金刚石复合片与硬质合金的钎焊研究

通过聚晶金刚石复合片与YG8硬质合金的高频感应钎焊试验,研究了不同钎料钎剂搭配对高频感应钎焊接头抗剪强度、焊缝厚度的影响,并用扫描电镜和电子探针观察、分析了焊缝的微观结构。结果表明,690℃钎焊温度下含Mn的1号钎料和活性温度较高的QJ102钎剂是最佳搭配方案。探讨了聚晶金刚石复合片的特殊钎焊工艺,认为采用复焊方法可以大幅提高钎焊接头的抗剪强度。     

3-D Surface roughness profile of 316-stainless steel using vertical scanning interferometry with a superluminescent diode

Surface roughness is one of many parameters that influences on mass stability of standard weight, commonly used as a transfer standard of mass SI unit. One of the most famous non-invasive methods for determining surface roughness from a surface profile of material is a vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) with a white light source. In this research, 3-D surface profiles of 316-stainless steel, usually used as a material for standard weights, are constructed by using VSI, based on Michelson interferometer (MI). Because of its low-coherent properties, low cost, and compact light source, a superluminescent diode (SLD) is chosen as a low-coherence light source in our interferometry system. Since a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) algorithm provides accuracy results, it is also used as a numerical analyzing method for the interferogram signals, taking from our VSI. The surface roughness and measurement uncertainty, calculated from the constructed 3-D surface roughness profiles of 316-stainless steel samples, are discussed.     

一种用于水中有机物检测的化学一光学传感技术

带侧键的硅氧烷高分子薄膜，在吸收有机分子时它的厚度会发生膨胀，其膨胀幅度与接触的有机物浓度成正比；采用白光干涉测厚的方法可测量出薄膜厚度的微小变化，从而构成一种灵敏的化学一光学传感器。本文介绍了这一新技术及对甲苯，二氯乙烷，三氯乙烷的测量结果。     

Behavior of real roughness features within mixed lubricated non-conformal contacts

A combination of thin film colorimetric interferometry and phase shifting interferometry was used to study the effect of slide-to-roll ratio on the micro-elastohydrodynamic action and asperity-contact mechanism on the real asperity scale. The behavior of the roughness features of different scales in very thin film, real rough surface elastohydrodynamic contacts was observed from chromatic interferograms evaluated by thin film colorimetric interferometry. Obtained film thickness distribution was compared with undeformed ball surface topography measured by phase shifting interferometry. It was confirmed that the presence of deep grooves within lubricated contact can result in lubrication film breakdown under positive slide-to-roll ratio conditions when the rough surface is moving slower than the smooth surface. Negative slide-to-roll ratio conditions are much less critical from this point of view. Moreover, shallow pits formed naturally on rubbing surface as a result of surface finishing process were observed to significantly influence the film thickness formation. They act as lubricant micro-reservoirs and emit the lubricant into the contact under rolling/sliding conditions that enlarges film thickness. Such a behavior also suggests the possible beneficial tribological effect of surface texturing based on shallow micro-cavities under mixed lubrication of non-conformal surfaces.     

Multiplexing optical fiber low coherence and high coherence interferometric system with large range and high resolution for on-line measurement

A novel optical fiber sensing system multiplexing low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry that is endowed with large range and high resolution and is stabilized for on-line measurement is presented. An optical fiber Michelson interferometer performing measurement task in the system works in both modes of low coherence interferometry and high coherence interferometry simultaneously by employing a broadband light source and a fiber Bragg grating as an in-fiber reflective mirror. The amplitude of the measurand is determined by the low coherence interferometry while the value of the measurand is measured by the high coherence interferometry. Another optical fiber Michelson interferometer which is incorporated with the one performing measurement task stabilizes the sensing system for on-line measurement by exploiting an electronic feedback loop to reduce the influences that are resulted from environmental disturbances. The measurement range is 6 mm and the measurement uncertainty is less than 2 nm.     

误差补偿技术在相位偏移干涉测量中的应用

在研究泰曼—格林相位偏移干涉仪测量原理基础上，分析了位移驱动器移相误差对五幅移相计算结果的影响，一阶线性误差和二阶非线性误差是相位偏移干涉测量技术中产生相位误差的主要因素；提出了五幅算法移相误差补偿技术，该方法直接从相位偏移干涉图中计算移相过程中存在的一阶及二阶移相误差，对五幅算法结果进行误差修正；采用玻璃平晶为测试对象，建立了泰曼一格林干涉仪移相误差补偿原理试验系统。试验结果表明在同时存在一阶移相误差及二阶移相误差情况下，采用提出的移相误差补偿方法可以将位移测量精度提高6倍，相当于采用氦氖激光器的倍程干涉仪中位移精度达到1．0nm。     

White-light interferometer with partial correlogram scanning

A method for measurement of a surface microprofile with a nanometer resolution is described. The method is based on partial scanning of correlograms in a Linnik white-light interferometer. Experimental results on measurements of thin film thickness are presented. It is shown that a depth resolution of better than 1 nm can be obtained by correlogram scanning in the range from 1 to 2 periods.     

迈克耳逊干涉仪的快速调整和应用

本文介绍了快速调节白光干涉条纹的方法．并利用迈克耳逊干涉仪测出了玻璃片的折射率．提高了测量精度。     

用空间载频法测量玻璃平板的厚度均匀性

设计了一种基于迈克耳逊干涉光路的相位测量系统,将单臂作为检测端完成了对玻璃平板厚度均匀性的直接测量和分析。该系统由CCD采集干涉图样,利用傅里叶变换条纹分析术和相位解包裹技术提取干涉图中所包含的待测相位信息;对于傅里叶变换法中频谱旁瓣中心无法准确定位的问题,采用三角变换法去载频,从而不需要准确地得知频谱旁瓣的中心位置就可以计算出相位结果,消除了人为估算和垂轴方向上的微小载频分量给测量结果带来的误差。实验测量了多块玻璃平板的厚度均匀性。测量结果显示：使用像元大小为4.65 μm×4.65 μm的CCD相机,测量玻璃平板两表面在长度方向和宽度方向上的厚度均匀性的理论精度分别达到0.93%和0.92%,表明本系统基本满足玻璃平板厚度均匀性测量的要求,且对干涉图频谱旁瓣的定位精度和载频的方向精度要求较低。     

Hyperspectral interferometry: Sizing microscale surface features in the pine bark beetle

A new method of interferometry employing a Fabry–Perot etalon model was used to locate and size microscale features on the surface of the pine bark beetle. Oscillations in the reflected light spectrum, caused by self‐interference of light reflecting from surfaces of foreleg setae and spores on the elytrum, were recorded using white light hyperspectral microscopy. By making the assumption that pairs of reflecting surfaces produce an etalon effect, the distance between surfaces could be determined from the oscillation frequency. Low frequencies of less than 0.08 nm^?1 were observed in the spectrum below 700 nm while higher frequencies generally occupied wavelengths from 600 to 850 nm. In many cases, two frequencies appeared separately or in combination across the spectrum. The etalon model gave a mean spore size of 3.04 ± 1.27 μm and a seta diameter of 5.44 ± 2.88 μm. The tapering near the setae tip was detected as a lowering of frequency. Spatial fringes were observed together with spectral oscillations from surfaces on the exoskeleton at higher magnification. These signals were consistent with embedded multi‐layer reflecting surfaces. Possible applications for hyperspectral interferometry include medical imaging, detection of spore loads in insects and other fungal carriers, wafer surface and subsurface inspection, nanoscale materials, biological surface analysis, and spectroscopy calibration. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of oscillations directly observed by microscopy in the reflected light spectra from Coleoptera, and the first demonstration of broadband hyperspectral interferometry using microscopy that does not employ an internal interferometer. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:873–885, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Simultaneous interferometric measurement of the absolute thickness and surface shape of a transparent plate using wavelength tuning Fourier analysis and phase shifting

The absolute optical thickness and surface shape of optical devices are considered as the fundamental characteristics when designing optical equipment. The thickness and surface shape should be measured simultaneously to reduce cost. In this research, the absolute optical thickness and surface shape of a 6–mm-thick fused silica transparent plate of diameter 100 mm was measured simultaneously by a three-surface Fizeau interferometer. A measurement method combining the wavelength tuning Fourier and phase shifting technique was proposed. The absolute optical thickness that corresponds to the group refractive index was determined by wavelength tuning Fourier analysis. At the beginning and end of the wavelength tuning, the fractional phases of the interference fringes were measured by the phase shifting technique and optical thickness deviations with respect to the ordinary refractive index and surface shape were determined. These two kinds of optical thicknesses were synthesized using the Sellmeier equation for the refractive index of fused silica glass, and the least square fitting method was used to determine the final absolute optical thickness distribution. The experimental results indicate that the all the measurement uncertainties for the absolute optical thickness and surface shape were approximately 3 nm and 35 nm, respectively.     

四步数字相移全息干涉术三维变形测量

针对目前相移控制器件费用高、操作复杂等不足,提出了一种数字相移方法.并将其与全息干涉术相结合,进行了相移全息干涉术的实验研究.应用MATLAB软件,结合图像处理方法,通过对全息干涉条纹精确控制使其定向移动,实现了四步相移,获得4个干涉图.应用四步相移法原理和相位去包裹方法,最终成功求得物体变形引起的三维位相差,实现物体变形的三维测试.实验表明,该方法不仅简化了全息干涉测试的光学装置,避免传统相移器件相移精度低、容易造成相移误差的缺点,且操作简单,测试精度高,其精度容易达到1/10波长.     

Experimental study of the behaviour of real asperities within lubricated contacts

Thin film colorimetric interferometry was used in combination with phase shifting interferometry for the detailed experimental investigation of changes in real surface microgeometry within the elastohydrodynamic conjunction formed between a real, random, rough surface, a steel ball and a smooth glass disc. Three real roughness features were studied in detail — the transverse ridge, transverse groove and longitudinal groove. The ridge was found to be heavily deformed within lubricated contact and its height increased with increasing rolling speed. For the transverse groove, a local reduction in film thickness at the leading edge was observed, while the longitudinal groove maintained its undeformed shape. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Monochromatic image analysis of elastohydrodynamic lubrication film thickness by fringe intensity computation

Point contact film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is analyzed by image processing method for the images from an optical interferometer with monochromatic incident light. Interference between the reflected lights both on half mirrorCr coating of glass disk and on super finished ball makes circular fringes depending on the contact conditions such as sliding velocity, applied load, viscosity-pressure characteristics and viscosity of lubricant under ambient pressure. In this situation the film thickness is regarded as the difference of optical paths between those reflected lights, which make dark and bright fringes with monochromatic incident light. The film thickness is computed by numbering the dark and bright fringe orders and the intensity (gray scale image) in each fringe regime is mapped to the corresponding film thickness. In this work, we developed a measuring technique for EHL film thickness by dividing the image patterns into two typical types under the condition of monochromatic incident light. During the image processing, the captured image is converted into digitally formatted data over the contact area without any loss of the image information of interferogram and it is also interpreted with consistency regardless of the observer’ s experimental experience. It is expected that the developed image processing method will provide a valuable basis to develop the image processing technique for color fringes, which is generally used for the measurement of relatively thin films in higher resolution.     

数字化白光扫描干涉仪的研究

研究并设计实现了微形貌测量白光扫描干涉仪系统和光纤偏振耦合点监测白光扫描干涉仪系统.前者采用Mirau相移干涉形式,用压电陶瓷传感器PZT作移项器,主要用于微形貌测量,精度可达nm量级.后者采用光路补偿白光Michelson干涉形式,用格兰棱镜对偏振态进行调整控制,用移动参考臂来补偿由于耦合点所造成的光程差,光纤寄生偏振耦合测试仪的空间分辨率达到50mm,测量范围达到1km,探测灵敏度不小于-80dB(耦合模式与主模式的功率比).     

数字散斑干涉中的条纹处理和相移技术

数字散斑干涉技术可以用来测量物体的微小形变及位移,因其具有较高的精度和全场非接触测量的特点,它被广泛的应用于工业检测、航空航天和生物医学等领域.在该技术中干涉条纹的处理以及相位值的获取是至关重要的.本文介绍了数字散斑干涉技术中条纹处理的各种方法,包括增强、滤波、二值化和骨架线提取等,同时介绍了利用相移技术精确地计算相位...     

一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪测量透明液体折射率的方法

提出了一种基于迈克尔逊干涉仪测量透明液体折射率的方法,以拓展迈克尔逊干涉仪在教学及研究中的用途,即利用比色皿承载待测液体,将其置于迈克尔逊干涉仪光路中,通过空比色皿与承载待测液体比色皿引起干涉条纹变化的对比,巧妙地测定液体的折射率。该方法操作简单、实用、低成本,在旋转角度不大的情况下对几种透明液体的测量都有较高的精度,具有一定实用价值。     

基于白光光谱仪的绝对距离测量方法的研究

本文介绍利用一种白光光谱仪测量绝对距离和位移的方法。利用迈克耳逊干涉结构。使用光谱仪S2000。进行光谱分析。在知道光学元件的群折射率和厚度的情况下,利用均衡波长的概念就可以得出绝对距离。该方法不需要应用相位重现程序,其测量范围大大超过传统白光干涉技术的测量范围。为绝对距离的测量提供一些详尽的参考。     

Experimental Study of Lubricant Film Thickness Behavior in the Vicinity of Real Asperities Passing through Lubricated Contact

This article presents an experimental study of the influence of real surface micro-geometry on the film thickness in a circular elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact formed between a real, random, rough surface of steel ball and smooth glass disk. Phase shifting interferometry was used to measure in situ initial undeformed rough surface profiles, whereas thin film colorimetric interferometry provided accurate information about micro-EHD film thickness behavior over a wide range of rolling speeds. Two real roughness features were studied in detail—a 56-nm-high ridge and a 90-nm-deep groove, both transversely oriented to the direction of surface motion. It was shown that the ridge is heavily deformed in a loaded contact and its height increases with increasing rolling speed. The asperity tip film thickness behavior is quite similar to the contact average film thickness when the film thickness is higher than the undeformed ridge height. However, below this limit the film is thicker than what the EHD theory predicts. For the groove, a local reduction in film thickness at the leading edge was observed. When the groove is passing through the EHD conjunction, it maintains its undeformed shape. The behavior of both roughness features studied shows good agreement with previous experimental observations conducted using an artificially produced ridge and groove.     

Dynamic measurement of first-order spatial derivatives of deformations by digital shearography

This paper presents a simple spatial phase shift shearography based on the Michelson interferometer. A novel digital shearography set-up with a large angle of view, which is based on a 4f system is demonstrated. In the system, the Michelson interferometer is used as a shearing device to generate a shearing distance by tilting a small angle in one of the two mirrors. In fact spherical wave fronts become plane after going through the first lens in 4f system. Tilting the mirror in the Michelson interferometer also generates spatial carrier frequency. Sinusoid fitting method is applied to evaluate the phase. This system can generate a phase map of shearography by using only a single image. The effects of shearing angle, the choice of algorithm and comparison result are discussed in detail. The theory and the application are presented.