安全继电器的安全验证技术

应用于功能安全领域的安全继电器,需要依据IEC61508:2010和ISO13849标准进行一系列的安全验证,以确保安全继电器的设计和安全需求规范的一致性。     

LNG船液货系统的安全仪表系统设计方法研究

LNG船是在-163℃下运输液化天然气的专用船舶,是高技术、高难度、高附加值的产品。由于LNG船具有超低温沸点、易燃易爆等高危特点,因此对LNG船有着很高的安全要求。这其中LNG船液货系统又是LNG船的关键组成部分,它的安全系统设计优劣对整个LNG船的安全尤为重要。IEC61508标准是专用于指导安全系统设计的权威标准,该文将它应用到LNG船液货系统的安全设计中并取得了一定的积极效果。该文首先介绍了IEC61508标准的主要内容并引入了其中的两个重要概念：安全完整性水平和安全生命周期,然后基于IEC61508标准,采用HAZOP方法和事件树分析方法对LNG船液货安全仪表系统进行分析设计,最后通过事件树分析验证了安全仪表系统设计的有效性。     

PAC8000安全控制系统SafetyNet在西气东输火气系统中的应用

PAC8000控制系统可提供常规的PLC或DCS控制系统,同时可提供满足IEC61508和IEC61551标准的、具有SIL2认证的安全控制器和安全I/O模块,具有SIL2认证的安全控制系统又称之为SafetyNet系统。SafetyNet安全系统采用与PAC8000常规控制系统相同的系统架构,并使用同一个编程平台,这种方式使得SafeyNet系统的安装、组态与编程更为容易与方便,对于要求达到SIL2安全等级要求的火气控制系统SafetyNet系统性价比更高,系统实施与维护更为方便快捷。     

霍尼韦尔 安全管理器现场设备单元模块

霍尼韦尔近日推出其最新的安全管理器现场设备单元模块(Safety Manager Field Device Unit),有助于流程制造商在其工厂内更为便捷地执行小型、独立的安全应用程序。该模块将霍尼韦尔广泛应用的安全管理器(Safety Manager)平台和通用远程输入\输出(I/O)模块(Remote Universal Safe I/O)进行整合,更加节省空间,且符合功能安全认证标准(IEC61508,IEC61511),达     

基于改进风险图的安全完整性等级确定方法

国际功能安全标准IEC61508/61511中介绍了几种安全完整性等级(Safety Integrity Level,SIL)确定方法,但是将这些方法运用实践中时会遇到一些困难。为克服上述方法的不足,本文介绍了1种半定量的风险分析方法—改进的风险图法,以确定识别到的安全仪表功能(Safety Insumented Function,SIF)的安全完整性等级。     

IEC 61508在电厂安全相关系统设计中的应用浅析

安全相关系统是为保证受控设备安全状态而设计的.为了保证受控设备的安全性,需要在设计过程中对受控设备的风险进行有效的预测以及评估并且采取必要的安全相关系统来降低风险.IEC 61508是国际电工协会制定的电子、电气,可编程控制系统功能性安全的标准.本文讨论了安全相关系统中功能安全的要求,并对安全相关系统的评价的方法进行了分析.     

安全仪表系统的功能安全设计

针对安全仪表系统（SIS）的产品开发,分析了应用于石化领域的安全仪表系统的基本特性、冗余结构和常见产品类型。在介绍IEC 61508标准的基础上,提出了安全仪表系统产品开发过程中整体安全生命周期、产品硬件及安全相关软件的功能安全设计方法;最后以SIL2级压力变送器为例,着重阐述了SIS系统结构设计和故障诊断覆盖要求。     

安全仪表系统软件开发完整生命周期的研究

工业过程的安全生产一直都是非常严峻的课题,安全仪表系统(Safety Instrumented System:SIS)是保障工业过程安全生产的重要措施之一,在危险发生时正确执行其安全功能,对工业安全生产具有重大意义。而SIS软件是SIS能够执行安全功能的关键,故提出了基于IEC61508标准的SIS软件开发完整生命周期的研究,主要介绍了系统安全完整性等级(Safe Integrity Level:SIL)确定、软件结构设计、系统安全确定和功能认证阶段开发流程。SIS系统软件开发完整生命周期的研究对基于IEC61508标准的功能安全型仪表开发具有一定的参考价值。     

基于ARM的模拟量输入模块安全设计

根据IEC61508对可编程逻辑器件功能安全的要求,提出基于ARM的模拟量输入模块的安全设计。介绍该设计使用的诊断技术及其实现方法。该设计使用2块ARM分别用于工作和检测,具有较高的诊断覆盖率,符合IEC61508关于安全完整性的要求,适用于SIL3/SIL4的安全系统。     

在安全关键设计中使用合格的操作系统

众所周知，在这个领域的国际先进标准是IEC61508：E／E／PE安全相关系统的功能安全。该标准是一个通用标准，它并不特定针对任何某个产业，但它也已成为世界各国认可和普遍采用的铁路安全评估标准之一。近年来，它还派生出许多特定产业的衍生标准，且能够适用于任何没有其自身标准的产业，     

A Highly Dependable Computing Architecture for Safety-Critical Control Applications

More and more technical systems are supervised, controlled and regulated by programmable electronic systems. The dependability of the entire system depends heavily on the safety of the embedded software. But the technological trend to entrust software with tasks of growing complexity and safety relevance conflicts with the lacking acceptance of rigorous proofs of software safety. Based on an international standard for higher level programming languages for programmable logic controllers (PLC, IEC 1131-3), a mathematically based method for validating the behavioral correctness and the functional safety of graphical designs of safety-critical control applications is introduced. The design elements taken from a domain specific module library are proven correct and safe only once. The functional correctness and satisfaction of safety requirements of new application graphical programs can then be shown effectively by reference to the proven properties of the library components used. This approach is part of an comprehensive computing architecture for safety-critical control programs which is presented in a survey.     

工业级软件执行核电厂A类功能的适用性分析

由于对核电厂执行A类安全功能的软件要求极高,必须遵守核质保体系的开发要求,如HAF 003和IEC 60880等,市场上这类软件较少.对此,核电用户将目光转向基于工业标准IEC 61508-3开发的软件.这些软件有着良好的应用经验,但是其开发和鉴定过程并不严格依据核电领域的相关标准.因此,这类工业级软件是否有足够高的可...     

Programming languages for use in safety-related applications

Programmable electronic systems are being used in almost all application sectors to perform non-safety and increasingly to perform safety functions as well. Although software-based solutions are usually superior to hardwired ones for reasons of efficiency and flexibility, there is a certain reluctance of the certification authorities when it comes to licensing computer-based systems which are classified as safety critical. Despite many attempts to overcome problems of software safety (IEC 61508, IEC 880, VDE 0801, IDS 00-55, RTCA/DO-178), up to now neither precise guidelines supporting the software development process are available, nor are there serious efforts being made to develop programming languages dedicated to the implementation of safety critical functions. To improve this unsatisfactory situation, i.e. to meet both economic and safety requirements, it is necessary to design appropriate language concepts with consequent regard to safety aspects. Accordingly, four subsets of a real time language suitable for the implementation of safety-related systems are proposed, whose definitions fulfil the respective requirements of the four safety integrity levels.     

Emergency protection: Theory, standards, and practice of PLC system

The current practice of the SRS design is analyzed, and noncompliance with the GOST R IEC 61508-2007 standard is detected. The paper introduces a configuration of a PLC SRS meeting the requirements of the standard of functional safety of electrical/ electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems (GOST R IEC 61508-2007).     

双MCU功能安全型智能安全继电器设计

安全继电器是一种用于工业设备的安全控制模块,在工业现场起到保护人员生命财产安全的作用,在工业安全领域,有着极为广泛的应用。阐述了目前国内安全继电器市场应用的现状:安全标准,国家政策法规滞后,功能安全认证门槛较高,核心部件强制导向继电器依赖于进口。通过对功能安全基础标准IEC 61508和机械安全标准ISO 13849进行深入研究,针对国产安全继电器品牌性价比不高、功能安全认证困难的痛点,提出了一种性价比极高的智能型安全继电器的技术方案。借助普通单片机的I/O控制、信号采集,以及软件诊断,实现了使用普通继电器就能满足安全继电器的安全要求和安全等级的需求,降低了成本。对功能安全的认证流程、要求及工作内容进行了简单的梳理,为国内功能安全认证提供了借鉴。     

Compliance Flow – Managing the compliance of dynamic and complex processes

To develop a reliable system or product, the current best practice for the development process is typically embodied in standards and guidelines, such as IEC61508 for safety and ISO9001 for quality assurance. Generally, the standard proposes a framework, which deals in a systematic manner with all the activities necessary to achieve the required quality. However, every application of a given standard is different because of differences in project details. One serious limitation of current workflow systems is the lack of the ability to ensure that the specification and execution of a process are compliant with the standard.

This paper presents the treatment of managing process compliance in the Compliance Flow system. Process-based reasoning is used to identify compliance errors within a user-defined process by matching it against the standard model during both process specification and process execution. Examples drawing on a version of IEC61508 are used to illustrate the mechanism of modelling and compliance checks. A case study of the development of a light-guard is discussed.     

Analyses of optical radiation safety standards for laser illuminated products

The high energy density of optical radiation from laser illuminated products may cause eye injury, so it is necessary to study the optical radiation safety standards for these products. The relations of related international and Chinese organizations, such as IEC/TC76, IEC/TC108, IEC/TC110, Chinese technical committee SAC/TC284, and so on, are introduced. The related standards and the relations are surveyed, especially the safety of laser products (IEC 60825) series, the photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems (IEC 62741) series, and audio/video, information and communication technology equipment—part 1: safety requirements (IEC 62368‐1:2018). As application examples of standards, some specific laser illuminated products, including the laser projector, the laser headlamp and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) used in the vehicle, as well as the evaluation methods for the blue light effect of the display are discussed and analyzed. On the basis of the analyses of the optical radiation safety standards, it is necessary to select or develop appropriate standards for different types of laser illuminated products.     

符合IEC 61499标准的分布式控制系统设计新方法

IEC61499是即将颁布的如何使用功能块进行分布式控制系统设计的国际标准，本文阐述了这一标准的基本概念，重点论述了符合IEC61499标准的分布式控制系统的设计新方法，最后给出了一个使用应用程序设计方法进行系统设计的实例。     

Verification and validation of safety applications based on PLCopen safety function blocks

Functional Safety is a major concern in the design of automation systems today. Many of those systems are realized using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) programmed according to IEC 61131-3. PLCopen - as IEC 61131 user organization - semi-formally specified a set of software function blocks to be used in safety applications according to IEC 61508. In the presented work, formal models in the form of timed automata for the safety function blocks (SFBs) are constructed from the semi-formal specifications. The accordance of the formalized blocks to the specification is verified using model checking. Furthermore, their behaviour is validated against specified test cases by simulation. The resulting verified and validated library of formal models is used to build a formal model of a given safety application - built from SFBs - and to verify and validate its properties.     

软件安全核的可信性问题

软件的大量应用,使控制系统面,临严峻的安全考验,陷入了安全危机中,迫切需要新的安全保障技术。安全核就是应运而生的一种安全保障新概念,其可信性直接关系到安全核的有效性和系统的安危。面对安全核可信性问题,测试和限制安全核尺寸是当前采用的方法,它们极大地制约了安全核技术在复杂系统中的应用。本文分析了安全核可信性的本质;结合安全关键系统的基本构架,提出了从安全需求分析开始到安全核生成过程中,如何通过形式化的方法采提高安全核可信性的方法,为安全核技术在复杂系统中的应用提供了一种新思路;以交通灯控制为例全过程地实现和验证了所提出思想的正确性和可行性。