木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究进展

将木质素作为一种有机颗粒填料添加到热塑性塑料中,可解决造纸黑液资源化利用、石油原料日渐紧张以及环境污染加剧等严峻问题。而木质素与热塑性塑料之间相容性直接影响木质素在塑料工业中的应用与发展。首先简要概述了木质素结构与性质和木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料的性能分析,然后系统地阐述国内外研究木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容方法及其原理;增容方法按添加相容剂、改性木质素和改性塑料进行归类,并对3种增容方法进行比较分析;接着综述了木质素复合材料中增容方法的交叉复合使用;最后对未来木质素/热塑性塑料复合材料界面增容的研究方向以及思路进行了展望。     

木质素/聚烯烃复合材料界面增容的研究进展

木质素作为植物界第二大可再生生物质资源,其有效利用技术一直是人们关注的热点。利用共混技术制备木质素/聚烯烃复合材料不仅可以提高木质素的有效利用率,还可以减少化石能源的消耗,提高聚烯烃的环境适应性,是近年来研究的热门课题。然而聚烯烃和木质素之间的界面黏附能力差,直接影响复合材料的性能,因此改善两者的界面相容性对于提升木质素/聚烯烃复合材料的性能至关重要。本文介绍了木质素的结构与性能,分析了木质素与聚烯烃相容性差的原因,同时从增容方法和共混工艺两方面回顾了国内外在木质素/聚烯烃复合材料界面增容方面的研究现状和最新进展,着重阐述了增容剂种类、木质素改性方法、共混工艺参数的改变对复合材料界面相容性的影响。此外,在木质素/聚烯烃复合材料生产生活应用的基础上展望了木质素/聚烯烃复合材料界面增容的发展趋势,指出进一步寻找成本低廉、性能优异的增容剂,探索更有效的复合增容工艺以及引入能量牺牲键将是未来研究的主要方向。     

改善热塑性塑料/植物纤维界面相容性方法的研究

简要介绍热塑性塑料/植物纤维复合材料的界面相容性及其影响因素,着重介绍国内外改善热塑性塑料/植物纤维界面相容性的各种物理、化学方法,主要包括植物纤维的表面处理、热塑性塑料的改性及加入第三组分,展望了热塑性塑料/植物纤维复合材料的发展前景。     

改进植物纤维/热塑性塑料复合材料界面相容性的技术进展

综述了国内外在改进天然植物纤维增强热塑性塑料复合材料界面相容性方面所做的研究工作及最新进展,分析了复合材料界面相容性的影响因素。目前改进界面相容性的方法主要包括:天然植物纤维的表面处理,如碱化和酯化预处理、接枝改性、浸润处理、表面物理加工;添加合适的界面改性剂(如界面相容剂、化学偶联剂、表面活性剂等);以及塑料基体改性等;其他因素对复合材料相容性也有影响。     

废胶粉/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体的界面增容研究

采取多种相容剂和反应加工手段，设计轮胎胎面废胶粉（WRP）与聚丙烯（PP）体系的不同界面，旨在制备出性能优异的热塑性弹性体（TPE）。研究了纯WRP／纯PP、三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）包覆WRP／纯PP、丁苯吡橡胶（BSPR）包覆WRP／接枝马来酸酐聚丙烯（MPP）／PP、特殊高分子相容剂（SMC）包覆WRP／纯PP、原位接枝胺基WRP／MPP／PP、动态接枝纯WRP／纯PP等六种体系制备的TPE的性能，WRP／树脂质量比为70／30。结果表明，采用后三种体系制备的TPE性能优良，已经接近天然橡胶／聚丙烯TPE的性能水准，但WRP必须用酚醛树脂进行改性。据此，提出强界面和合适的界面模量过渡是制备废胶粉／树脂热塑性弹性体的关键。TEM的相态研究表明：胶粉的分散粒径在几到十几个微米之间，较原始粒径有很大的细化。     

木质填料/热塑性塑料复合材料研究进展

介绍了木质填料的种类、用量、尺寸和塑料的种类对木质填料/热塑性塑料复合材料(WPC)性能的影响,综述了WPC的界面改性、增韧改性、加工改性和成型技术等方面的研究进展.     

纤维增强热塑性聚合物复合材料的界面控制与设计

本文综合分析了纤维强热塑性聚合物复合材料界面的形成过程,界面结合及方式,应力传递行为,复合过程所引起的界面效应以及界面层性对复合材料宏观力学性能的影响,在此基础上,探讨了纤维增强热塑性聚合物聚合物界面设计及优化的方法。     

热塑性塑料/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的研究进展

概述了蒙脱土的结构、有机改性机理和热塑性塑料/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法,同时介绍了无定型热塑性塑料/蒙脱土和结晶型热塑性塑料/蒙脱土复合材料的最新研究进展和今后研究开发的方向。     

聚合物/木质素共混复合材料的研究进展

综述了木质素与聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯共混复合材料的制备、性能及其应用,并对其存在的问题及发展趋势进行了分析。     

木纤维增强热塑性复合材料的界面研究现状

综述了目前国内外关于木纤维增强热塑性复合材料界面的研究进展，介绍了常用的几种改善木塑复合材料界面相容性的方法，并分析了各自的优缺点。     

木质素/高分子复合材料的研究进展

将木质素与其他高分子材料共混,在保证良好相容性的前提下,可以得到具备耐热、抗老化、耐紫外辐射等特殊性能且成本低廉的复合材料,同时木质素的可生物降解性也可以移植到复合材料中。介绍了木质素共混高分子复合材料的研究进展,根据基体材料种类及与木质素相容性的不同,对木质素/高分子复合材料进行分类介绍,并指出了在相容性方面存在的一些问题。     

In situ dispersion and compatibilization of lignin/epoxidized natural rubber composites: reactivity,morphology and property

Lignin, a naturally occurring polymer, was viewed as a potential substitute of carbon black for reinforcing rubber materials. However, it shows no reinforcing effect if directly mixed with rubber. In this study, lignin was in situ dispersed at submicrometer size and highly compatible with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) by using a high‐temperature dynamic heat treatment (HTDHT). Rheology analysis indicated that the ring opening reaction between lignin and ENR occurred at 160°C or above, which was further confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Due to the consumption of acidic groups of lignin by ENR, the retardant vulcanization effect of lignin was weakened. Morphology observation and dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the perfect lignin dispersion and the strong interactions between lignin and ENR. The mechanical properties of the lignin/ENR composites were significantly improved by using HTDHT. Compared to the directly mixed rubber composites, the tensile strength and tear strength of the heat treated rubber composites filled with 40 phr lignin were increased by 114% and 23%, respectively. Especially, the 300% modulus of the heat treated rubber composite was increased by ca. 400%. X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the reinforcement of the composites originated from the presence of lignin rather than the strain‐induced crystallization of ENR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42044.     

GMA对高分子共混体系的反应增容

介绍了甲基丙烯酯缩水甘油酯类大分子增容剂制备的方法及原理,甲基丙烯酯缩水甘油酯对聚酰胺合金、聚酯合金、聚烯烃合金、生物降解高分子合金及高分子复合材料等的反应增容及原理。综述了相关的研究进展。     

引发剂活性和挤出温度对HDPE木塑复合材料反应增容的影响

研究试图通过引发剂与马来酸酐实现高密度聚乙烯和木粉间的反应增容,以改善木塑复合材料的热性能和力学性能。利用双螺杆挤出机同步实现了高密度聚乙烯与木粉的均匀混合、马来酸酐与高密度聚乙烯的接枝和接枝共聚物与木粉表面羟基的界面反应。通过扫描电镜观测了复合材料冲击断面的形貌,测试了复合材料的负荷变形温度和力学性能。分析了引发剂活性和挤出温度对复合材料反应增容的影响。结果表明,用中等活性的过氧化二异丙苯与马来酸酐增容后,复合材料木塑两相间的结合情况明显改善,负荷变形温度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率明显提高;而高活性的过氧化苯甲酰与马来酸酐对复合材料的增容效果不佳。用过氧化二异丙苯与马来酸酐增容时,挤出温度升高,马来酸酐的最佳增容用量前移。     

反应增容制备PP/纳米TiO2复合材料

在纳米TiO2表面包覆一层SiO2薄膜,用含氨基的硅烷偶联剂对TiO2表面进行修饰合成功能化纳米TiO2（sTiO2-NH2）,然后将sTi02-NH：与聚丙烯（PP）及少量马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）通过熔融共混结合反应增容技术制备PWPP-g-MAH／sTiO2-NH2纳米复合材料。考察了纳米粒子和大分子相容剂用量对复合材料性能的影响。由于功能化纳米粒子表面-NH2与PP-g-MAH发生了化学反应,增强了两相的界面作用并促使纳：米粒子在PP中的均匀分散,在添加质量分数为2％的纳米粒子和质量分数为5％大分子相容剂时,相对纯PP材料而言,复合材料的拉伸和冲击强度分别提高了32％和400％,实现了对PP的增强增韧。     

Temperature dependence of the tensile properties of lignin/paper composites

The mechanical properties of dioxane lignin (DL)/paper and kraft lignin (KL)/paper composites were investigated as functions of temperature and strain rate. The tensile properties of the lignin/paper composites were governed by the viscoelastic properties of lignins used as a matrix. In the temperature dependence of the tensile properties, the strength of DL/paper composite decreased at 70° and 130°C at which the elongation had maxima. This behaviour was caused by the viscoelastic properties of DL having two relaxations in the primary dispersion region at 120° and 160°C. In the case of KL/paper composite, a drastic decrease in the strength and maximum of elongation were observed at the glass transition of KL (140°C). The strain rate dependence of the strength of DL/paper composite showed behaviour typical of viscoelastic materials. The strength increased with increase of the strain rate and then decreased after reaching a maximum, which showed a transition from a brittle to a ductile type of fracture.     

反应性增容对PP/纳米SiO_2界面作用的影响

通过动态力学分析和拉伸性能的测试,采用不同模型研究了反应性增容对聚丙烯(PP),纳米SiO2复合材料界面作用的影响.研究表明,反应性增容使纳米SiO2粒子与PP基体的界面作用明显增强,使PP分子链的松弛活化能增大.在环氧功能化改性纳米SiO2粒子和反应性增容剂(氨基化PP)的质量分数分别为3%和10%时,复合材料的冲击强度从1.85 kJ/m2提高到3.46 kJ/m2,体现了明显的增韧作用.     

Synergistic compatibilization and reinforcement of HDPE/wood flour composites

Multi‐monomer grafted copolymers, high‐density polyethylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride‐styrene (HDPE‐g‐(MAH‐St)) and polyethylene wax‐grafted‐ maleic anhydride ((PE wax)‐g‐MAH), were synthesized and applied to prepare high‐performance high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood flour (WF) composites. Interfacial synergistic compatibilization was studied via the coordinated blending of high‐density polyethylene‐grafted‐maleic anhydride (MPE‐St) and polyethylene wax‐grafted‐ maleic anhydride (MPW) in the high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood flour (WF) composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology and three‐dimensional WF sketch presented that strong interactive interface between HDPE and WF, formed by MPE‐St with high graft degree of maleic anhydride (MAH) together with the permeating effect of MPW with a low molecular weight. Experimental results demonstrated that HDPE/WF composites compatibilized by MPE‐St/MPW compounds showed significant improvement in mechanical properties, rheological properties, and water resistance than those compatibilized by MPE, MPE‐St or MPW separately and the uncompatibilized composites. The mass ratio of MPE‐St/MPW for optimizing the HDPE/WF composites was 5:1. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42958.     

Interfacial compatibilization for PSF/TLCP blends by a modified polysulfone

Maleic anhydride-grafted polysulfone (PSF-g-MAH) was prepared by copolymerization in a solution. Compared to polysulfone, the surface tension and its polar fraction of PSF-g-MAH were increased by modification. The PSF-g-MAH was used to compatibilize polysulfone (PSF)/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) (Vectra B950) blends. DRS-FTIR investigations showed that the special interaction between PSF and TLCP phases was enhanced due to the incorporation of PSF-g-MAH. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and PLM studies revealed that some chemical reactions had occurred between PSF-g-MAH and TLCP components, which produced PSF-VB copolymers. It is suggested that the improvement of compatibility should be attributed to some interactions including both chemical and physical ones. The improvement of compatibility was also confirmed by DMA and TGA analysis. Morphological observation showed that the addition of compatibilizer significantly reduced the size of the dispersed TLCP phase, and in case of injection molding, PSF-g-MAH promoted the TLCP fibrillation and improved their dispersion within the matrix. The processabilities of PSF/TLCP blends before and after compatibilization were investigated. It was found that the melt viscosities were increased by the addition of PSF-g-MAH, which also gave an evidence of the occurrence of interaction between phases.