高产气井油管用13Cr-L80钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为

用复合磷酸盐完井液对取自13Cr-L80钢油管的紧凑拉伸试样进行预腐蚀处理,再进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,通过分析疲劳裂纹扩展区形貌,研究了应力比(0.05～0.25)、加载载荷(10～14 kN)和载荷频率(0.6～1.8 Hz)对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响。结果表明：随应力比增大,疲劳裂纹扩展区二次裂纹数量增多,13Cr-L80钢的裂纹扩展速率增大;随加载载荷增大,疲劳裂纹扩展区二次裂纹数量减少,裂纹扩展速率减小;载荷频率越高,疲劳裂纹扩展区二次裂纹数量越少,但裂纹尖端应变速率增大,裂尖变形更充分,导致裂纹扩展加快,试验中止时的循环次数减少。     

不同条件下300M钢的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

对300M钢在空气和质量分数3.5%NaCl水溶液中分别进行了疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验,得到了其疲劳裂纹扩展速率-应力强度因子范围曲线,并分别利用Paris公式和Walker公式对曲线进行了拟合;分析了应力比、腐蚀环境、频率对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。结果表明:300M钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率随应力比的增加而增大;在相同应力比下,300M钢在NaCl水溶液中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率在裂纹扩展前期比在空气中的快,在扩展后期则趋于一致;较低试验频率下300M钢在裂纹扩展前期的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比在较高频率下的快。     

F690超高强钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为及其有限元模拟

采用直流电压降法测试了F690超高强钢在模拟海水中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,研究了应力比(0.1,0.2,0.3)和加载频率(0.15,0.30,0.60 Hz)对疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响;采用基于能量释放率Paris法则的扩展有限元方法对腐蚀疲劳过程进行了模拟,并与试验结果进行对比.结果表明:F690钢在模拟海水中的腐蚀疲劳...     

加载频率对航空铝合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响

提出腐蚀疲劳频率影响因子概念,建立了考虑加载频率影响的LC9铝合金腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率模型,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:腐蚀疲劳频率影响因子随加载频率的变化可以用指数形式表达,能够反映出加载频率对于腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的影响;腐蚀损伤会显著降低裂纹扩展门槛值;基于该模型得到处于稳态扩展区的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的预测值与试验结果吻合程度良好,对于航空铝合金构件腐蚀疲劳寿命评估具有参考价值。     

疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展速率的研究

主要研究含裂纹构件在具有不同应力比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下裂纹扩展速率公式新的表现形式。运用新裂纹扩展速率公式,定量地计算出具有不同应力比与不同加载频率的疲劳载荷作用下线弹性裂纹的扩展速率。综合考虑了疲劳作用应力,裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅值,总结出新裂纹扩展速率公式的适用范围,检验了新裂纹扩展速率公式的准确性和实用性。     

波动载荷下X70管线钢裂纹扩展特性研究

用预裂纹试样研究了应力比为0.9的波动载荷下X70管线钢在不同环境中的裂纹扩展特性,并进行了定量分析。结果表明:不同环境中管线钢的裂纹扩展具有真腐蚀疲劳的特征,裂纹扩展速率主要受波动载荷产生的应力强度因子幅ΔK控制,给定载荷波动频率的裂纹扩展速率可表示为:da/dN=B(ΔK-ΔKth)2。在模拟管线局部环境的中性碳酸盐和NS4中,裂纹扩展具有较高的B值,且随载荷波动频率的降低B值升高。碱性碳酸盐环境中裂纹扩展的B值较低,载荷波动频率对裂纹扩展无影响。各种环境中ΔKth变化不大,在2.3～2.6MPa·m1/2范围。     

压载荷对疲劳裂纹在Paris区内扩展影响的有限元研究

以7049-UA铝合金为研究对象,用弹塑性有限元方法分析拉压循环载荷下,三条不同裂纹长度的裂尖应力场,通过裂尖的应力状态定义一个考虑压载荷影响的有效应力强度因子范围参数ΔKeff′,并利用此参数,定量分析循环拉压载荷对铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展的促进作用,并提出一种简便的利用有限元方法拟合应力比为负值时Paris区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率的方法,与已发表的实验数据相比较,得到较好的验证.     

力学-电化学交互作用下E690钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率理论模型

基于腐蚀疲劳中力学-电化学交互作用过程的能量转换,利用能量守恒、电化学热力学及腐蚀电化学原理,研究在腐蚀疲劳体系中动能、势能以及阳极溶解电化学能的变化,建立E690高强钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率理论模型,并通过腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验验证该理论模型的准确性。结果表明：质量分数3.5%NaCl溶液会加速E690高强钢疲劳裂纹初期的扩展,降低疲劳寿命,应力比的提高会明显加速腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展,同时降低裂纹扩展门槛值;理论模型计算得到疲劳裂纹扩展速率与试验结果基本吻合,相对误差小于10%,说明该模型可以很好地描述E690高强钢的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展行为。     

加载频率f和应力比R对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率影响的研究

在腐蚀疲劳试验基础上, 研究了０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９ 钢在ＮａＣｌ溶液中的扩展行为, 分析了应力比Ｒ和加载频率ｆ 对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响, 提出了环境加速因子Ｃ （Ｒ, ｆ）, 进而给出了一种反映腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ～ （ΔＫ, ｆ, Ｒ） 的数学模型。该模型经试验验证, 满足工程要求     

16MnR钢在不同应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展的试验研究及模拟

采用3.8 mm厚带有圆形缺口的CT试样,研究了16MnR钢在不同应力比的恒幅循环载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展。开发了一种基于疲劳损伤的方法来模拟疲劳裂纹扩展速率。将16MnR钢的循环塑性本构模型通过用户材料子程序UMAT嵌入到ABAQUS中。把有限元计算得到的疲劳裂纹尖端附近区域的弹塑性循环应力应变结果,代入到疲劳损伤模型中,得到每个加载循环在裂尖各点产生的疲劳损伤值。通过疲劳损伤准则,导出疲劳裂纹稳定扩展速率的计算公式。疲劳裂纹扩展试验验证了模拟结果。实验结果和模拟结果都表明,该试样厚度下,应力比对裂纹扩展速率几乎没有影响。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.