EMMS曳力模型及其颗粒团模型的构建和检验

准确描述颗粒团聚特性是发展完善基于多尺度最小能量原理(EMMS)的曳力模型的重要方向之一。提出描述颗粒团聚特性的数学模型,不仅符合物理判断,而且与实验结果吻合。采用颗粒团模型,改进EMMS曳力模型,与实验及直接数值模拟结果吻合较好。改进的曳力模型与欧拉-欧拉双流体方法耦合,实现了不同工况下A、B类颗粒流化床流动特性的数值模拟。成功预测了颗粒非均匀分布特性、局部滑移速度、局部非均匀度以及噎塞状态。     

基于MP-PIC方法改进EMMS/DP曳力模型

改进了面向离散粒子法的能量最小多尺度曳力模型(EMMS/DP)的颗粒参数生成方式,并将非均匀因子(HD)与固相浓度和滑移速度关联以考虑介尺度结构动态效应的影响,用改进的EMMS/DP模型与多相流质点网格模型(MP-PIC)耦合模拟气固两相流提升管系统,模拟结果与实验值吻合很好,考察了MP-PIC方法的网格无关性和粗粒化模型参数.     

不同曳力模型及颗粒碰撞恢复系数对短接触旋流反应器内气固流场的影响

为考察曳力模型和颗粒碰撞恢复系数对短接触旋流反应器内流动特性的影响,基于双流体模型,结合颗粒动力学理论,对反应器内气固两相流场进行模拟研究。分别采用Gidaspow、WenYu和Syamlal-O’Brien 3种曳力模型,考察颗粒速度特性以及固含率径向分布。对比分析不同曳力模型的计算结果表明,Syamlal-O’Brien模型计算结果与实验结果误差较大,WenYu模型在反应器边壁附近区域的计算结果误差较大,Gidaspow模型计算结果与实验结果最为吻合。此外,颗粒碰撞恢复系数较小时,所得计算值小于实验测量值,当恢复系数为0.95时颗粒扩散效果最好,计算结果与实验数据吻合度最高。     

颗粒团绕流曳力系数的LBM计算

采用格子Boltzmann方法(Lattice Boltzmann method, LBM) 中的LBGK(Lattice Bhatnagar- Gross-Krook)模型和二阶精度的曲线边界条件处理方法对二维颗粒团绕流现象进行了数值模拟,并同时使用动量交换法计算了两种颗粒团构型中不同颗粒的曳力系数。结果表明：颗粒团曳力系数与颗粒聚团的构型有着密切联系,颗粒聚团的形成将导致颗粒团曳力系数大幅度减小。除颗粒团构型因素外,颗粒间距和流动Reynolds数也是导致颗粒团曳力系数发生改变的主要因素。当颗粒聚团存在时,颗粒团中不同颗粒的受力有较大差异,若忽略颗粒聚团效应,则颗粒团曳力系数的计算必然将产生偏差。     

不同曳力模型及颗粒碰撞恢复系数对短接触旋流反应器内气固流场的影响

为考察曳力模型和颗粒碰撞恢复系数对短接触旋流反应器内流动特性的影响,基于双流体模型, 结合颗粒动力学理论,对反应器内气固两相流场进行模拟研究。分别采用Gidaspow、Wen & Yu和Syamlal-O’Brien 3种曳力模型, 考察颗粒速度特性以及固含率径向分布。对比分析不同曳力模型的计算结果表明,Syamlal-O’Brien模型计算结果与实验结果误差较大,Wen & Yu模型在反应器边壁附近区域的计算结果误差较大,Gidaspow模型计算结果与实验结果最为吻合。此外,颗粒碰撞恢复系数较小时,所得计算值小于实验测量值,当恢复系数为0.95时颗粒扩散效果最好,计算结果与实验数据吻合度最高。     

液滴降落过程表面曳力及其形状改变规律

在单颗粒液滴-气流体系中,采用计算流体力学方法对速度发展段的输运现象进行数值模拟。研究液滴在气流中逆流运动的形态变化规律与局部传递特征。获得在30相似文献   

耦合EMMS曳力与简化双流体模型的气固流动模拟

提出了一种耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型,该模型忽略固相黏度,用简单的经验关联式来计算固相压力,并且耦合考虑了介尺度结构的EMMS曳力模型来计算气固相间作用力。采用简化双流体模型成功模拟一个三维实验室尺度鼓泡流化床,数值模拟结果与完整双流体模型以及实验测量结果进行了比较,结果表明耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型模拟结果与完整双流体模型耦合EMMS曳力的模拟结果基本相当,并且都与实验结果吻合良好,然而简化双流体模型的计算速度是完整双流体模型的两倍以上。这表明曳力模型在气固模拟中起着主导作用,而固相应力的作用是其次的,耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型在实现工业规模气固反应器快速模拟中具有巨大潜力。     

气固流化床介尺度结构形成机制及过滤曳力模型研究进展

气固流化床中,介于颗粒与宏观尺度间的复杂的时空多尺度结构（介尺度结构）将完全改变气固相间作用规律,加大了流态化系统调控及预测的难度。为此,需要构建考虑结构影响的相间本构关系。其中,曳力作为影响流态化动力学特征的主导因素,对其研究尤为重要。从结构产生演化的机制出发,概述结构影响曳力的机理,以模型构建流程的角度对结构和过滤两类模型进行总结,并重点综述过滤模型构建在提升准确性、有效性、通用性和考虑更多物理机制方面的最新进展。研究表明：提升模型通用性和考虑真实系统中更丰富的物理机制仍是建模中亟待解决的问题,结合结构演化机制理性建模和充分发挥机器学习数据分析处理优势或是曳力建模进一步发展的关键。     

曳力模型和湍流模型对内环流反应器数值模拟的影响

研究了曳力模型和湍流模型对气升式内环流反应器流体力学参数的影响,进一步证实了DBS-Local曳力模型在气升式内环流反应器中的适用性。结果表明：曳力模型决定了是否可以模拟出下降管中的气体;而曳力模型和湍流模型共同作用,决定了气含率模拟结果的准确性。Schiller-Naumann、Tomiyama、Grace、Ishii-Zuber这4种曳力模型均无法预测出下降管含气这一现象,而DBS-Local曳力模型能够模拟出下降管中的气体。DBS-Local曳力模型与standard k-ε mixture湍流模型组合,对气含率的预测值与实验值较为接近,而与RNG k-ε dispersed湍流模型组合,对轴向液速的预测值与实验值更为接近。     

磷石膏颗粒湍动流化特性实验及模拟

针对磷石膏颗粒湍动流化体系曳力变化的问题,在实验的基础上,考虑非均匀结构对曳力的影响,引入修正因子φ修正Gidaspow曳力模型,对2D流化床进行了数值模拟研究。通过将Gidaspow模型在不同φ值下的模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,研究φ值的改变对模拟结果的影响规律及一定气速范围内磷石膏颗粒湍动流化体系曳力变化特性。结果表明,Gidaspow模型高估了实验体系曳力,对体系流化特性的预测效果较差;适当φ值的引入能明显提高Gidaspow模型对床层膨胀、压降及体系非均匀度的模拟精度。模拟结果反映出φ值越小,床层膨胀高度越低,床内颗粒浓度分布越不均匀,床层压降波动性越大。随着气速的升高(0.144~0.240 m/s),颗粒沿水平方向上的聚集程度加剧,φ值呈非线性减小(0.31~0.24)。流化体系的非均匀度随着气速增加而增大,颗粒浓度沿径向存在较大梯度,两侧边壁处附近出现环-核结构且流场分布对称性较差。     

基于EMMS模型的搅拌釜内气液两相流数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉模型对搅拌釜内气液两相流进行了三维CFD模拟,重点研究了采用不同曳力模型时CFD模拟对搅拌桨附近排出流区两相流动的预测能力。模拟结果表明CFD能准确地预测排出流区的液相速度分布,但采用传统的Schiller-Naumann曳力一定程度上低估了排出流区的气液相间曳力,导致在完全扩散区CFD预测的分布器和桨叶下方区域气含率偏小,而基于气液非均匀结构和能量最小多尺度（EMMS）方法得到的DBS-Global曳力模型能更准确地描述完全扩散区气液搅拌釜内流动情况。与传统曳力模型相比,采用DBS-Global曳力模型能显著提高对气含率的预测。     

褐煤低温改质过程中的阻力特性研究

以锡林浩特褐煤为研究对象,采用SIMPLE算法和Eulerian模型,以10mm小颗粒褐煤为例,对气固两相流动的阻力特性进行了数值模拟。分析了阻力变化对流量的影响,搭建了两相流动实验平台,并对实验和数值模拟结果进行了对比分析,对研究发生炉内的流动特性具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Modeling of cluster structure-dependent drag with Eulerian approach for circulating fluidized beds

Flow behavior of gas and solids is simulated in combination the gas-solid two-fluid model with a cluster structure-dependent (CSD) drag coefficient model. The dispersed phase is modeled by a Eulerian approach based upon the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) including models for describing the dispersed phase interactions with the continuous phase. The drag forces of gas-solid phases are predicted from the local structure parameters of the dense and dilute phases based on the minimization of the energy consumed by heterogeneous drag. The cluster structure-dependent (CSD) drag coefficients are incorporated into the two-fluid model to simulate flow behavior of gas and particles in a riser. Simulation results indicate that the dynamic formation and dissolution of clusters can be captured with the cluster structure-dependent drag coefficient model. Simulated solid velocity and concentration of particles profiles are in reasonable agreement with experimental results.     

快速流化床中颗粒团聚现象的数值模拟--曳力关联式的选择

Drag force is a key parameter in the numerical modeling of gas-particle flow in circulating fluidized beds.The reliability of current drag force correlations over the regime of fast fluidization has,however,not been thoroughly investigated.In this article,a drag force correlation accounting for the clustering effects for Geldart A particles is used to simulate the behaviors typical of fast fluidization,including dynamic evolution of clusters as well as time- averaged axial and lateral voidage profiles.Diverse images of clusters are captured and the time-averaged profiles of voidage are shown to be in quantitative agreement with the present empirical correlation.The results based on different constitutive correlations of drag force show the importance of the choice of drag force in modeling fast-fluidized beds.This drag force correlation,based on a simple averaging assumption,could give some basic insights about the magnitude of the drag reduction.     

Scale and structure dependent drag in gas–solid flows

Drag plays a crucial role in hydrodynamic modeling and simulations of gas–solid flows, which is significantly affected by particle Reynolds number, solid volume fraction, heterogeneity, granular temperature, particle-fluid density ratio, and so on. To clarify and quantify the multiscale effects of these factors, large-scale particle-resolved direct numerical simulations of gas–solid flows with up to 115,200 freely moving particles are conducted. Both domain-averaged kinetic properties and local averaged dimensionless drag are sampled and analyzed. It is revealed that the complex scale-dependence of drag is attributed to the multiscale effects of heterogeneous structures and particle fluctuating velocity. The granular temperature and the scalar variance of solid volume fraction are also found to be scale-dependent. On account of these, a new drag correlation as the function of Froude number is proposed with consideration of scale-dependence.     

Modifying the inter‐phase drag via solid volume fraction gradient for CFD simulation of fast fluidized beds

The conventional drag model in two‐fluid simulation, which assumes uniform particle distribution in a computational grid, overestimates the drag force, thus failed in capturing the subgrid‐scale strands and resolvable‐scale clusters. This work proposed a new modification to the conventional drag model through considering the heterogeneous distribution of solid volume fraction (SVF), especially, in the inter‐phase boundary (i.e., cluster boundary). The resulting drag model is a function of particle Reynolds number, SVF and the gradient of SVF. This straightforward modification is consistent with the elaborately filtered‐approach‐based modification method in nature. A CFD simulation for a two‐dimensional riser was conducted to validate the new drag model. The outlet solid mass flux, axial and radial time‐averaged voidages from the new drag model agreed well with the experimental measurements, and these results were far better than those from the conventional homogeneous drag models. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2588–2598, 2017