using 1.17% sodium methoxide in methanol at 80°C for 45 min. The resultant fatty acid methyl esters were separated and measured by gas-liquid chromatography using a glass capillary column coated with Carbowax 20 M at 170°C. The method was shown to be applicable to a wide range of seeds including cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum), kapok (Ceiba pentandra), paka (Urena lobata), baobab (Adansonia grandidieri and A. suarezensis). Individual seeds can be used with this method which needs only 50 to 150 mg for analysis. Results obtained with this micro-method were reproducible and good recoveries of oil and individual fatty acids were observed. The micro-method was compared for the determination of CPEFA (malvalic plus sterculic acids) to the nuclear magnetic resonance quantitation and gas-liquid chromography after derivatisation of CPEFA in more stable compounds.     

元宝枫种子含油率与脂肪酸组分多样性分析

为探索不同种源元宝枫种子含油率、脂肪酸变异程度与变异规律,并发掘元宝枫优良种质,提高元宝枫油用价值,采用脉冲核磁共振仪、气相色谱仪对元宝枫天然分布区内14个种源138个单株种子含油率与脂肪酸组分定量测定。结果表明:元宝枫种子含油率介于17.81%~36.56%,平均为28.57%,种源间差异极显著,以代钦塔拉种源(32.47%)、永寿种源(32.09%)较高,种子含油率存在随地理纬度、海拔升高而升高的趋势;元宝枫籽油中富含丰富不饱和脂肪酸(91.47%),依次为亚油酸(32.97%)、油酸(25.19%)、芥酸(16.49%)、花生一烯酸(7.90%)、神经酸(5.76%)、亚麻酸(2.76%),其中功能性脂肪酸-神经酸介于3.90%~7.85%,变异系数为12.62%,种源间差异极显著,以济源种源(6.54%)、平泉种源(6.29%)较高,具有筛选高神经酸特异种质资源的基础;各性状在种源地间表现出不同的变异性(5.18%~9.30%)和遗传多样性(1.22~1.60),以南京、临汾、永济种源较高;性状间相关性分析表明,种子含油率越高,种油不饱和脂肪酸含量越高,饱和脂肪酸含量越低;脂肪酸组分间不同相关性对优质籽油种质资源的筛选具有指导意义;测试指标与种源地理-生态因子间相关性分析表明,脂肪酸含量呈现出多样的地理变异趋势,海拔与温度影响最大。     

不同品种甜瓜种子表型性状、含油率及种子油脂肪酸组成分析北大核心CSCD

以50个品种甜瓜种子为试验材料,对其表型性状进行测定,然后用索氏抽提法测定含油率,气相色谱法测定种子油脂肪酸组成,并对种子表型性状、含油率与种子油脂肪酸组成相关性进行分析。结果表明:表型性状最大的甜瓜品种为MW,MW的籽粒表面积、宽、千粒质量均最大;林蜜25号甜瓜品种的种子含油率最高,为32.532%,WQ的种子含油率最低,仅为17.915%;甜瓜种子油中含量最高的脂肪酸为亚油酸,其次是油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸,亚麻酸含量最低,亚油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是常见小绿瓜,为75.011%,油酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是省工108,为31.289%,棕榈酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是WQ,为13.281%,硬脂酸含量最高的甜瓜品种是爽口1,为9.862%;相关性分析表明,含油率与红度呈极显著正相关。3个品种的马泡瓜含油率较高,且皮薄,种子非常多,因而马泡瓜最适宜选育榨油。     

Variation in oil content and fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Acacia species collected from the northwest zone of India

BACKGROUND: The oil content and fatty acid composition of the mature seeds of Acacia species collected from natural habitat of the northwest zone of the Indian subcontinent (Rajasthan) were analyzed in order to determine their potential for human or animal consumption. RESULTS: Oil content varied between 40 and 102 g kg^?1. The highest oil content was obtained in Acacia bivenosa DC. (102 g kg^?1) among the nine Acacia species. The fatty acid composition showed higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (～757.7 g kg^?1 in A. bivenosa), oleic acid (～525.0 g kg^?1 in A. nubica) and dominant saturated fatty acids were found to be 192.5 g kg^?1 palmitic acid and 275.6 g kg^?1 stearic acid in A. leucophloea and A. nubica respectively. Seed oils of Acacia species can thus be classified in the linoleic–oleic acid group. Significant variations were observed in oil content and fatty acid composition of Acacia species. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that the seed oil of Acacia species could be a new source of high linoleic–oleic acid‐rich edible oil and its full potential should be exploited. The use of oil from Acacia seed is of potential economic benefit to the poor native population of the areas where it is cultivated. The fatty acid composition of Acacia seed oils is very similar to that reported for commercially available edible vegetable oils like soybean, mustard, sunflower, groundnut and olive. Hence the seed oil of Acacia species could be a new source of edible vegetable oil after toxicological studies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Triglyceride composition of tea seed oil

Fatty acid and triglyceride compositions of the seed oil of Thea sinensis (tea seed oil) of Indian origin have been determined by combination of techniques of low temperature crystallisation, spectrophotometry, pancreatic lipase hydrolysis, thin-layer chromatography, gas–liquid chromatography and densitometry. Percentages of individual fatty acids were found to be: palmitic, 17.8; stearic, 3.0; oleic, 59.9; linoleic, 18.0. Triglyceride composition was calculated from the fatty acid compositions of the native oil and of the monoglycerides produced from it by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The oil is composed of 0.7, 11.1, 41.9 and 46.3% GS₃, GS₂U, GSU₂ and GU₃ respectively. Prominent features of the oil is its content of 11.6, 21.4 and 22.0% dioleolinolein, triolein and dioleopalmitin respectively.     

橡胶籽油中橡胶含量的测定

根据橡胶在碱性乙醇中不会发生皂化反应而析出,采用皂化法对不同方法提取的橡胶籽油中橡胶含量进行测定,并对分离出的橡胶做定性和定量分析。结果表明:橡胶籽油中橡胶含量与加工工艺有关,120℃炒料压榨的油中橡胶含量最低(0.20%),乙醚萃取的油中橡胶含量最高(0.83%)。该方法简便快速,结果能反映橡胶籽油中橡胶含量,可用于日常橡胶籽油中橡胶含量的测定。     

黄瓜籽油的精炼与分析

通过索氏法提取黄瓜籽油,经过脱胶、脱酸、脱色和脱臭后,得到精炼油.考察精炼对油中各组分的影响,结果表明:实验室精炼后,黄瓜籽油的酸值、过氧化值、色泽和磷脂含量基本达到国家二级浸出大豆油的标准;精炼后,饱和脂肪酸含量升高,不饱和脂肪酸含量略有降低;而常量金属元素在精炼过程损耗较大,其中K含量减小幅度显著,达到1 505.0μg/g.     

桃金娘籽油理化指标及成分分析

采用ASE萃取法从桃金娘籽中提油,并对油脂理化指标、脂肪酸组成及营养成分进行分析。结果表明:桃金娘籽含油率为7. 5%;桃金娘籽油的相对密度为0. 915 6,折光指数为1. 474 7,酸值(KOH)为4. 426 mg/g,过氧化值为1. 573 mmol/kg,皂化值(KOH)为180. 5 mg/g,碘值(I)为135. 0g/100 g,不皂化物含量为4. 5%;桃金娘籽油中含有16种脂肪酸,以亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸和棕榈酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸占85. 837%,饱和脂肪酸占14. 175%;桃金娘籽油中还含有丰富的菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇、α-生育酚、玉米黄质等营养物质。     

甜瓜种子性状及甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量研究

采用气相色谱法等对黄色马泡瓜、包瓜等30个甜瓜品种角鲨烯含量进行测定。种子形态特征及相关性分析得知百粒重与面积比和角鲨烯含量均成极显著相关水平,但百粒重与面积比的极显著关系为负相关,即面积比越大,百粒重越小,而角鲨烯含量却随着百粒重的增加有所增加。这30个品种甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯的含量较高(641.7~2 858.3 mg/kg),经主成分分析表明,共有4个主成分对其贡献率较大。在此基础上进行聚类分析可以将其分为4类,其中第一、二类群,面积比和单个重量较小,但角鲨烯含量较高,第三、四类群则长/宽均值较大,角鲨烯含量较高。     

沙生植物长柄扁桃种子油营养成分分析

探讨以长柄扁桃为原料开发新型食用植物油的可能性。采用国家标准对内蒙古产长柄扁桃仁压榨油进行了常见理化指标、营养成分、卫生指标分析及急性毒性试验研究。长柄扁桃种子油理化性能良好,是一种营养丰富的植物油源;总砷、铅、及黄曲霉毒素B_1含量符合食用植物油卫生标准;急性毒性实验结果初步判定其安全性。长柄扁桃油可开发为新型高品质食用油。     

Triglyceride composition of Entada phaseolides seed oil

Fatty acid and triglyceride compositions of Entada phaseolides seed oil have been determined by combination of the techniques of systematic crystallisation at low temperatures, pancreatic lipase hydrolysis and gas-liquid chromatography of methyl esters. The percentages of individual fatty acids were found to be myristic 0.3, palmitic 9.1, stearic 4.4, arachidic 1.7, behenic 1.6, oleic 35.8, linoleic 46.7 and linolenic 0.4. The special characteristic of this oil is its content of 6.9, 9.6, 17.0, 19.2, 5.0, 24.1 and 10.4% of monosaturated diolein, monosaturated dilinolein, saturated oleo linolein, dioleo-linolein, triolein, oleo dilinolein and trilinolein, respectively. This investigation has indicated that the 2-position of the triglyceride is preferentially esterified with C₁₈ unsaturated acids and linoleic acid shows preference over oleic acid.     

Triglyceride composition of Buchanania lanzan seed oil

The fatty acid composition of Buchanania lanzan seed oil, determined by urea complex formation and gas liquid chromatography (g.l.c), was found to be: myristic, 0.6; palmitic, 33.4; stearic, 6.3; oleic, 53.7; and linoleic, 6.0%. Triglyceride compositions of the native seed oil and its randomised product were calculated from the fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides and of the corresponding 2-monoglycerides produced by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis. The oil is composed of 3.2, 35.8, 45.5 and 15.5% trisaturated, monounsaturated disaturated, diunsaturated monosaturated and triunsaturated glycerides respectively. The special characteristic of the B. lanzan seed oil is its content of 22.7, 31.0 and 11.3% dipalmitoolein, dioleopalmitin and triolein respectively. The percent GS₃ content in the oil increased from 3.2 to 7.5 by the process of randomisation. On directed interesterification the oil yielded a product with a slip point of 41.5°C which may be suitable as a coating material for delayed action tablets. The oil also appears to be a promising one as a commercial source of palmitic and oleic acids.     

牡丹籽油甘油三酯结构及理化特性分析

利用压榨法提取牡丹籽毛油,采用国标方法分析其基本理化指标,采用柱层析提纯牡丹籽油的甘三酯,利用气相色谱、牛胰脂酶水解法分析牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成及甘油三酯结构,并利用拉曼光谱分析其官能团结构。结果表明,牡丹籽毛油的基本理化指标符合国标对原油的要求。牡丹籽毛油的脂肪酸共12种,主要包括亚麻酸(40. 33±1. 01 g/100 g)、亚油酸(21. 08±0. 61 g/100 g)、油酸(15. 67±0. 59 g/100 g)、棕榈酸(7. 59±0. 46g/100 g)、硬脂酸(4. 11±0. 41 g/100 g);总不饱和脂肪酸含量达(77. 51±0. 68) g/100 g。牡丹籽毛油甘三酯中三不饱和脂肪酸甘油三酯的相对含量最高,为79. 68%,其中以Sn-LOLn相对含量最高,为15. 64%,其次是SnLn OLn,相对含量为14. 77%。此外,拉曼光谱分析显示牡丹籽油是一种不饱和程度极高的食用植物油且几乎不含反式脂肪酸。     

石榴籽油的提取及成分分析

探讨了石榴籽油提取过程中受溶剂、温度、回流时间的影响因素,确定了石榴籽经石油醚,在85℃下回流2h提取、皂化和甲基化得到的总脂肪酸甲酯经GC 分析,共检出12种成分.确定脂肪酸成分为棕榈酸(2.5%)、硬脂酸(1.6%)、亚油酸(4.8%)、油酸(4.7%)、花生酸(0.4%)、花生一烯酸(0.8%)、花生二烯酸 (0.3%)、山嵛酸 (0.2%)、石榴酸(62.9%)、α-桐酸(15.6%)、β-桐酸(6.0%)、未知酸(0.2%).     

茶叶籽油与油茶籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成比较

在对茶叶籽及油茶籽的外观、含仁率、含油率等进行测定的基础上,对茶叶籽油及油茶籽油的理化性质及脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明,茶叶籽及油茶籽外观相差较大,茶叶籽油与油茶籽油在折光指数、酸值、碘值和皂化值等理化性质上较接近。脂肪酸组成上,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸为茶叶籽油及油茶籽油中含量最多的三种脂肪酸,油酸含量分别为52.13%和73.67%,亚油酸24.32%和11.09%,棕榈酸17.36%和10.63%。茶叶籽油和油茶籽油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为54.12%和75.78%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为24.55%和11.39%。茶叶籽含油率为19.88%,茶叶籽油潜在年产量可达15余万t。其必需脂肪酸含量是油茶籽油的2.15倍;不皂化物含量为0.77%,比油茶籽油高出22%;茶叶籽油脂肪酸比例均衡,适于人体的吸收,具有开发应用的潜力。     

大麻种子含油量及油脂脂肪酸组成分析

为探明大麻种子油开发利用价值,采取索氏抽提法和气相色谱法对大麻种子含油量、脂肪酸组成及其相关性进行了研究与分析。结果表明:大麻种子含油量较高,最高达36.10%,其中超过34.20%的品种达5个;大麻种子油主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸和α-亚麻酸等组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为86.89%~98.79%,均值达89.50%;大麻种子油多不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,均值达77.05%,其中亚油酸含量超过59%的有4个品种;亚麻酸含量均值达19.90%,其中α-亚麻酸大于20%的品种达5个。相关分析表明,大麻种子含油量与油中亚油酸、α-亚麻酸存在负相关,与油酸和γ-亚麻酸呈正相关,其中与α-亚麻酸达显著水平。综合分析可见,大麻种子油具有较高含油量和丰富不饱和脂肪酸,其亚麻酸含量明显优于大多食用植物油的,具有较好开发利用前景。云麻6号的亚油酸和α-亚麻酸及云麻4号的γ-亚麻酸含量均极为丰富,显著高于其他品种,表明这两个品种在开发相应高脂肪酸保健食品、特种植物油和品质育种研究等方面具有重要应用价值。     

不同种源地香叶树籽的油脂含量及脂肪酸组成分析

为探明不同种源地香叶树作为油料树种的开发价值,采集了全国6省20县市的香叶树果实,对香叶树全果、果肉及籽的油脂含量及脂肪酸组成进行了分析,并采用ward法对不同种源地香叶树籽油脂肪酸进行了聚类分析。结果表明：香叶树全果、果肉以及籽的平均油脂含量分别为43.31%、42.38%及46.12%;全果油脂肪酸组成以月桂酸、油酸和癸酸为主;果肉油以油酸和棕榈酸为主;而籽油则以月桂酸和癸酸为主,月桂酸含量为53.20%~70.30%,月桂酸和癸酸总含量达76.40%~90.10%;聚类分析将不同种源地香叶树分为3大类,云南省、贵州省及广西省的香叶树属低月桂酸类型,福建省、江西省及湖南省的香叶树属中高月桂酸型。香叶树可作为生产中碳链脂肪酸的新晋树种,福建省的香叶树籽油脂含量高,且籽油中月桂酸含量高,作为中碳链脂肪酸的原料地具有明显的开发优势。     

葡萄籽油甘油三酯组成及结构分析研究

本研究采用气相色谱、胰脂酶水解法分析葡萄籽油脂肪酸组成和甘油三酯结构。结果为:其不饱和脂肪酸含量达89.34%,人体必需脂肪酸亚油酸含量为75.25%;并根据1,3–随机–2–随机分布学说计算出葡萄籽油甘油三酯组成,主要甘油三酯为LLL,含量达42.35%、Sn–LOL16.69%、Sn–POL2.18%、Sn–LLP5.52%;还采用红外光谱测定葡萄籽油官能团结构等;表明葡萄籽油是一种极具开发价值食用植物油。     

高含油量油菜种子和果皮油份积累及主要脂肪酸的动态变化

以高含油量油菜品系为材料,研究角果发育过程中种子和果皮油份积累与主要脂肪酸的动态变化。结果表明：高含油量品种在角果发育早期油份的合成与积累较为缓慢,开花后20d种子含油率仅占成熟种子油份含量的8．35％～12．32％,角果发育中期是油份含量增加最快的时期,开花后40d种子含油率占成熟种子油份含量的72．89％。94．73％,籽粒成熟时油份含量达到最大值。果皮的油份积累与种子相反,随角果发育油份含量依次下降,两者呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0．95。种子和果皮的二十碳烯酸、芥酸合成规律明显不同。种子的7种主要脂肪酸组成中芥酸和二十碳烯酸与16碳、18碳脂肪酸含量均呈负相关,亚麻酸和亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量均呈正相关,与油酸含量H2和H27为正相关,H1和H28为负相关。而油酸与其它脂肪酸的相关关系较为复杂,与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸、亚麻酸的相关关系有正相关,也有负相关,可见油酸的合成与积累不仅与棕榈酸、硬脂酸有关,还会影响亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量,这是创新油菜高油酸材料的基础。     

The triglyceride composition of Corchorus olitorius seed oil

Corchorus olitorius seed oil and its randomised product have been subjected to pancreatic hydrolysis. Glyceride compositions have been calculated from the original fatty acid composition and those of the monoglycerides produced by hydrolysis. The percent GS₃ content of the seed oil and of its interesterified product have also been determined by the combined techniques of thin layer chromatography on silver nitrate impregnated silica gel and colorimetry.