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基于关键功能组的河道内生态需水计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
河道内生态需水是目前生态学、水文学和水资源学研究的热点领域,现有计算方法中从生态系统功能完整性的角度出发计算生态需水的较少。首先利用Ecopath模型对小清河流域2014年5月、8月、11月生态系统内群落间营养关系进行了模拟,分析得到了小清河流域生态系统关键功能组;然后,利用栖息地适应性指数(HSI)确定了各关键鱼类生存和繁殖的适宜流速及水位;最后,耦合多物种的适宜流速及水位,利用改进后的AEHRA法计算生态需水量。结果显示,小清河流域鱼类非产卵期(1月-3月、8月-12月)上、中、下游生态需水量分别为4.28m3/s、0.74m3/s、3.47m3/s;产卵期上、中、下游生态需水量分别为23.52m3/s、5.96m3/s(8.65m3/s)、37.38m3/s。与Tennant法比较,本方法计算结果可以将生态系统健康状况维持在"一般"水平以上,即可以满足流域内大多数水生物需水量,同时,该方法计算结果显示出鱼类产卵期与非产卵期的生态需水量差异,为流域内跨季节调水提供依据。 相似文献
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滦河流域是我国重要生态保障地区,亟需开展水生态承载力评估,识别承载力限制因素,以指导流域生态文明建设。针对滦河流域水资源矛盾突出、水生态系统服务功能退化等问题,采用WaREES框架从"水资源-水环境-水生态-水安全"4个维度构建承载力评估和指标贡献量化方法,对滦河流域进行水生态承载力评估研究。结果表明:滦河流域水生态承载力指数(HECCI)介于43. 8~53. 8之间,总体呈临界超载状态;水环境呈安全承载状态(均分为61. 3),水安全和水生态均为临界超载状态,而水资源呈超载状态(均分为22. 9);水资源禀赋弱和开发强度大是限制流域承载力的关键短板,水资源禀赋和水资源利用指数对流域HECCI的贡献率分别为6. 4%和5. 5%;水生生境质量、生物完整性和水文调节功能是水生态和水安全临界承载的主要控制因素。提出的水生态承载力评估技术方法具有科学性和实用性,对流域/区域水生态环境管理具有参考价值。 相似文献
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黄河干流水生态系统关键物种的识别 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
关键物种的保护是维持黄河健康的重要措施之一。以黄河干流不同年代生物调查资料为依据,首先根据黄河干流各个河段水生生态系统的食物结构,计算水生生态系统中各类种群的关键性指数,比较各类种群的关键性指数的大小,识别出关键种群;然后计算种群中物种保护的次序,优先保护的物种就是关键物种。研究结果表明,纫鱼、北方铜鱼、黄河鲤鱼及花斑裸鲤是黄河干流水生态系统中关键物种。 相似文献
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根据2008年在黄河干流刘家峡以下河段水生态调查资料,分析了黄河干流水生态系统理化性状和生物群落结构的沿程变化;参照20世纪50和80年代水生态调查资料,对比分析了黄河干流水生态系统几十年来的变化情况,并分析了变化的原因;建立黄河水生态系统健康评价指标,对黄河干流各河段的水生态系统健康状况进行了评价,揭示了黄河水生态系的真实状况。研究结果表明:(1)由于自然和人类活动影响的差异,黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程分布差异比较大;(2)2008年黄河干流水生态状况与20世纪50、80年代相比,除底栖动物外,其它生物种类和数量均下降明显。(3)黄河水生态系统健康状况不容乐观,干流大部分河段生态系统的结构和功能发生了较大的变化,部分生态功能丧失。 相似文献
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水生植物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,是生物膜的天然载体,水生植被的恢复有利于提高水体生物膜面积。与非生物介质相比,水生植物与微生物间存在附着互作机制,一方面水生植物能为微生物提供附着场所和营养物质,其产生的化感物质对附着微生物的种类和数量有影响;另一方面,附着微生物也会对水生植物生长产生促进或遏制作用。另外,指出水流和水质对水生植物及生物膜的形成、结构以及群落组成产生重要影响;水生植物和生物膜作为一个复杂互作体系,是水体生态系统的基本单位,相关植物表面-表面生物膜体系特征及其对水体中碳、氮等要素的转化及污染物的去除机制相关研究,将是今后水生态研究过程中的重点方向之一。 相似文献
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《Journal of Great Lakes research》2020,46(6):1625-1638
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are prevalent in aquatic landscapes and may be a factor in population declines of aquatic and terrestrial fauna. Yet, there are limited data to assess the impacts of CECs to species. Understanding CEC impacts is particularly important for imperiled freshwater mussels which provide valuable ecosystem services. CEC exposure of freshwater mussels was characterized by evaluating sites with and without the federally endangered mussel (Villosa fabalis) in three subwatersheds of the Maumee River, Ohio, USA, a tributary of the Great Lakes Basin. Analyses of water, sediment, and tissue concentrations of two common mussels (Eurynia dilatata and Lampsilis cardium) indicated different CEC exposures across all 6 sites. Distinct CEC signatures were found across the three media types suggesting as mussels interact with water and sediment they may be experiencing different exposure concentrations and mixtures of CECs at different life stages. Of the 83 CECs which were detected, agricultural CECs dominated sediments, pharmaceuticals were common in tissues and water, and 16 of the 83 CECs were found co-occurring in mussel tissue, water, and sediment. There were no species differences in the CEC signatures indicating all mussels, including species of concern, may be experiencing similar exposure. Comparisons to known CEC standards indicate some exceedances in the Maumee watershed including locations of federally listed mussel species. This study provides evidence of the complexity of CEC mixes in a Great Lakes watershed and the need to understand how CECs impact declining aquatic fauna. 相似文献
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黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程变化及其健康评价 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
根据2008年黄河干流刘家峡以下河段水生态调查资料,分析了黄河干流水生态系统理化性状和生物群落结构的沿程变化。参照20世纪50和80年代水生态调查资料,对比了黄河干流水生态系统几十年来的变化情况,并分析了变化的原因。通过建立黄河水生态系统健康评价指标,对黄河干流各河段的水生态系统健康状况进行了评价,揭示了黄河水生态系统的现实状况。研究结果表明:由于自然和人类活动影响的差异,黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程分布差异比较大;2008年黄河干流水生态状况与20世纪50、80年代相比,除底栖动物外,其它生物种类和数量均下降明显;黄河水生态系统健康状况不容乐观,干流大部分河段生态系统的结构和功能发生了较大的变化,部分生态功能丧失。 相似文献
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Sarah M. Yarnell Eric D. Stein J. Angus Webb Theodore Grantham Rob A. Lusardi Julie Zimmerman Ryan A. Peek Belize A. Lane Jeanette Howard Samuel Sandoval‐Solis 《河流研究与利用》2020,36(2):318-324
The science and practice of environmental flows have advanced significantly over the last several decades. Most environmental flow approaches require quantifying the relationships between hydrologic change and biologic response, but this can be challenging to determine and implement due to high data requirements, limited transferability, and the abundance of hydrologic metrics available for evaluation. We suggest that a functional flows approach, focusing on elements of the natural flow regime known to sustain important ecosystem processes, offers a pathway for linking understanding of ecosystem processes with discrete, quantifiable measures of the flow regime for a broad range of native taxa and assemblages. Functional flow components can be identified as distinct aspects of the annual hydrograph that support key biophysical processes, such as wet season flood flows or spring recession flows, and then quantified by flow metrics, such as 5% exceedance flow or daily percent decrease in flow, respectively. By selecting a discrete set of flow metrics that measure key functional flow components, the spatial and temporal complexity of flow regimes can be managed in a holistic manner supportive of multiple ecological processes and native aquatic species requirements. We provide an overview of the functional flows approach to selecting a defined set of flow metrics and illustrate its application in two seasonally variable stream systems. We further discuss how a functional flows approach can be utilized as a conceptual model both within and outside of existing environmental flow frameworks to guide consideration of ecological processes when designing prescribed flow regimes. 相似文献
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大型溞和日本青鳉在水质在线生物安全预警应用中的比较 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
讨论了利用大型溞和日本青鳉作为受试生物,通过在线监测两种受试生物行为变化反映水质变化状况的优缺点.结果表明:首先,大型溞对水体污染比日本青鳉更敏感,针对某些污染物的监测水平甚至高于国家地表水标准的限值,而日本青鳉反应水平处于10倍以上地表水标准;其次,在连续监测过程中,大型溞行为变化未表现明显的昼夜规律性,而日本青鳉行为变化具有更明显的生物钟现象;第三,在连续在线监测过程中,大型溞持续监测只能维持7天左右,其续航能力明显弱于日本青鳉的30天以上监测周期. 相似文献
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广东省珠江三角洲地区中小河流水生态现状及修复对策初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
珠三角中小河流水环境污染问题日益突出,水生态环境受到极大影响。结合珠三角地区河道水生态环境现状,对水生态修复对策进行了初探,包括加强源头控制、完善城镇污水收集及处理、面源污染治理、开展重点区域水生态系统修复、建设滨水区及加强系统管理等措施。最后简要介绍了茅洲河界河综合治理工程案例,该工程充分考虑了两岸排涝、堤防、道路交通、截污治污和岸线美化等内容,工程设计遵循自然、人水和谐的理念,可为中小河流水生态修复提供参考。 相似文献
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Invasiveness screening of non‐native fishes for the middle reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibetan Plateau,China
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The aim of this study was to identify potentially invasive non‐native freshwater fishes in the middle reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibetan Plateau (China), using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS‐ISK), as decision‐support tool. Based on independent evaluations of 24 non‐native freshwater fishes, receiver operating curve analysis identified a threshold score of ≥29 for distinguishing species likely to pose a high risk of becoming invasive from species likely to pose low‐to‐medium risk (<29) in the risk assessment area. Nine species were categorized as “high risk”: goldfish Carassius auratus, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, Oriental weatherfish (a.k.a. dojo gudgeon) Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Siberian taimen Hucho taimen, common carp Cyprinus carpio, peled Coregonus peled, western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis, and Chinese rice fish Oryzias sinensis. The three lowest scoring species were Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis, Wuchang bream Megalobrama amblycephala, and Chinese ice fish Neosalanx taihuensis, which are unlikely to be invasive because they are unable to complete their life cycle in the risk assessment area. Climate change assessments scores increased or remained the same for warm‐water species and decreased for coldwater species. This study was the first application of AS‐ISK in western China, and the results suggest that AS‐ISK is a useful and valid tool for identifying potentially invasive risk aquatic species in China. 相似文献