SrFe_(0.6)Cu_(0.3)Ti_(0.1)O_(3-δ)透氧膜反应器中甲烷部分氧化反应工艺及膜稳定性考察

采用SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3?δ混合导体透氧膜组装成膜催化反应器,进行甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应,考察了反应温度、空速、催化剂粒径等条件的影响,并分析了反应气氛引起的透氧膜结构变化情况。结果表明,在膜反应器内,催化反应与透氧过程存在相互制约和相互促进的关系。在膜反应器内进行甲烷部分氧化反应后,透氧膜的两侧表面均发生蚀刻现象,结晶度显著降低,反应侧蚀刻现象较为严重,膜表面形成了疏松的多孔层,反应气氛使膜表面晶体结构发生了较大改变,Sr容易从钙钛矿结构中析出并与CO2结合形成SrCO3,Sr的析出导致组成不平衡,促进了钙钛矿结构分解及其他物相的产生。     

基于Ba-Ce-Co-Fe-O膜反应器的甲烷部分氧化反应研究

为开发稳定性和透氧量俱佳并适用于甲烷部分氧化反应(POM)的透氧膜材料,采用溶胶凝胶工艺合成了具有纯相钙钛矿结构的BaCe0.1Co0.4Fe0.5O3-δ混合导体陶瓷材料。POM操作结果表明:BaCe0.1Co0.4Fe0.5O3-δ膜反应器透氧量高于同类材料,875℃时透氧量达到了8.9 mL/(cm2.m in)。在1 000 h寿命实验中,膜反应器各项反应指标没有出现任何衰减,反应性能稳定,甲烷转化率和CO的选择性都在97%以上。SEM表征表明,反应后膜片表面微观结构的变化虽然不可避免,但是其仍然保持比较完整的结构。因此,该材料良好的透氧量和稳定性说明其具有较好的应用前景。     

致密透氧膜用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的实验研究

引　言钙钛矿型致密透氧膜在高温下具有氧离子、电子混合导电性 .当膜两侧存在氧分压梯度时 ,高压侧的氧在膜表面经化学吸附解离成氧离子、电子 ,于膜主体内扩散至另一侧 ,并重新结合、脱附至低氧压体系 .将致密透氧膜反应器用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应为天然气利用开辟了一条崭新的路径 ,近年来受到普遍关注 .该过程集空分与反应于一体 ,降低了大量的操作成本 ,通过膜壁控制氧气的进料有效控制了反应进程 .提高膜的透氧量 ,解决还原性气氛下膜的稳定性等问题 ,是该过程实现工业化的关键 .Ｂａｌａｃｈａｎｄｒａｎｄ[1] 、Ｔｓａｉ[2 ] …     

溶胶-凝胶法合成SrFe0.7Cu0.3O3-δ混合导体透氧膜材料的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SrFe0.7 Cu0.3O3-δ混合导体透氧膜材料粉体,采用TG-DSC、XRD进行分析表征,考察了不同制备条件下溶胶.凝胶的性质、所制备的粉体的物相组成.结果表明:溶胶在pH=4左右、脱水温度80℃、柠檬酸与总金属离子物质的量配比C/Mn+=2、干凝胶在900℃下焙烧保温5 h,可制得结晶度高、具有单一稳定钙钛矿结构的粉体.     

钙钛矿型透氧膜及其在甲烷部分氧化中的应用

钙钛矿型透氧陶瓷膜是同时具有氧离子和电子导电性的功能无机膜,在纯氧分离和甲烷部分氧化膜反应器中具有重要的潜在应用.介绍了钙钛矿型透氧陶瓷膜的氧渗透原理、膜材料的结构性能及其在甲烷部分氧化制合成气中的应用研究进展,并对透氧膜所面临的挑战进行了论述.     

钙钛矿型混合导体透氧膜SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ的制备与表征

Dense membrane with the composition of SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ (SFCTO) was prepared by solid state reaction method. Oxygen permeation flux through this membrane was investigated at operating temperature ranging from 750℃ to 950℃ and different oxygen partial pressure. XRD measurements indicated that the compound was able to form single-phased perovskite structure in which part of Fe was replaced by Cu and Ti. The oxygen desorption and the reducibility of SFCTO powder were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and temperature programmed reduction analysis, respectively. It was found that SFCTO had good structure stability under low oxygen pressure at high temperature. The addition of Ti increased the reduction temperature of Cu and Fe. Performance tests showed that the oxygen permeation flux through a 1.5mm thick SFCTO membrane was 0.35-0.96ml·min1·cm-2 under air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient with activation energy of 53.2kJ·mol-1. The methane conversion of 85%, CO selectivity of 90% and comparatively higher oxygen permeation flux of 5ml·min-1·cm2 were achieved at 850℃, when a SFCTO membrane reactor loaded with Ni-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst was applied for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas.     

管式致密透氧膜用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

采用钙钛矿型管式致密透氧膜反应器,在Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上进行了甲烷部分氧化制合成气的实验研究,考察了进料气中甲烷的摩尔分数和反应温度对反应结果的影响,并对膜在反应条件下的稳定性作了分析     

Ti掺杂对Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ陶瓷透氧膜性能的影响

采用EDTA—柠檬酸双络合法合成了Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co0.8Fe0.2)1-xTixO3-δ(x=0～0.2)粉体,并通过干压成型和高温烧成制备了片状致密陶瓷膜.研究了钙钛矿结构中B位Ti掺杂量对合成粉体物相结构和相应的膜的微观结构、电导特性、氧渗透性能和热膨胀性能等的影响.结果表明,5～20 mol/％Ti掺杂...     

透氧膜反应器提效甲烷芳构化

近日,中科院青岛生物能源与过程研究所膜分离与催化团队负责人江河清研究员与德国汉诺威大学、尤利西研究中心、拜耳公司等机构研究人员合作,在透氧膜反应器中尝试进行了甲烷芳构化反应,生成了苯及其衍生物。据介绍,甲烷芳构化是将甲烷直接转化为液体产品的有效途径之一,在催化科学、工业应用等方面具有重要意义。其早期研究主要集中在开发高活性、高稳定性的催化剂。Mo/ZSM-5催化剂是目前被广泛研究和使用的催化剂。但该类催化剂存在易积炭失活、甲烷转化率低等问题。研究人员尝试在该体系中引入一定量氧气     

Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ中空纤维陶瓷膜的制备及其透氧性能

采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列陶瓷粉体Pr1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ(x=0.2、0.4、0.6;y=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8).运用相转化/烧结技术制造出了Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(PSCF6428)中空陶瓷纤维膜.用热分析、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线能谱等技术对制备的...     

Partial oxidation of methane to syngas in BaCe0.15Fe0.85O3−δ membrane reactors

Dense planar Ba_0.15Ce_0.85FeO_3−δ (BCF1585) membrane reactors were investigated to produce syngas from methane. Firstly, the membrane itself catalytic activity to methane was investigated using a blank BCF1585 without any catalysts. Then a LiLaNi/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was packed on the BCF1585 membrane surface to test the synergetic effects of the membrane and catalyst. It was found that the membrane itself has a poor catalytic activity to methane. The main products are CO₂ and C₂, and methane conversion is low due to the low oxygen permeation flux. However, after the catalyst was packed on the membrane surface, both methane conversion and oxygen permeation flux were greatly improved by the synergetic effect between the membrane and catalyst. Carbon monoxide selectivity reached at 96% with methane conversion of up to 96%. The oxygen permeation flux reached at 3.0 mL/cm² min at 850 °C for a 1.5 mm disk membrane and can effectively be increased by reducing the thickness of the membranes. After operation for 140 h at 850 °C, the used membrane was examined with SEM and EDXS. The results revealed that the decomposition of the membrane materials could not be avoided under such conditions. Oxygen partial pressure gradient across the membranes is suggested as a critical factor to accelerate the kinetic decomposition of the materials.     

Design of mixed conducting ceramic membranes/reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas

The performance of mixed conducting ceramic membrane reactors for the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas has been analyzed through a two‐dimensional mathematical model, in which the material balance, the heat balance and the momentum balance for both the shell and the tube phase are taken into account. The modeling results indicate that the membrane reactors have many advantages over the conventional fixed bed reactors such as the higher CO selectivity and yield, the lower heating point and the lower pressure drop as well. When the methane feed is converted completely into product in the membrane reactors, temperature flying can take place, which may be restrained by increasing the feed flow rate or by lowering the operation temperature. The reaction capacity of the membrane reactor is mainly determined by the oxygen permeation rate rather than by the POM reaction rate on the catalyst. In order to improve the membrane reactor performance, reduction of mass transfer resistance in the catalyst bed is necessary. Using the smaller membrane tubes is an effective way to achieve a higher reaction capacity, but the pressure drop is a severe problem to be faced. The methane feed velocity for the operation of mixed conducting membrane reactors should be carefully regulated so as to obtain the maximum syngas yield, which can be estimated from their oxygen permeability. The mathematical model and the kinetic parameters have been validated by comparing modeling results with the experimental data for the La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O_3‐α (LSCF) membrane reactor. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

钙钛矿型混合导体透氧膜SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3－δ的制备与表征

Dense membrane with the composition of SrFe0.6Cu0.3Ti0.1O3-δ （SFCTO） was prepared by solid state reaction method. Oxygen permeation flux through this membrane was investigated at operating temperature ranging from 750℃ to 950℃ and different oxygen partial pressure. XRD measurements indicated that the compound was able to form single-phased perovskite structure in which part of Fe was replaced by Cu and Ti. The oxygen desorption and the reducibility of SFCTO powder were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and temperature programmed reduction analysis, respectively. It was found that SFCTO had good structure stability under low oxygen pressure at high temperature. The addition of Ti increased the reduction temperature of Cu and Fe. Performance tests showed that the oxygen permeation flux through a 1.5 mm thick SFCTO membrane was 0.35-0.96 ml·min ^-1·cm^-2 under air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient with activation energy of 53.2 kJ·mol^-1. The methane conversion of 85%, CO selectivity of 90% and comparatively higher oxygen permeation flux of 5 ml·min^-1·cm^- 2 were achieved at 850℃, when a SFCTO membrane reactor loaded with Ni-Ce/Al2O3 catalyst was applied for the partial oxidation of methane to syngas.     

LiLaNiO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上甲烷加压部分氧化制合成气

考察LiLaNiO_x/γ—Al_2O_3催化剂对甲烷加压[(0.2～1.0)MPa]部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能。结果表明,LiLaNiO_x/γ—Al_2O_3催化剂具有优良的甲烷部分氧化催化性能,在850℃和1.0 MPa条件下,甲烷转化率和CO选择性分别达76.2%和82.5%。在100 h连续实验中,反应活性及选择性保持不变,显示出较高的催化稳定性。采用XRD、XPS和TG—DTA方法对反应前后催化剂的晶体结构、表面性能以及抗积炭性能进行表征,结果表明,LiLaNiO_x/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂具有较高的结构稳定性和抗积炭性能。     

Oxygen permeation through a CO2‐tolerant mixed conducting oxide (Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ

A novel K₂NiF₄‐type oxide based on (Pr_0.9La_0.1)₂(Ni_0.74Cu_0.21Ga_0.05)O_4+δ (PLNCG) dense mixed conducting ceramic membrane was successfully prepared through a sol–gel route. The oxygen permeation flux through the membrane swept by pure CO₂ was comparative to that swept by He. The oxygen permeation and the stability of PLNCG under pure CO₂ were investigated in detail. A membrane with a thickness of 0.8 mm was steadily operated for 230 h with a constant oxygen permeation flux of 0.32 mL/(min cm²) at 975^°C using pure CO₂ as sweep gas. X‐ray diffraction shows that PLNCG can maintain its fluorite phase, and no carbonates were observed, even when it was exposed to pure CO₂ for a long time. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2473–2478, 2012     

Failure mechanisms of ceramic membrane reactors in partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas

In the course of generating synthesis gas (H₂, CO) from methane, we have observed two types of fractures occurring on the Sr(Co, Fe)O_x-type oxygen membrane reactors. The first type occurred shortly after the reaction started and the second type often occurred days after the reaction. To determine the causes of these fractures, we have examined the starting material and fractured membranes using a combination of X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. We found that the first type of fracture was the consequence of an oxygen gradient in the membrane, pointing from the reaction side to the air side. This causes a lattice mismatch inside the membrane, leading to fracture. The second type of fracture, however, was the result of a chemical decomposition. We found that the Sr(Co, Fe)O_x-type membrane had been reduced to SrCO₃, and elemental Co and Fe by the synthesis gas generated in the reaction. The decomposition causes enormous expansion leading to a large crack along the axis of tube.     

甲烷常压非催化部分氧化制合成气研究

考察了常压下甲烷非催化部分氧化制合成气过程中,甲烷转化率、气体产物产率以及积炭率随反应器温度、进气配比、原料气流量变化的影响。通过考察反应器温度对制备合成气过程的影响结果,分析了甲烷非催化部分氧化制合成气过程的反应机理。     

甲烷氧化制合成气LaFeO3催化剂的制备条件考察

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaFeO3,考察了合成过程中LaFeO3凝胶形成温度、催化材料焙烧温度、焙烧时间、络合剂种类、镧源种类以及氨基乙酸与硝酸根离子比对催化剂结构及性能的影响.结果发现催化剂最佳制备条件为:凝胶形成温度75 ～85℃;焙烧温度在900℃;焙烧时间10 h;氨基乙酸作络合剂;La2O3作为镧源;氨基乙酸与硝酸根离子比4∶3.     

Oxygen selective ceramic hollow fiber membranes for partial oxidation of methane

A BaCo_xFe_yZr_zO_3?δ (BCFZ) perovskite hollow fiber membrane was used to construct reactors for the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. The performance of the BCFZ fibers in the POM was studied (i) without any catalyst, (ii) with catalyst‐coated fibers, and (iii) with catalyst packed around the fibers. In addition to the performance in the POM, the stability of the BCFZ hollow fiber membranes was investigated for the different catalyst arrangements. Best stability of the BCFZ hollow fiber membrane reactor in the POM could be obtained if the reforming catalyst is placed behind the oxygen permeation zone. It was found that a direct contact of the catalyst and the fiber must be avoided which could be achieved by coating the fiber with a gold film. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009