五倍子染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

本文侧重以五倍子染料染得更深、牢度更好的毛织物为出发点,研究了五倍子染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响。结果表明,五倍子可选择在100℃提取,五倍子提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2h,其耐酸较好,但耐碱性差;五倍子染料染毛织物的优化工艺为：铁离子媒染剂浓度7．5％（omf）,植物染料用量为50％（omf）,Ph4,染色温度100℃。     

五倍子染料的提取及其在羊毛织物上的染色性能研究

本文以中药五倍子为染料研究了其染液的提取方法以及染色工艺参数对其染色效果的影响。结果表明,五倍子可选择在100℃提取,五倍子提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在2小时,其耐酸较好,但耐碱性差;五倍子染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:铁离子媒染剂浓度7.5%(owf),植物染料用量为50%(owf),Ph值为4,染色温度100℃。     

植物染料茜草的稳定性研究

文章采用差示扫描量热仪、热重/差热同步分析仪等热分析仪器、紫外/可见光分光光度仪详细研究了植物染料茜草的耐热稳定性、酸碱稳定性及储存稳定性,测试了茜草染色毛织物的耐热压色牢度和耐罐蒸色牢度.结果表明,茜草色素在100℃沸水中至少可以稳定2h,茜草染料可采用100℃沸水染色;茜草粉末染料中的某些化学成分有可能在145℃分解,350℃炭化;茜草染色毛织物的耐热压色牢度及耐罐蒸色牢度均达到3级以上;茜草色素酒精提取浓缩液可以在室温下保存90天以上,其水溶液在酸性条件下较稳定,但在碱性条件下不稳定,颜色有较大变化.     

板栗壳天然染料的提取及对毛织物染色的研究

板栗壳中的色素是一种天然植物染料,文章通过对提取液吸光度的测试及其染色毛织物K/S值的测试与分析,讨论了染料的提取工艺及毛织物采用板栗壳天然染料染色时p H值、染料用量、染色温度、染色时间对织物染色效果的影响。结果表明,Na OH溶液是板栗壳色素提取的最佳试剂,板栗壳天然植物染料对精纺毛织物染色的最佳工艺为:染液p H值3,染料用量60 m L/L,染色温度80℃,染色时间100 min。在此工艺条件下染色毛织物可以获得较好的染色效果,色牢度能够达到服用要求。     

板栗壳天然染料对羊毛织物染色性能的研究

分析板栗壳天然染料的性能,对染料在毛织物上进行染色实验.选择染色温度、染液浓度、染浴pH值、氯化钠质量浓度进行正交试验.测出染色过程的相关参数,从中选择出最佳染色条件.同时,对染色试样的各项牢度进行了测试.结果表明,板栗壳提取液在100℃沸水中能稳定存在,但其耐酸、碱稳定性差;板栗壳染料染毛织物的优化工艺为:染色温度100℃、浓度为X、pH值5、氯化钠质量浓度9.3 g/L;织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和皂洗沾色牢度较好.     

苏木色素的提取工艺及染色性能

研究植物染料苏木在提取前的准备,优化苏木提取温度、时间、次数等,测试苏木染液的放置稳定性、酸碱稳定性,及苏木染液质量分数与电导率的关系,并对巴西林、苏木染液染毛织物的方法做了讨论.结果表明:苏木在提取前需将心材粉碎为适当粒度,以保证原料混合均匀;100℃提取,每次提取60min,提取3次;苏木提取液在酸性条件下较稳定,碱性条件下不稳定,变化很大;苏木染液质量分数在0～0.8%范围内,质量分数与其电导率成正比关系,在水溶液中稳定存在;苏木染料适于采用铝前媒染染色方法染毛织物.     

黄土媒染红色系天然染料婴幼儿面料生态染色

针对婴幼儿纺织品面料,选择红色系天然植物染料茜草和苏木来染色,并采用黄土作为媒染剂进行固色实现了生态染色。通过实验分析了茜草和苏木染液的浓度、染色温度、染色时间对染色深度的影响,并对染后织物进行了有害物质检测,结果表明由黄土媒染处理的茜草和苏木染制品色泽纯正,且有较好的色牢度。最佳染色工艺为:茜草染液浓度5g/L,温度100℃,时间40min;苏木染液浓度15g/L,温度60℃,时间40min。     

茶条槭毛织物染色工艺研究

为了研究茶条槭毛织物染色工艺,通过比较吸光度值的正交试验筛选最佳提取工艺,以硫酸亚铁为媒染剂,分析不同染色工艺和影响因素对颜色特征值及K/S值的影响,确定最佳染色工艺及工艺参数。结果表明,茶条槭最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶10,提取时间60 min,提取次数2次,浸泡时间24 h;茶条槭毛织物最佳染色工艺为后媒染,主要呈黑灰色调;后媒染最佳染色工艺参数为茶条槭染液质量浓度8.45 g/L、硫酸亚铁媒染剂质量浓度5.00 g/L、染色温度80℃、染色时间30 min、染液pH值5。茶条槭毛织物后媒染的染色性能有较好表现,其耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均在4级以上,具有一定的开发价值。     

茜草染料对棉织物的染色工艺及染色稳定性

利用提取的茜草染料对棉织物进行染色,通过测色配色指标表征分析茜草染料对棉织物的最佳染色工艺与染色稳定性。经十二水合硫酸铝钾预媒染后,茜草染料对棉织物的最佳染色工艺如下：染液质量分数为4%,温度为90℃,pH值为12,染色时间为30 min。茜草染色棉织物在活性污泥中着色性能下降较快,其颜色由黄色向红色转变,着色稳定性较差。模拟日照处理的茜草染色棉织物,其颜色由黄色向红色转变,染色稳定性较好。综合分析认为：茜草染料对棉织物具有较好的染色性能,但应避免长时间在活性污泥环境中使用。     

葡萄籽染料对毛织物的染色性能

葡萄籽植物染料资源丰富,通过研究染色温度、染浴pH值对其染色性能的影响,优化了毛织物的直接染色工艺,测试了牢度和抗紫外性能.结果表明,葡萄籽染料耐热、耐酸稳定性好,但耐碱稳定性差;葡萄籽染料可采用直接染、预媒染和后媒染多种染色工艺对毛织物染色,采用不同的媒染剂和不同的染色方法可得到不同颜色的毛织物.葡萄籽染料在100℃、酸性及弱酸性条件下(染浴pH值3～6)对毛织物的直接染色性好,所染毛织物具有较好的皂洗、摩擦、升华牢度及抗紫外性能.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the