基于项目属性和云填充的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤推荐算法中经常因用户评分矩阵极端稀疏而导致相似性度量方法不准,推荐质量不高,针对这一问题,提出一种基于项目属性和云填充的协同过滤推荐算法。利用云模型对用户评分矩阵进行填充,在填充矩阵基础上,利用传统的相似性计算方法得到项目之间的评分相似性,同时结合项目属性,计算项目的属性相似性,通过加权因子得到项目的最终相似性,从而形成一种新的相似性度量方法。实验结果表明, 提出的算法可有效解决传统方法中由于数据稀疏所导致的相似性度量不准确的问题, 并显著地提高了算法的推荐精度。     

基于属性相似性的Item-based协同过滤算法

通过分析传统Item-based协同过滤推荐中的稀疏性问题以及新项目的冷开始问题,提出了一个基于属性相似性的Item-based协同过滤算法。该算法利用项目属性的相似性来修正原始相似性计算,综合考虑项目属性和用户评价对推荐的影响,改进了传统相似性度量方法在评价数据稀疏和新项目推荐中测量结果不够准确的问题。     

基于用户特征属性和云模型的协同过滤推荐算法

随着数据的极端稀疏性,仅仅依赖于传统的协同过滤相似性的度量方法已无法取得精确的推荐结果。针对这一问题,提出基于用户特征属性和云模型的协同过滤算法。首先,算法利用云模型计算用户评分云相似性,结合用户打分偏好对原矩阵进行填充,在此基础上得到用户的评分云相似性;其次,再结合用户特征属性相似性通过加权因子计算用户的最终相似性,得到一种新的相似性度量方法;最后,得到算法的评分预测。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高推荐质量。     

基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法

推荐系统是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一.随着电子商务系统用户数目和商品数目的日益增加,在整个商品空间上用户评分数据极端稀疏,传统的相似性度量方法均存在各自的弊端,导致推荐系统的推荐质量急剧下降.针对用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种基于项目评分预测的协同过滤推荐算法,根据项目之间的相似性初步预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上,采用一种新颖的相似性度量方法计算目标用户的最近邻居.实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地解决用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法存在的问题,显著地提高推荐系统的推荐质量.     

使用群体兴趣偏好度的协同过滤推荐

推荐系统是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一,用户相似性度量方法是影响推荐算法准确率高低的关键因素。针对用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种基于群体兴趣偏好度的协同过滤推荐算法,根据群体兴趣偏好度来预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上再采用传统的相似性度量方法计算目标用户的最近邻居。实验结果表明,该算法可以有效解决用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法存在的问题,显著提高推荐系统的推荐质量。     

基于用户偏好和项目属性的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤推荐算法是目前应用最为广泛的个性化推荐方法之一,但传统的推荐算法在计算目标用户邻居集时只考虑用户项目评分矩阵中的具体数值,没有考虑用户偏好以及用户评分与项目属性之间的关系,推荐精度也有待进一步提高。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于用户偏好和项目属性的协同过滤推荐算法(UPPPCF)。本算法在传统的用户项目评分矩阵基础上综合考虑用户偏好以及项目属性,把评分矩阵转变成基于用户偏好的用户项目属性评分矩阵,然后根据这一评分矩阵来计算目标用户的最近邻居集,克服了传统相似性计算方法只依靠用户评分值的不足,同时本文对预测值判定给出了一种有效的度量方法。在 MovieLen 数据集上的实验结果表明,本文提出的UPPPCF算法能够有效弥补传统协同过滤算法中的不足,而且在推荐精度上有了明显的提高。     

一种改进项目多属性类别划分的推荐算法

针对传统度量相似性方法中忽略项目多属性类别差异的问题,提出一种改进项目多属性类别划分的推荐算法,首先构建项目—用户隶属矩阵挖掘用户间的隶属关系,并创建相似邻居FP-Tree以提取最近邻居集;然后分析用户间共同项目相似性和项目多属性类别划分的差异性,通过权重因子将共同项目和多属性类别融合,构建CNB度量模型度量邻居相似程度;最后对所得相似用户进行降序排列,获取更加精准的相似用户,完成推荐工作。结合医药数据集验证该算法的有效性,结果表明其时间复杂度、推荐准确性和平均精度均值均有较好的提升。     

基于类别相似性的增量协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤技术被成功地应用于个性化推荐系统中.随着电子商务系统用户数目和商品数目的日益增加,整个项目空间上用户评分数据极端稀疏,传统的相似性度量方法没有考虑项目所属类别对项目相似性的影响,因而计算结果不够准确.在引入项目评分预测思想的基础上,考虑到数据稀疏性和项目所属分类对项目相似性的影响,采用修正的条件概率方法计算项目相似性;在计算用户初步预测评分和最终预测评分阶段,采用新的预测方法进行预测;针对系统性能随着用户和资源的增多而不断下降的问题,提出一种优化的增量协同过滤推荐算法.实验表明,该算法可以有效地解决用户评分数据极端稀疏情况下传统相似性度量方法存在的问题,显著提高推荐系统的推荐质量.     

个性化推荐中一种新的相似性计算方法

个性化推荐是电子商务系统中最重要的技术之一,随着用户数目和商品数目的日益增加,在整个商品空间上用户评分数据极端稀疏,传统的相似性度量方法存在各自的弊端,导致推荐系统的推荐质量急剧下降。针对传统相似性度量方法的不足,提出了一种新的基于模糊相似优先比的相似性度量方法,根据项目之间的相似性预测用户对未评分项目的评分,在此基础上,采用相似优先比计算目标用户的最近邻居。实验表明,该度量方式能够提高个性化推荐系统的推荐质量。     

考虑项目属性的协同过滤推荐模型

针对传统的基于用户的协同过滤(UCF)模型在相似性度量过程中没有充分考虑项目属性的问题,提出了两种考虑项目属性的协同过滤推荐模型。模型首先对用户评分相似性进行优化;然后从项目属性的角度统计用户关于不同项目的评价次数,获得优化的基于项目属性的用户相似性;最后通过自适应平衡因子协调处理两方面的相似性结果进行项目预测与推荐。实验结果表明,在不同的数据集中,新提出的模型不仅时间花费较为合理,而且评分预测准确性明显提高,平均提高了5%,从而证明了模型在改进用户相似性度量精度方面的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。