PTT／SPF纤维混纺纱织物性能研究

通过将SPF和PTT纤维混纺制成混纺纱编织羊毛衫，解决了纯SPF纤维织物缩水变形大、易起毛和混纺易起球问题，又确保了大豆纤维织物的舒适功能性。     

棉/聚乳酸纤维混纺织物的开发

利用棉/聚乳酸纤维开发的织物花型新颖、美观,介绍了棉/聚乳酸纤维混纺织物的开发要点,认为:(1)聚乳酸纤维与棉的混纺比为70/30时可充分发挥聚乳酸纤维的物理机械性能;(2)棉/聚乳酸混纺纱线采用两种染料两浴法染色,工艺繁复,色光易控制;(3)后整理要兼顾聚乳酸纤维的特性,以免使其遭受损伤.聚乳酸纤维在府绸织物上的运用提升了产品的附加值,产生了一定的经济和社会效益.     

羊毛/双抗涤纶纤维混纺纱生产实践

针对羊毛与涤纶纤维混纺织物易起毛起球和起静电问题,选择强力相对较低且具有良好抗静电性的羊毛与双抗涤纶进行混纺,通过优化改进羊毛与双抗涤纶纤维条染复精梳的染色工艺、复洗工艺及混纺工艺,实现了双抗涤纶纤维和羊毛条染色均匀,降低了双抗涤纶纤维染色残留低聚物,改善了羊毛/双抗涤纶纤维混纺过程中的飞毛绕毛现象,既解决了羊毛/涤纶纤维混纺织物的起毛起球和起静电现象,又不会因纤维强力过低而影响纺纱和织造生产,拓展了双抗涤纶在精纺毛织物产品开发中的应用。     

丙纶磁性纤维仿毛织物舒适性的多元回归分析及混纺比优化

为了研究丙纶磁性纤维混纺织物的混纺比对面料舒适性能的影响,采用丙纶磁性纤维、棉纤维、竹浆纤维进行混纺,设计9种不同混纺比的平纹仿毛织物。测试混纺织物透气性、透湿性和导湿性能指标。基于多元回归分析法建立数学模型,并对数据结果进行评估,进而利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱对混纺织物的混纺比进行优化验证。结果表明:丙纶磁性纤维/棉纤维/竹浆纤维含量为60/10/30时织物舒适性能最优,为多元磁性纤维混纺仿毛织物的产品开发提供了理论依据。     

Research of Outlast Modified Acrylic Fiber Blended Fabric Temperature-adjusting Property

研究Outlast改性腈纶纤维与Modal纤维混纺织物的调温性能.对4种Outlast改性腈纶纤维混纺织物的基本结构与保温性能进行了测试,通过步冷试验重点测试了织物的调温性能.结果表明:紧度和厚度较大的织物保温性能较好;织物降温速率随时间的延续呈指数规律减小.认为:Outlast改性腈纶纤维混纺织物的保温性能与织物紧度、厚度密切相关;Outlast改性腈纶纤维混纺织物具有较好的温度调节能力.     

镀银纤维混纺织物抑菌性能及机理分析

探讨棉镀银纤维混纺织物的抑菌性能及机理。采用不同含银量的镀银纤维与棉纤维纺制不同混纺比的棉镀银纤维混纺纱,并织制出不同含银量的棉镀银纤维混纺织物,测试了不同含银量、不同洗涤次数、与大肠杆菌不同接触时间的混纺织物对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,同时测试了不同浸泡时间下混纺织物的银离子释放率。研究结果表明:棉镀银纤维混纺织物中的含银量在2%以上时,其对大肠杆菌的抑菌率可以达到100%;镀银纤维中的银含量、棉镀银纤维混纺比对混纺织物的抑菌效果均有明显的影响;镀银纤维的抑菌效果和镀银纤维表面沉积银层的离子化有关,银离子释放率越高,抑菌效果越明显。     

小比例导电纤维精梳混纺毛纱工艺探讨

针对普通涤纶与羊毛纤维混纺织物易产生静电,继而影响织物的外观、穿着舒适性和安全性等问题,选择了以丝光羊毛为主体、小比例导电纤维与天丝及涤纶混纺开发精梳混纺毛纱.通过合理选配各组分原料的细度,确保了各组分纤维在纱线内的合理分布,使产品质量和性能得到进一步优化提升;通过增加复精梳、前纺的混条和针梳道数,改进混纺方法,配置先进的生产设备,优化各工序主要工艺参数,提高了混纺原料的混合均匀度和纤维的伸直平行度,改善了混纺纺纱过程中缠绕现象,解决了织物穿着过程中的静电吸灰等问题.为未来抗静电功能性纺织品的设计开发奠定了基础.     

除臭面料的开发及其性能研究

通过测试光触媒纤维、羊毛纤维、光触媒纤维/羊毛纤维混纺纱及其混纺织物的服用性能和除臭性能,确定光触媒纤维/羊毛纤维的最佳混纺比。研究表明,光触媒纤维与羊毛纤维混纺纱及其混纺织物的服用性能随着光触媒纤维含量的增加而降低,而混纺织物的除臭性能却随光触媒纤维的增加而增加。当光触媒纤维含量超过70%,混纺纱线及混纺织物的服用性能下降幅度加大,且除臭性能增幅放缓,因此认为光触媒纤维与羊毛纤维的混纺织物中光触媒纤维的含量在70%左右为佳。     

天竹纤维/细特锦纶混纺织物的开发

分析了天竹纤维和细特锦纶纤维的结构和性能特点,综合两种纤维的优势,开发了天竹纤维/细特锦纶混纺织物。阐述了天竹纤维/细特锦纶混纺织物生产中存在的问题,并探讨了天竹纤维/细特锦纶混纺织物的服用性能。     

Outlast纤维混纺织物的染整技术

通过生产实践研究制定了Outlast纤维混纺织物的前处理、染色和后整理工艺.结果表明:Outlast纤维混纺织物不宜在高温和强碱性条件下进行精练和漂白处理,不能进行丝光处理,机械轧光整理对Outlast纤维中的微胶囊有一定的破坏作用.其混纺织物的染色工艺和粘胶纤维混纺织物类似,而其后整理工艺则和普通纯棉或涤/棉混纺织物大致相同.     

Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatments on Mechanical and Interfacial Bonding Strength of Sugar Palm Fibers with Thermoplastic Polyurethane

Sugar palm fibers (SPF) are one of valuable natural fibers which are abundantly available in Malaysia as agricultural biomass. The aim of this study to investigate on the effects of alkali, silane, and combination between alkali (6%) and silane (2%) on physical and mechanical properties of SPF to improve interfacial bonding of SPF with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrices. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the effectiveness of the alkali and saline treatments in the removal of impurities. Silane treated SPF exhibits better tensile strength than those of alkali, alkali-silane treated and untreated SPF. Droplet test indicates that the interfacial stress strength (IFSS) of alkali and silane treated SPF are enhanced whereas silane treated fibers exhibit highest IFSS. It is assumed that fiber treatments will help to develop high performance SPF reinforced polymer composites for industrial applications.     

Consequences for sun protection factors when solar simulator spectra deviate from the spectrum of the sun

The sun protection factor (SPF) of two products, one with an expected SPF of 4 and another with an expected SPF of 15 were determined, using two solar simulators: Multiport Solar UV Simulator (xenon, Solar Light, Philadelphia, PA, USA), and Supersun 5000 (metal halide, Mutzhas, Munich, Germany). The mean SPFs using the Multiport were: 4.8 for the low SPF product and 19.4 for the high SPF one. The results using the Supersun were lower: 2.6 for the low SPF product and 7.2 for the high SPF one. Relative emission spectra of the two sources were recorded using a fluorescence spectrophotometer in bioluminescence mode. Efficacy spectra were calculated and compared with the corresponding spectrum of natural sunlight. It was evident that the spectral power of the xenon source is too high in the UVB, leading to overestimation of SPFs, whereas the Supersun irradiator emits too much in the UVA, resulting in too low SPFs. Heat effects and photodegradation of UV filters are discussed as further possible reasons for the discrepancies between the experimentally determined SPFs. Our results confirm a recent publication about theoretical SPFs, calculated with emission spectra of a xenon source and spectra of the sun at different elevation angles, where the authors provide evidence that in natural sunlight the contribution of UVA to total UV radiation is twice as high as in a xenon source. This may contribute to an understanding of why sunscreens tested according to the FDA method (xenon sources) often yield higher SPFs than those obtained from European testing procedures.     

大豆蛋白质纤维(华康)结构对其性能的影响

对大豆蛋白质纤维(华康)的结构作出了评价,认为在现有的主要服用纤维结构中,尚未见有直线形大分子网状聚集态的结构,大豆蛋白质纤维(华康)采用该结构较难控制;对该纤维的结构和性能的关系进行了探讨,认为该纤维在合成纤维的基础上增添了某些天然纤维的优良性能,例如纤维光泽、吸湿性和染色性等,但也存在着明显欠缺,例如回弹性和耐热性不足,认为大豆蛋白质纤维(华康)的成纤条件尚待完善。     

Research on a natural sunscreen from Chinese herbs

To compare the difference in SPF values between a synthetic sunscreen and a sunscreen derived from Chinese herbs, by using optical and biological methods, we observed the effects of these sunscreens by photochemical reaction, sun protection factor (SPF) values, and UV absorption. The results showed that the synthetic sunscreen was more effective in UV absorption than the sunscreen derived from natural Chinese herbs. When they were tested biologically, it was found that the sunscreen derived from Chinese herbs was able to improve skin tonicity, as well as reduce the itching, photoerythema, squamation, burning, and reddening caused by the excessive UV radiation, while the synthetic sunscreen could not improve these conditions of the skin, and even induced some side-effects in the skin with photoerythema. By comparing the in vivo SPF values of the two types of sunscreen, they were found to be mainly similar. The results indicate that the SPF value was related to both a photo-reaction and a biological reaction. The sunscreen derived from natural Chinese herbs, although having low UV absorption, was able to exhibit the same SPF value as the synthetic sunscreen because of its biological effects.     

Preliminary studies towards utilization of various plant extracts as antisolar agents

The aim of this work was to evaluate several plant extracts with regard to ultraviolet absorption spectra in view of a possible application as antisolar agents. Liquid and dry extracts of Hamamelis virginiana, Matricaria recutita, Aesculus hippocastanum, Rhamnus purshiana and Cinnamomum zeylanicum were prepared by repercolation, maceration and microwave oven extraction. UVB absorption spectra (290–320nm) were obtained and the solar protection factors (SPF) of these preparations were determined by a spectrophotometric method. The results showed that after incorporation to a 2% solution of the synthetic sunscreen octylmethoxycinnamate, the extracts showed an intensification in SPF values, suggesting that this can be an interesting method to intensify SPF. In addition, these extracts can contribute their emollient and moistening properties to the product. These are important characteristics for protecting skin against exposure to the sun.     

Global regulations of sunscreens

On June 1, 2006, the trade associations representing the personal care industry of the European Union, the U.S., Japan and South Africa agreed on an International Sunscreen Protection Method. What will this mean? Sunscreens are regulated throughout the world either as cosmetics, over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs which do not require a governmental pre‐approval or OTC drugs that require a pre‐approval before they are placed on the market. Regardless of how they are regulated, all of these product regulations are very similar concerning sunscreens! Each country has a pre‐approved list of permitted UV filters, an accepted method of running efficacy by SPF determination, and regulated labels. Some countries have approved methods for UVA claims and water‐resistance testing. The latest changes are in Australia, where some sunscreens will be regulated as cosmetics based on SPF and claims, and Canada, where some sunscreens will be regulated as Natural Health Products depending on their actives! And now here comes a new variable, the harmonized SPF method. What confusion! This paper will cover the different SPF test methods (Harmonized, Australia, and US‐FDA) along with the formulations of reference standards, currently approved UVA methods, water‐resistant testing, some labeling requirements and finally a brief review of cGMPs and other requirements for the U.S. It will have an update of the recent changes in regulations and cover the approved UV filters permitted in the U.S., EU, Japan, Canada and Australia as well as their maximum use level and correct ingredient designation. There is also a master cross reference list by INCI designation.     

Effectiveness of Alkali and Sodium Bicarbonate Treatments on Sugar Palm Fiber: Mechanical,Thermal, and Chemical Investigations

ABSTRACT

Sugar palm fiber (SPF) as one of the attractive natural fibers to reinforce matrix is gaining attention. This is largely due to its similar properties when compared with other established natural fibers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate as a treatment chemical for SPF in comparison with established alkaline treatment. Both treated and untreated fibers were characterized and it was found that the treated fiber shows an increase in crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface’s roughness when compared with the untreated. Among the two different treatments, SPF treated with alkali has an initial decomposition temperature of 255.47°C, while sodium bicarbonate treated and untreated fibers have 250.19°C and 246.76°C, respectively. In both cases, the thermal stability of the fiber was improved. Also, as revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the crystallinity index of SPF treated with alkali and sodium bicarbonate increased by 18.43% and 13.60%, respectively, when compared with untreated fiber. In conclusion, the investigation proved that treatment with the sodium bicarbonate has a significant effect on the physicochemical properties of SPF and the chemical could be an alternative chemical for treating other cellulose fibers.     

Influence of sweet potato flour on the microstructure and nutritional quality of gluten-free fresh noodles

This study investigated the influence of sweet potato flour (SPF) on the microstructure, nutritional and sensory qualities of gluten-free fresh noodles (GFFN). Five kinds of GFFN were produced using SPF (0%–50%) and were compared with cornflour (CF) and wheat flour (WF) noodles. Adding SPF increased springiness and chewiness of the noodles. The β-sheet (amide I, C=O and N–H) and total β-sheet (1704–1683 and 1633–1614 cm⁻¹) protein structures in SPF noodles significantly increased relative to WF. Besides, electron microscopy showed matrix of the filamentous structure in SPF noodles that can mimic a matrix network identical to that of the network in WF. Furthermore, total phenols and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP) were the highest for 40% SPF noodles. This research confirmed that SPF had the potential for improving the microstructure and nutritional value of the noodles, especially for consumers with coeliac disease.     

Physical properties and sixth graders' acceptance of an extruded ready-to-eat sweetpotato breakfast cereal

ABSTRACT: Extruded ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (RTEBCs) were made from varying levels of sweetpotato flour (SPF), whole-wheat bran (WWB), and extrusion cooking. Moisture, protein, and ash contents were lower in the 100% SPF than the 100% WWB. Carbohydrate, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid contents were higher in the 100% SPF. Fat, thiamin, riboflavin contents, bulk densities, and the water absorption index were similar for the cereals. However, the expansion ratio was highest in the 100% SPF cereal. The 100% WWB had the lightest color and most fibrous morphology. Extruded RTEBC containing 100% SPF and 75%/25% SPF/WWB were well-liked and acceptable to sixth graders attending an elementary school in Auburn, Alabama, but the 100% WWB was unacceptable.     

Collaborative development of a sun protection factor test method: a proposed European Standard. COLIPA Task Force 'Sun Protection Measurement', Europe

Standardization of the method to determine sun protection factors (SPF) is fundamental to uniform labelling of SPF values on sun products. The COLIPA Task Force 'Sun Protection Measurement'(SPM), including representatives of major European sun-product manufacturers and contract testing laboratories, was established in 1990 to define methods for sun products testing. The process involved in developing the COLlPA SPF Test Method started with a critical appraisal of previously existing methods, and identification of areas for improvement. Experiments were performed by the participating laboratories to establish the new recommended test protocol which was then confirmed in two multicentred ring tests. Improvements to test methodology included the number and selection of volunteers and skin types, the application of the product, the definition of W output from solar simulators, and the method for assessing erythemal response (MED) including an option to use colorimetry to define objectively the 'erythemal threshold' of skin and to predetermine MED prior to exposure. Four cosmetic formulations and neutral density physical filters (SPF from 4 to 20) were tested in two ring tests. Results showed that variations in SPF of the cosmetic products were, on average, directly proportional to SPF value. An excellent correlation was found between visual and colorimetric SPF assessments (r = 0.99). An acceptable range of values for low and high SPF standard products was also established. The COLIPA SPF test method is now fully defined and supported by experimental data. Its use will harmonize SPF testing throughout Europe and help in the quest for global harmonization in testing sun products.