共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 72 毫秒
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在小型固定床反应器中以Ni-Cu/ZrO2为催化剂,对小球藻热解油进行催化加氢脱氧,以改善生物油性能。利用XRD、H2-TPR、TG、NH3-TPD等技术对催化剂进行了结构表征。结果表明,Cu的加入有效促进了Ni-Cu/ZrO2催化剂活性相的表面分散,提高了该催化剂对小球藻热解油加氢脱氧反应的催化活性。在2 MPa、350℃反应条件下,随Cu/Ni的增大,Ni-Cu/ZrO2的催化活性先升高后降低,Cu/Ni质量比为0.40时的催化性能最好,连续运行3 h后所得精制生物油脱氧率达82.0%。Ni-Cu/ZrO2催化剂在反应过程中,表面结焦少,活性粒子及催化剂性能稳定,连续运行24 h后所得精制生物油脱氧率依然维持在77.0%以上。小球藻热解油经催化加氢脱氧所得的精制生物油,低位热值由31.5 MJ·kg-1提高至35.0 MJ·kg-1,40℃运动黏度由20.5 mm2·s-1降至9.5 mm2·s-1,且油品中水分更易于脱除。精制生物油中高级脂肪酸的含量减少,油品稳定性大幅提高。 相似文献
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以NaBH4作为还原剂,采用化学还原法制备出Ni-Mo-B或含助剂Co的Ni-Mo-B非晶态催化剂,用BET、SEM、XRD、XPS和DSC对催化剂进行表征分析,以苯酚为模型化合物研究其加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,所制备的催化剂为非晶态结构,助剂Co的加入,使催化剂粒径变小,促进Ni和B之间的电子转移,提高热稳定性。在苯酚的加氢脱氧活性研究中,加入助剂Co后,Ni-Mo-B显示出高加氢脱氧活性。在523 K、氢压4.0 MPa时,苯酚转化率达98%,加氢脱氧选择性达93%,产物中芳烃含量仅为2.92%,低于欧洲生物质油精制标准(14%)。随着温度的升高,加氢脱氧选择性进一步提高,但是在高温下,催化剂的非晶态结构不稳定,表现为转化率的下降和中间产物含量的增加。 相似文献
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酚类加氢脱氧(HDO)是石油、煤基液体燃料和生物质油转化利用中的重要过程,催化剂在其中起关键作用。酚类加氢脱氧催化剂包括过渡金属硫化物、还原态金属催化剂、磷化物、碳化物和氮化物等。本文从活性、选择性、稳定性和催化机理等方面介绍了各类催化剂的研究进展。过渡金属硫化物重点介绍了负载的CoMoS催化剂和非负载的MoS2,其中晶态MoS2具有优异的活性和选择性。还原态金属介绍了负载的非贵金属(Ni、Mo和Co)、贵金属(Rh、Ru、Pd和Pt)和双金属(NiRu、Ni-Fe、Mo-Pt和Pd-X)等催化剂,并对不同的金属催化剂进行了比较。磷化物重点介绍了SiO2负载的Ni2P、MoP和CoP,Ni2P/SiO2具有很高的催化活性和选择性。碳化物主要是Mo2C催化剂,其具有较高的芳环类产物选择性。氮化物主要是Mo2N催化剂,其加氢脱氧活性仍有待提高。各类催化剂大多存在稳定性欠缺的问题,过渡金属硫化物主要是提高催化剂对水的稳定性,还原态金属必须重视杂质尤其是硫引起的中毒问题,可考虑与脱硫催化剂组合使用,磷化物应关注积炭和颗粒团聚。 相似文献
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Physicochemical properties of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice husk were studied in the present work.Molecular distillation was used to separate the crude bio-oil into three fractions viz.light fraction,middle fraction and heavy fraction.Their chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer(GC-MS).The thermal behavior,including evaporation and decomposition,was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(TG-FTIR).The product distribution was significantly affected by contents of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.The bio-oil yield was 46.36%(by mass) and the yield of gaseous products was 27%(by mass).The chemicals in the bio-oil included acids,aldehydes,ketones,alcohols,phenols,sugars,etc.The light fraction was mainly composed of acids and compounds with lower boiling point temperature,the middle and heavy fractions were consisted of phenols and levoglucosan.The thermal stability of the bio-oil was determined by the interactions and intersolubility of compounds.It was found that the thermal stability of bio-oil was better than the light fraction,but worse than the middle and heavy fractions. 相似文献
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Ru/C催化作用下生物油在超临界乙醇中的提质 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用了两步加氢-超临界提质以及一步超临界提质两种方法对生物油进行提质,并进行了溶剂回收利用。实验结果表明经过这两种提质方法,生物油的物化性质均得到有效提升,提质后生物油中酸、酮和酚的相对含量明显下降,而醇、醚和酯类等理想产物的相对含量有显著上升。根据每步产物的GC-MS结果,对提质过程中所发生的反应进行了推测。相对于一步法提质所得到生物油,两步提质法所得到的提质生物油中醇和醚类的相对含量略高而酮、酚和酯类的相对含量略低。同时,相比于一步超临界提质,两步加氢-超临界提质过程中乙醇的消耗量有所降低。溶剂的回收利用在降低生物油提质所需要的乙醇含量的同时提高了提质产物中酯类的相对含量,这表明在较低的醇油比条件下超临界提质仍然是一种有效的生物油提质方法。 相似文献
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以(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)和Ni(NO_3)_2为原料,以NaBH_4作为还原剂采用常规方法和超声波法制备出非晶态Ni-Mo-B催化剂,用BET、SEM、XRD和FT-IR对所制备的催化剂进行表征.XRD结果表明,所制备的催化剂均为非晶态结构,超声波的引入抑制了硼氧化物的生成,提高了非晶态的无序性.SEM显示,引入超声波,催化剂粒径变小,催化剂的团聚现象减少,比表面积增大.以苯酚为模型化合物研究催化剂的加氢脱氧性能,其中超声波条件下制备的催化剂表现出优良的加氢脱氧活性,在498 K时,苯酚的转化率达81.08%,脱氧选择性达93.39%. 相似文献
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通过TG-FTIR、GC/MS和XRD等分析手段,研究了Fe2O3、Al2O3、CaO和TiO2四种金属氧化物催化下重质生物油的热解特性及产物差异。结果表明:应用上述四种催化剂的再裂解实验均促进了重质生物油的脱氧,其中CaO催化下脱氧效果最好,Al2O3能够有效降低反应温度,Fe2O3有效促进了重质生物油成炭前的解聚、固相产物质量降幅达21.23%,TiO2对CO2的生成有最明显的抑制效果、同时可以降低反应结束温度;在低温下,除CaO外的三种催化剂均对有效产物的生成有促进作用,但对不同种类的物质各有侧重,而CaO则会使反应所需温度升高且对愈创木酚的富集有很强的选择性;在中温下,CaO和TiO2表现出较好的催化效果。上述催化热解过程有效促进了酚类的富集,效果最好的是Al2O3,酚类相对含量增幅达31.10%。除Fe2O3外的三种金属氧化物均降低了生物炭的有序度,添加CaO制备的生物炭具有最无序的炭结构和最高的固相产率。 相似文献
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使用自主研发的流化床热解反应器对生物质热解制油进行实验研究,通过对不同实验温度450、500、525、550、580、610℃下得到的目标产物进行分析,得到了反应温度对生物油产率的影响规律。实验表明:550℃时,最大液体产率为42.5%(质量);实验得到的不可冷凝气体的组分以CO、CO2、CH4和H2为主,气相产物产率约为37.7%(质量)。在实验基础上,利用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,建立了生物质热解制油工艺模拟流程,模拟分析了热解温度对生物油产率的影响,结果表明该模型能准确模拟实际热解过程,具有较好的适用性和可靠性。 相似文献
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Novel inexpensive transition metal phosphide catalysts for upgrading of pyrolysis oil via hydrodeoxygenation 下载免费PDF全文
Cheng Guo Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao Ehsan Reyhanitash Zhongshun Yuan Sohrab Rohani Chunbao Xu Sophia He 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2016,62(10):3664-3672
Supported molybdenum/molybdenum‐phosphides as inexpensive catalysts for bio‐oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) were in‐house prepared using different support materials, i.e., Al2O3, activated carbon (AC), MgAl2O4, and Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16. The HDO activity of these catalysts were investigated using a 100 mL bench‐scale reactor operating at 300°C with an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 bar for 3 h with a pyrolysis oil (PO). The catalytic efficiencies for bio‐oil HDO for the catalysts were compared with the expensive but commercially available Ru/C catalyst. Addition of small amount of P to the Mo catalysts supported on either AC and Al2O3 led to increased degree of deoxygenation (DOD) and oil yield compared with those without P. MoP supported on AC (MoP/AC) demonstrated bio‐oil HDO activity comparable to the Ru/C catalyst. Furthermore, three AC‐supported metal phosphides for PO HDO were compared under the same conditions, and they were found to follow the order of NiP/AC > CoP/AC > MoP/AC. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3664–3672, 2016 相似文献
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Application of the Shvo catalyst in homogeneous hydrogenation of bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of white poplar: New mild upgrading conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Upgrading of bio-oils obtained from the fast pyrolysis of biomasses requires the development of efficient catalysts able to work under mild conditions and to cope with the complex chemical nature of the reactant. The present work focuses on the use of the ruthenium based Shvo homogeneous catalyst for the hydrogenation of model mixtures (vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, methylacetophenone, glycolaldehyde, acetol, acetic acid) and of a real bio-oil. The hydrogenation of model compounds has been investigated both in mono- and biphasic mixtures under a P(H2) = 10 atm in the temperature range of 90-145 °C varying the substrate to catalyst molar ratio from 2000:1 to 200:1. Employing the most active reaction conditions (substrate/catalyst 200:1, T = 145 °C, P(H2) = 10 atm) the Shvo catalyst maintains its performances under acidic “bio-oil conditions” leading to the almost quantitative conversion of the polar double bonds within 1 h. The activity of the Shvo catalyst was also investigated for the hydrogenation of a bio-oil from poplar in solvent free conditions. Hydrogenation deeply changed the chemical nature of the pyrolysis oil. Aldehydes, ketones and non-aromatic double bonds were almost totally hydrogenated. The catalytic system also promoted the hydrolysis of sugar oligomers into monomers. 相似文献