MnAPO_4-11分子筛的合成及在正丁烯异构化反应中性能的研究

通过水热合成法制备了具有AEL型结构MnAPO4-11分子筛,用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD吸附仪、BET、FT-IR等分析手段对分子筛样品进行了表征。以醚后碳四为原料,在固定床反应器上考察了催化剂在正丁烯骨架异构化反应中的性能,正丁烯的单程转化率为34%~60%,异丁烯的单程收率达到36%,结果表明,MnAPO4-11分子筛在正丁烯骨架异构化反应中具有较好的性能。     

分子筛结构和酸性对正丁烯异构化反应的影响

利用XRD、SEM、NH3-PTD和吡啶吸附红外光谱等手段对ZSM-35和SAPO-11分子筛的结构和酸性质进行表征和对比,考察两种分子筛对正丁烯异构化制备异丁烯反应的催化性能。结果表明,对于硅铝型ZSM-35分子筛,由于存在较强的B酸中心,在异构化反应过程中,丁烯二聚及裂解等副反应发生多,异丁烯选择性低。而SAPO-11分子筛主要以中等偏弱的B酸中心为主,加上一维十元环孔道结构,在异构化反应中更有利于异丁烯的生成,表现出更高的异丁烯选择性及收率。     

SAPO-11分子筛合成及丁烯异构化性能研究

采用水热合成法研究了SAPO-11分子筛制备规律，系统考察了硅源、磷源以及晶化条件等对产物物化性能的影响。结果表明：当晶化温度为190℃,晶化时间为36h,以硅溶胶和磷酸为原料可以制备出纯相高结晶度SAPO-11分子筛。采用原位高温X射线衍射、差热分析以及固体核磁等技术，对SAPO-11分子筛模板剂的焙烧、热稳定性及吸附-脱附水过程中结构的变化进行了研究。以工业醚后碳四为原料，考察了SAPO-11催化剂催化正丁烯骨架异构化反应性能。结果发现，在反应温度为300～380℃、质量空速为1.0h^-1、压力为0.10MPa条件下，催化剂连续运行300h,活性和选择性比较稳定，单程平均转化率为40%,最高异丁烯选择大于90%,异丁烯单程平均收率为35%。     

ZSM-35分子筛催化剂催化正丁烯骨架异构工艺条件研究

采用水热法合成了ZSM-35分子筛,并成型制备成品催化剂。在小型固定床反应器上考察了反应温度、重时空速和原料中正丁烯浓度等对该催化剂的正丁烯骨架异构催化性能的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:温度380℃,压力0.1 MPa,重时空速6 h-1,原料中正丁烯浓度50%~70%。在最佳工艺条件下,正丁烯骨架异构反应运行600 h后,异丁烯收率仍保持在25%以上,异丁烯选择性反应在25 h后即保持在90%以上,丙烯和重组分收率在反应120 h后接近0,催化剂异构性能良好。     

Ni-PMo_(12)/MCM-48催化剂的制备与催化性能研究

通过水热合成法制备了中孔分子筛MCM-48,并采用等体积浸溃法负载活性组分镍(Ni)和磷钼酸(PMo12).采用XRD、BET吸附、红外吡啶吸附等方法对催化剂进行表征.考察了反应温度、还原温度和还原时间对异构化催化性能的影响及催化性能随反应时间的变化.结果表明,w(Ni)=3%-w(PMo12)=30%/MCM-48对正庚烷异构化反应具有较好的异构化性能,当还原温度400℃、反应温度300℃时,催化剂催化性能最好,转化率为14.2%时,异构化选择性能够达到65.6%.     

HY型分子筛负载Pd催化剂用于乙炔氢氯化反应制氯乙烯的催化性能

以水热法合成HY分子筛为载体,等体积浸渍法制备HY型分子筛负载Pd催化剂(Pd/HY)。在反应温度160℃、空速120 h-1和V(HCl)∶V(C2H2)=1.1∶1条件下,考察催化剂用于乙炔氢氯化反应制氯乙烯的催化性能及载体中硅铝比对催化剂催化性能的影响。用XRD、FI-IR、SEM和BET对Pd/HY催化剂的物化性质进行表征,结果表明,Pd/HY(HY分子筛的Si/Al=8)催化剂表现出较好的催化活性,乙炔转化率为97.67%,氯乙烯选择性为98.44%。与工业HY型分子筛为载体的催化剂相比,乙炔转化率提高29%,寿命较长,稳定性良好。     

Pd/C催化聚苯乙烯加氢制聚环己烷基乙烯的研究

研究了不同载体负载的Pd催化剂Pd/MCM-41、Pd/Al₂O₃、Pd/MC和Pd/C在聚苯乙烯（PS）加氢制聚环己烷基乙烯（PCHE）中的性能。考察了催化剂质量、搅拌速度、反应温度、反应时间及反应压力等对PS加氢反应的影响。结果表明，具有较高分散度的Pd/C催化剂表现出优异的催化活性和稳定性。在催化剂质量为0.1 g和较低的反应温度（160℃）下，Pd/C催化PS加氢的转化率>99%,且产物PCHE具有较高的玻璃化转变温度、较低的密度和吸水性及较高的抗拉强度。     

SAPO-11分子筛的合成及反应温度对其催化性能的影响

采用水热合成法合成SAPO-11分子筛,通过XRD和SEM对其进行表征得到样品的晶相结构和微观形貌。采用NH3-TPD对样品的酸性进行了测定。用BET方法对催化剂的比表面积和孔容进行了测试。以醚后混合碳四为原料在固定床微型反应器上考察了反应温度对SAPO-11分子筛的催化性能影响。不同反应温度SAPO-11分子筛的正丁烯异构化的反应性能评价结果表明,通过延长反应时间,在反应一定时间后活性趋于稳定而后逐渐降低,适当升温可以提高异丁烯的选择性,当反应温度提高至380℃后,正丁烯转化率和异丁烯选择性都有所降低,说明催化剂已经失活,不能再通过提高反应温度来提高催化剂的活性,此时需对催化剂进行再生。     

MCM-22/REHY催化剂上的FCC汽油改质

采用USY、REY和REHY分子筛为催化剂，在固定流化床上进行了催化裂化(FCC)汽油改性试验。结果表明，REHY催化剂表现出较好的芳构化和异构化性能。在反应温度400 ℃、液态汽油空速2 h^－1和反应时间15 min条件下，质量分数为5%的MCM-22对REHY催化剂起到很好的助催作用，液体收率达94.4%，而添加相同量的ZSM-5时，液体收率仅为90.46%；两者的异构化产物选择性和芳烃收率差别不大。考察了反应条件对5%MCM-22/REHY上反应的影响。     

Ni_xP_y/SAPO-11催化脂肪酸甲酯加氢处理制备烃类燃料

制备了一系列不同镍磷摩尔比的Ni_xP_y/SAPO-11和Ni/SAPO-11用于测试脂肪酸甲酯加氢处理(包括加氢脱氧和异构化反应)的反应性能,并对操作条件和催化剂稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,3%Ni_xP_y(3/2)/SAPO-11催化剂展现出了最佳的催化性能,脂肪酸甲酯转化率达到98.4%,烷烃收率达到88.6%;同时,比3%Ni/SAPO-11催化剂具有更高的异构化率。在温度为360℃、压力为1.5 MPa、重时空速为2.5 h~(-1)、氢气流量为60 mL/min的条件下,脂肪酸甲酯转化率和烷烃收率分别达到97.4%和96.1%,反应34 h后异构化率由59.5%降至24.7%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。