论(钨矿)地压分析与防治

本文主要是介绍钨矿地压研究方法。把地压现象进行分类统计,明确主次;在地压防治方面,强调局部地压的防治,并对干式充填和崩落两种处理空区的方法作了较为详细地论述;而对大面积地压的防治,主要是地压监测和预报。     

＂落地＂的社会责任

备受业内关注的《证机构履行社会责任指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》）在2012年6月21日“落地”实施。继姑旨导意见》发布以后,国家认监委又于2012年7月18日在京召开纣旨导意见》宣贯座谈会,国家认监委副主任程方,国家认监委认可监管部主任生飞,中国认证认可协会秘书长赵宗勃,以及来自124家认证机构的代表参加了座谈会。     

门头沟矿破坏性冲击地压统计分析

对门头沟矿1947－1997年来发生的破坏性冲击地压情况进行统计分析，总结了门头沟矿几十年来所采取的防止及预测措施，提出了我国有冲击危险的矿井应注意的几个问题。     

TESCO的＂零碳消费＂探析

全球第三大零售商英国TESCO公司认为,这场“零碳消费”革命成败的关键在于消费者,TESCO正力图让低碳产品和低碳生活方式成为最吸引人不是最不受欢迎的选择。使绿色变得“易用、时尚、廉价、值得拥有”是TESCO想向世界传达的理念,大多数商品都要经历原材料生产、半成品加工制造、成品包装,到物流配送、     

地压作用下暗河道内堵体的有限元分析

在文[1]的基础上,对堵体受地压作用的情形作了进一步研究,给出了堵体在地压作用下的三维应力分布情况,为了解堵体的强度和设计部门设计提供了更充分的依据。     

＂河长制＂考核让学生在实践中成长

“丁宅乡河道变化最大的就属这条扬沙河了．原来河道里生活垃圾、枯草烂叶飘浮长达10多米,现在河里垃圾少了,水清了．不信你闻闻,纯绿色生态泥土味．”浙江水利水电学院水利与环境工程学院（简称水环学院）学生魏宇雷面对着眼前扬沙河这汪清水高兴地和笔者打趣．     

Study on the Test Method of Static Earth Pressure Coefficient of Deep Soils

The static earth pressure coefficient of soils is, approximately, considered to be a constant in the view of classical soil mechanics. This is supported by many research results. The high pressure experimental research and analysis of remolding deep soil described herein indicate that the static earth pressure of thick overburden has a notable non linear characteristic. It also appears larger than that of superficial soils. It is necessary for deep coal mine design and construction to consider this particularity of soil pressure so as to avoid engineering accidents and heavy loss of life and property.     

Coefficients of earth pressure at rest in thick and deep soils

The effect of test methods and stress paths on the experimental value of the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, K0, was investigated under high pressures. The results indicate that the rigid pressure chamber and flexible lateral confining pressure medium method gives a stress ratio at the initial stage that is not the real K0. Moreover, K0 increases during the loading process becoming greater at high pressures. In the unloading process, however, K0 increases only at the initial stage but decreases thereafter. In addition, the incremental magnitude definition, K0=dσ3/dσ1, gives higher values than the total magnitude definition, K0=σ3/σ1, under loading. This is also true during initial stages of unloading. The experiment results also indicate that earth pressure at rest in deep and thick soils can be estimated by a power function of axial and confining pressures. R is necessary to choose the appropriate Ko to avoid some accidents.     

深厚冲积层冻结压力研究进展及展望

随冻结法凿井深度的增加,我国对深厚冲积层冻结井冻结压力分布的研究需求已经十分迫切.在对国内外冻结压力研究的发展进行了回顾的基础上,分析了目前深厚冲积层冻结压力研究面临的任务和要解决的问题,对进一步提高国内冻结压力研究水平阐述了看法.     

粗粒料静止侧压力系数及其变形特性试验

土体的静止侧压力系数K0是其重要的力学参数之一,合理地确定土体的K0系数对土工结构应力变形的准确计算有重要的理论意义与实用价值。然而,土体的K0系数的准确测量并不容易,对粗颗粒土则更加困难。目前为止,能研究粗颗粒土K0的试验仪器极少,对K0系数的研究成果相应地也很少,而对粗颗粒土在不同初始孔隙比下K0系数的变化规律的研究几乎空白。为研究粗颗粒土的静止侧压力系数在不同初始孔隙比下的变化规律,研制了一种新型K0试验仪。该仪器既能用于测定粗颗粒土的K0系数,也可用于一般黏土或砂土K0的测定,而且可用于高应力条件。对某级配粗粒料进行了不同初始孔隙比状态下的K0压缩试验。试验粗颗粒土的母岩为似斑花岗岩,其颗粒粒径范围<20mm。试样高度8cm、直径10cm,初始孔隙比为0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6,试验最大竖向压力为3.7MPa。试验结果表明：对所试验的粗粒料在K0状态下加载时,侧向应力与竖向应力之间呈较好的线性关系,K0为常数。初始孔隙比为0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6时K0范围大致0.3~0.45,孔隙比对K0系数的影响显著;粗粒料的静止侧压力系数随着初始孔隙比的增加而增加,且两者之间近似呈直线关系;不同初始孔隙比条件下,试样的体积应变与平均正应力（或竖向应力）之间可用幂函数拟合,提出了能够反映不同初始孔隙比的粗粒料K0条件下应力应变关系的经验公式。     

煤矿立井次生地压分布规律研究之一——底含层大幅疏水沉降情况下

针对第四纪冲积层底部含水层疏水引发立井次生地压发生与变动的情况,展开次生地压分布规律的研究。通过将底部含水层之上的表土划分成若干薄板单元进行受力与变形的解析分析,揭示立井次生地压与原始地压相比已经发生了巨大的变化,随着距地表距离的增大,立井次生地压显现出趋于稳定值的特征。因为次生地压的分布规律直接关系着作用于外井壁之上的竖向附加力分布规律,因此,研究结果对煤矿立井井壁破裂规律的研究具有重要意义,对深厚表土层中立井井壁结构的优化设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Coefficient of earth pressure at rest for normal,consolidated soils

In this study consecutive consolidated isotropically drained triaxial tests for the coefficient of earth pressure at rest(K0)were carried out to investigate its rules of evolution as well as its strength characteristics for normal,consolidated saturated silt under high pressure.The tests results indicate that: 1)for normal,consolidated saturated silt,K0 values increase as the consolidation stress increases at high pressure levels,while the nonlinear characteristics of K0 are inconspicuous compared to cohesive soils; 2)the Jaky and Roscoe equations,used to calculate K0,are only suitable for certain soils,but cannot represent these values for normal,consolidated saturated silt due to the variation in bilinear strength at high pressure; and 3)there are close relations between the nonlinear characteristics of K0 and the void ratio,measured in the tests.Both share the same functional form while under pressure.Based on our experimental results,we developed an empirical linear model to interpret the rules of nonlinear variation for the coefficient of earth pressure at rest.     

稳态渗流下非饱和土涵洞竖向土压力的迭代解与简化

为描述稳态渗流下不同类别非饱和土涵洞的竖向土压力变化,应用圆弧小主应力轨迹法和Mohr应力圆获得考虑土拱效应的滑移面土压力系数,继而基于非饱和土的有效应力强度公式与吸应力理论,由水平薄层单元的竖向力平衡分别建立稳态渗流下上埋式/沟埋式非饱和土涵洞竖向土压力的迭代解,给出应用步骤并开展对比验证与方法拓展,最后结合吸应力沿深度分布规律提出涵洞竖向土压力的简化实用公式。研究结果表明:涵洞竖向土压力迭代解能合理反映土体类别、水分蒸发、降雨入渗和土拱效应的综合影响,并得到文献现场实测和理论公式数据的正确性验证以及对非饱和土涵洞的适用性;涵洞竖向土压力实用公式可显式表达且精度良好,方便估算不同稳态渗流下涵洞主要荷载;砂土涵洞可忽略非饱和特性影响而按饱和土计算竖向土压力,粉土和黏土涵洞可简化吸应力沿深度为线性分布;上埋式涵洞土拱负效应使得竖向土压力增大,而沟埋式涵洞土拱正效应使得竖向土压力减小。     

深厚表土中井壁结构破裂的力学机理

建立了深厚表土中钢筋混凝土井壁结构破裂的弹塑性理论,利用大型通用结构分析软件ＡＮＳＹＳ进行了井壁结构的弹塑性数值模拟计算,得到在水平地压、井壁重力以及随时间不断增大的竖直附加力的共同作用下井壁结构内部应力、应变的动态变化过程,探讨了深厚表土中井壁结构破裂的力学机理以及裂缝出现的位置和扩展过程,为井壁破裂的治理和预防提供了理论依据．     

Prediction and safety analysis of additional vertical stress within a shaft wall in an extra-thick alluvium

An alluvium with a sandy aquifer at the bottom, but lacking an effective impermeable layer between the sandy aquifer and bedrock is referred to as a special alluvial stratum. Impacted by the drainage of the aquifer due to mining activities, a shaft wall in this special alluvial stratum will be subject to a downward load by an additional vertical force which must be taken into consid-eration in the design of the shaft wall. The complexity of interaction between shaft wall and the surrounding walls makes it ex-tremely difficult to determine this additional vertical force. For a particular shaft wall in an extra-thick alluvium and assuming that the friction coefficient between shaft wall and stratum does not change with depth, an analysis of a numerical simulation of the stress within the shaft wall has been carried out. Growth and size of the additional vertical stress have been obtained, based on spe-cific values of the friction coefficient, the modulus of elasticity of the drainage layer and the thickness of the drainage layer. Subse-quently, the safety of shaft walls with different structural types was studied and a more suitable structural design, providing an im-portant basis for the design of shaft walls, is promoted.     

深厚表土中钻井法凿井的井壁外载和结构

分析了钻井法凿井的井壁外载,特别是近年来研究厚表土层中井壁破裂机理时发现的竖直附加力,在已知外载条件下,研究了两种可行的井壁结构,即以增加井壁整体强度的“抗”型和安装竖向可缩装置的“让”型井壁结构的力学特性及适用条件,研究了安装竖向可缩装置井壁的井筒装备应采取的措施,认为当表土深度超过200m时,以安装竖向可缩装置的“让”型井壁结构为好。