Gelcasting of 316L stainless steel

A novel near-net process, gelcasting, was successfully used to prepare larger size 316L stainless steel parts with complex shape. In this study, the effects of process parameters on the viscosity of the slurry and the dry green strength were investigated. The results show that gas atomization (GA) powder is more suitable for gelcasting compared with water atomization (WA) powder. The maximum solid loading is 55vol% for ball-milled slurry with GA powders. And the optimum amounts of monomers (acrylamide (AM) methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM); the mass ratio, 30:1) and initiator in the AM system are 1.8% (based on the weight of metal powder) and 0.8%-1.4% (based on the weight of monomers), respectively, at which, the maximum green strength obtained is 33.7 MPa. The mechanical properties of the sintered specimen are as follows: ultimate tensile strength, 493 MPa; yield strength, 162 MPa; and HRB, 72.     

Biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel

To evaluate the biocompatibility of MIM 316L stainless steel, the percentage of S-period cells were detected by flow cytometry after L929 incubated with extraction of MIM 316L stainless steel, using titanium implant materials of clinical application as the contrast. Both materials were implanted in animal and the histopathological evaluations were carried out. The statistical analyses show that there are no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05), which demonstrates that MIM 316L stainless steel has a good biocompatibility. Foundation item: Project (2003AA302210) supported by the National Hi-tech Research Program of China     

316L不锈钢的高压增氮与脱氧研究

采用真空/高压感应炉在0.1~1.0 MPa高纯氮气氛下熔炼316L不锈钢,分析了氮的溶解度与氮分压之间的关系。氮在316L不锈钢中的溶解服从Sievert定律。采用热力学数据预测了不同氮分压下316L不锈钢中氮的溶解度,计算结果表明,预测值与实验值相吻合。采用铝、硅钙以及二者混合进行脱氧,总氧含量可以达到20×10-4%以下,提出了制备低氧高氮316L不锈钢的实验条件。     

Physico-chemical properties and microstructure of hydroxyapatite-316L stainless steel biomaterials

Sintering shrinkage, compressive strength, bending strength, metallurgical morphology, microstructure and chemical composition diffusion of hydroxyapatite-316L stainless steel(HA-316L SS) composites were investiga-ted. The results show that the sintering shrinkage of HA-316L SS composites decreases from 27.38O/6o to 8.87% for cylinder sample or from 27.18% to 8.62% for cuboid sample with decreasing the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS,which leads to higher sintering activity of HA compared with that of 316L SS. The compressive strength of HA-316L SS composites changes just like parabolic curve (245.3→126.3→202.8 MPa) with reducing the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS. Bending strength increases from 86.3MPa to 124. 2 MPa with increasing the content of 316L SS. Furthermore, comprehensive mechanical properties of 1.0：3.0 (volume ratio of HA to 316L SS) composite are optimal with compressive strength and bending strength equal to 202. 8 MPa and 124. 2 MPa, respectively. The microstructure and metallurgical structure vary regularly with the volume ratio of HA to 316L SS. Some chemical reaction takes place at the interface of the composites during sintering.     

Effects of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical property of sintered 316L stainless steel

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氮含量和环境温度对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性的影响

研究低温条件下腐蚀溶液温度以及钢中氮含量对316L奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,在1mol／L H2SO4＋0．5mol／L NaCl的腐蚀液中,对氮含量为0．0095％～0．5575％的316L奥氏体不锈钢进行阳极极化曲线及电化学阻抗测量。结果表明,提高氮含量,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性增强;腐蚀液温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性减弱。     

Fretting corrosion of surgical 316L stainless steel in saline solutions

A new simulation system for the laboratory investigation of fretting wear is developed. It consist of a mechanism device, a electrochemical cell and a datum acqulsition and process software. Fretting of surgical 316L stainlesssteel in saline is studied. The results show that electrochemical corrosion is enhanced by fretting and anodic currentdensity under fretting is 100 times than static condition. Fretting corrosion is a mechanic -elec trochemical al Process.     

异步轧制对316L不锈钢组织与性能的影响

研究了形变量分别为50％和80％的异步轧制（速比1．28）对316L不锈钢显微组织与性能的影响．结果表明：异步轧制后显微组织中出现大量机械孪晶;样品表面粗糙度显著降低,硬度明显提高．由于粗糙度降低和孪晶界的贡献,在腐蚀介质（c（H2SO4）=0．05mol／L,c（NaCl）=0．5mol／L的水溶液）中,样品表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能．     

316L不锈钢表面仿生合成磷灰石涂层

将316L不锈钢经化学预处理和热处理后,先后在单倍和1.5倍模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡,通过在模拟体液中添加适量的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和P2O5以增强诱导羟基磷灰石(HA)的形核。用扫描电镜(SEM)和EDS能谱对涂层的表面形貌和表面组成进行了分析。结果表明:模拟体液中加入适量的Ca(NO3)2和P2O5有利于基片表面沉积均匀的HA涂层;本研究中加入1.4mmol的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O时,沉积的Ca、P原子相对百分比较多,且Ca/P比接近于HA中的比例。     

316L不锈钢表面仿生合成磷灰石涂层

将316L不锈钢经化学预处理和热处理后,先后在单倍和1.5倍模拟体液(SBF)中浸泡,通过在模拟体液中添加适量的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和P2O5以增强诱导羟基磷灰石(HA)的形核。用扫描电镜(SEM)和EDS能谱对涂层的表面形貌和表面组成进行了分析。结果表明:模拟体液中加入适量的Ca(NO3)2和P2O5有利于基片表面沉积均匀的HA涂层;本研究中加入1.4mmol的Ca(NO3)2·4H2O时,沉积的Ca、P原子相对百分比较多,且Ca/P比接近于HA中的比例。     

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel under low stress below yield strength

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel(316L SS)under various stress was studied by potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and Mott-Schottky(M-S)analysis in 3.5% NaCl solution.The results of polarization curves show that,with the increase of the stress,the pitting potentials and the passive current density markedly decrease firstly(180 MPa),and then increase greatly(200 MPa).The corresponding surface morphologies of the samples after the polarization test well correspond to the results.Mott-Schottky analysis proved the least Cl-adsorbed to the surface of passive film with more positive flat potential,indicating that a moderate stress could increase the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L SS in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

烧结温度对不锈钢（316L)致密性及强度的影响

以不锈钢粉为原料,经１００ＭＰａ冷成型于空气中以不同温度烧结,通过测定其相对密度,线收缩率和抗弯强度、研究温度对材料致密化和强度的影响,结果表明：烧结温度升谪,相对密度和抗弯强度增加,温度超过１２００℃时两者的增加趋于平缓。     

Corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel in acetic acid by EIS and Mott-Schottky

The properties of the passivation film formed on 316L stainless steel were studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS）, Mott-Schottky and Voltammetry measurements in high- temperature acetic acid. The results show that the passivation film formed on 316L stainless steel is stable in 60% acetic acid solution from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃. As temperature increased, the polarization resistance decreased but the interface capacitance increased. There was hardly any relation between temperature and the intrinsic property semiconductor. The passivation film represents the p-semiconductor property in the potential interval of -0.5-0.1 V; represents the n-semiconductor property in the potential interval of 0.1-0.9 V; and represents the p-semiconductor property in the potential interval of 0.9-1.1 V. The voltammetry measurements show that the structure of the passivation film is stable when the temperature is lower than 55 ℃ and that its stability decreased when this temperature is exceeded.     

Passivation Mechanism of 316L Stainless Steel in Oxidizing Acid Solution

The compositions and the chemical valence states of elements of 316L stainless steel passive film formed in the oxidizing acid solution were studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The electrochemical polarization curve was measured. The passivation process in the oxidizing acid solution was studied by AC impedance technology. The results indicated that the stable compounds layer was formed on the surface of the sample and the adsorption was the main step in the nitrite solution during passivation process. The catalysis passivation mechanism was put forward according to the experimental results. During passivation process, the water molecule was adsorbed on the surface of the sample at first in the oxidizing acid solution. The oxidizer in the solution played a role as catalyst. The oxide and hydroxide, which could be changed each other and finally formed stable passive film, were generated from adsorbing intermediate under the catalytic action. The mathematical models for predicting the steady polarization curve and the AC impedance spectra at certain conditions have been obtained. The passivation mechanism of 316L stainless steel in the oxidizing acid solution can be interpreted by the catalysis passivation mechanism.     

HIPIB辐照处理对316L不锈钢耐磨性的改善

利用强流脉冲离子束（HIPIB）对316L不锈钢进行了表面辐照处理，研究了HIPIB辐照对316L表面摩擦磨损性能的影响。实验结果表明，HIPIB辐照处理后，在深度达50μm以上范围内316L的显微硬度提高，表面滑动摩擦系数降低，耐磨性得到显著改善。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察辐照前后试样的表面形貌；用X射线衍射（XRD）分析辐照前后试样表面层相结构的变化。结果发现，HIPIB辐照使试样表面光滑化，且表面层产生择优取向。HIPIB辐照引起的强大应力和冲击波使材料发生了明显的塑性变形，不仅导致“形变织构”出现，并且产生大量的位错等缺陷，形成稳定的网络分布，从而强化了316L不锈钢表面层。     

Study on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution was investigated by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(SPEIS).The investigation focused on the transition of stainless steel from the passive state to pitting corrosion.Based on the evolution of electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit,it is suggested that the most probable mechanism of pit creation is the film breaking model.The result demonstrates that staircase potential electrochemical impedance...     

316L不锈钢焊缝联合防护技术研究

利用阴极保护和涂层相结合的联合保护技术提高316L不锈钢焊缝的耐腐蚀性能.通过测量试样的阴极极化曲线,分析了涂层和阴极保护之间的相容性;通过测量带有涂层的焊缝附近的极化曲线,确定了其自腐蚀电位;通过测量焊件不同区域的交流阻抗Bode图,并利用相关计算方法得出各区域的最佳保护电位;最后,利用保护度计算公式对焊件三区联合保护效果进行比较分析.结果表明:环氧煤沥青涂层与阴极保护之间具有良好的相容性,带涂层的不锈钢焊缝在阴极最佳保护电位下,腐蚀速率大大降低.因此,联合保护能够使不锈钢焊缝区达到很高的保护度.     

氧化铝陶瓷凝胶注模成型影响因素的研究

探讨陶瓷凝胶注模成型的机理和特点，研究固相体积含量、pH值、分散剂等对制备低粘度、高固相体积含量的氧化铝陶瓷悬浮液的影响。实验结果表明，固相体积分数为55％浆料的粘度可以满足注模的需要，坯体抗弯强度可达30Mpa。控制pH值为9左右，加入8％的PMAA-NH4分散剂，可制得粘度低、流动性好适宜于复杂形状制品注模的陶瓷浆料。     

Graphite-polypyrrole coated 316L stainless steel as bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

316L stainless steel(SS 316L) is quite attractive as bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFC).In this study,graphite-polypyrrole was coated on SS 316L by the method of cyclic voltammetry.The surface morphology and chemical composition of the graphite-polypyrrole composite coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).A simulated working environment of PEMFC was applied for testing the corrosion properties of graphite-polypyrrole ...     

Passivation method of 317L stainless steel used in medicine

The electrochemical performance of 317L stainless steel used in medicine under different conditions of passivation(Different conternts of HNO3 solution,different passivation time and different passivation temperatures)was studied.The results show that the pitting potential of 317L stainless steel used in medicine can reach about 1.0V(SCE) when electrochemically tested in 0.9% NaCl solution after the steel was passivated in 30% HNO3 solution at 35℃for 6h,which indicates that the passivation film has a relatively strong resistance to corrosion,The results also show that the corrosion resistance of the passivation film on the surface of 317SS can be increased after suitable amount of K2Cr2O7 is added into NHO3 passivation solution.