高体积含量颗粒增强复合材料的一个细观力学模型Ⅱ: 弹塑性与损伤分析

在高体积含量颗粒增强复合材料细观弹性分析的基础上, 引入了细观塑性和细观损伤模型: 基体用服从Von Mises 屈服准则的理想弹塑性材料模拟, 用沿圆柱形基体轴线方向的平均应力(即对称面上的应力) 来判断基体的屈服, 并将基体的塑性部分简化为圆柱状轴对称区域。建立了基体和颗粒/ 基体界面统一的损伤准则, 该准则同时考虑了最大应变和三轴应力的影响, 通过对细观塑性和细观损伤在空间取向上的平均, 建立了材料宏观模量的折减法则。用该细观力学模型, 数值模拟了一种实际金属基复合材料的强度实验, 理论模型与实验结果吻合。      

一种新的聚合物基复合材料应力松弛经验模型

视黏弹性元件弹簧和粘壶的特性参数为时间的函数,建立双变参Maxwell模型,求解其本构方程及松弛函数,探讨了其松弛函数与经验KWW函数的关系,提出了一种新的应力松弛经验模型。运用最小二乘原理,建立该模型参数的确定方法。开展了玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)复合材料的长期应力松弛实验,并通过实验数据的分析验证了该模型的正确性。研究表明,新应力松弛经验模型拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合较好,相关系数达到96%以上,说明了该模型适合描述GFRP复合材料的黏弹性松弛特性。     

VPF用粘性介质粘弹塑性本构模型及参数确定

为确定粘性介质压力成形所采用的粘性传力介质的材料模型及其参数,对粘性介质剪切蠕变-回复实验结果进行分析,提出采用粘弹塑性材料模型描述粘性介质变形行为.将粘性介质的总变形分解为弹性分量、粘弹性分量和粘塑性分量,对实验结果进行拟合分析,分别确定了粘性介质变形的各个应变分量与应力之间的关系,最终建立了所选用的粘性介质粘弹塑性模型,为数值模拟粘性介质变形行为提供了依据.     

含内衬纤维缠绕筒强度分析及水压实验

给出了含内衬纤维缠绕筒承受内压时的强度分析模型,假设内衬为理想弹塑性材料,将模型分为弹性和塑性两个阶段,分别得到了缠绕筒的工作压强与爆破压强。应用该模型计算了含钢内衬纯碳纤维缠绕筒和含钢内衬纯玻璃纤维缠绕筒的工作压强和爆破压强,并预测了缠绕筒的破坏模式。水压实验结果表明,该强度分析模型与实验结果吻合较好。     

秸塑复合材料的非线性黏弹塑性分析

在拉伸试验中,秸塑复合材料在加载和卸载时滞后回线表现出明显的非线性特征.在不同水平荷载下的蠕变试验中,响应为非线性黏弹塑性,其黏塑性应变可从卸载后的恢复曲线中可得到.在蠕变试验中,黏塑性响应描述为时间和应力水平的幂次函数.黏弹塑性响应采用Schapery非线性黏弹塑性模型,该模型假设黏弹性柔量是时间的幂次函数.对实验数...     

热塑性淀粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

目的 总结近年来有关植物纤维增强聚乳酸发泡材料研究的相关文献,为聚乳酸发泡材料的制备及性能研究提供参考。方法 按照发泡方法进行分类,介绍采用不同发泡方法制备植物纤维/聚乳酸复合发泡材料的性能,重点综述采用超临界CO2发泡法时,添加植物纤维对发泡材料性能的影响。 结果 植物纤维增强聚乳酸发泡材料的研究处于实验室研究阶段;添加植物纤维的聚乳酸发泡材料的泡孔尺寸更均匀、更小,泡孔密度增大,力学性能也有所提高。结论 添加植物纤维可以增强聚乳酸发泡材料的力学等性能;植物纤维和聚乳酸复合发泡材料的相关研究对聚乳酸发泡材料的大规模生产具有重要指导意义。     

Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson粘塑性本构模型的参数识别方法与验证

Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson(BCJ)粘塑性本构模型对材料力学响应的再现和预测能力强烈依赖于其模型参数的确定,而模型参数的确定往往是通过反分析方法来进行。由于BCJ粘塑性模型包含了应变、应变率和温度耦合效应以及加载路径和温度历史,其常数多达18个,所以寻找最佳的模型参数识别值十分繁琐。针对BCJ本构模型参数复杂、识别困难的问题,本文基于参数的物理意义,在准静态、蠕变及动态加载试验基础上,通过模型参数解耦分离、粒子群智能优化的方法分6步对18个材料常数进行识别,并用识别结果对1060纯铝动态加载试验力学响应进行模拟,模拟结果与试验结果符合良好。通过定量化误差分析,证明了BCJ粘塑性模型对实验数据的预测具有较高精度,该模型参数识别方法科学可行。     

单向复合材料弹塑性变形行为的研究

本文利用微观力学方法研究了单向连续纤维增强的金属基复合材料的弹塑性变形行为。纤维是线弹性材料,基体是弹性一粘塑性各向同性材料。在复合材料的纵向拉伸、横向拉伸和纵向剪切变形状态下,预测了复合材料的弹性模量和初始屈服应力值,并考虑了应变率对弹塑性变形行为的影响。以硼/铝复合材料为例,进行了数值分析,预测结果与实验值符合较好。      

超弹塑性泡沫连续冲击动力学行为分析的新方法

提出了一个用于表征泡沫非线性卸载与残余变形力学行为的简单方法。结合超弹本构模型与弹塑性本构模型,把塑料泡沫看成由相同横截面积但不同厚度的超弹层与弹塑性层两层叠置而成。两层结构有相同的加载力学行为,表现为线弹性、屈服平台与压实3个阶段,但两层呈现不同的卸载性能。超弹层按照MULLINS效应规律进行卸载,弹塑性层按照线弹性力学行为进行卸载。然后基于EPS(expanded polystyrene foam)的单轴压缩试验结果,获得了超弹层与弹塑性层本构模型中9个参数的结果,这些参数能够同时表征非线性卸载与残余变形力学行为。最后利用两层的本构模型预测了EPS连续多次(3次)冲击动力学响应,试验结果与理论计算结果良好的吻合性证实了所提出的方法的有效性。     

基于神经元S型传递函数的磁流变阻尼器力学模型研究

针对已有的一些磁流变阻尼器力学模型虽然能在一定程度上反映其实际动态特性,但对于控制应用却不甚方便、精确.本文通过引入神经网络理论中的神经元S型传递函数,并结合非线性Bingham塑性模型、非线性滞环双粘性模型和非线性粘弹塑性模型,提出了一种S型磁流变阻尼器力学新模型,并利用最小二乘法对该模型的参数进行识别.试验与仿真结果表明:该模型的动态滞环特性与实际测试值能很好地吻合,该模型在实际系统中将具有良好的可控性.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...