考虑接触特性的滚动轴承系统建模与仿真分析

根据Hertz接触理论和滚动轴承功能原理,以SKF6208深沟球轴承为参考,在ADAMS/View软件环境下设计建立了基于Impact函数的滚动轴承多体动力学仿真模型。通过实体接触条件下的轴承运转过程动态仿真分析,计算获得了滚珠与内圈、外圈及保持架之间的接触力动态分布规律。指出:轴承系统在启动瞬间(0~0.22 s)存在一定滑动,且接触力变化频率较大;进入滚动阶段(0.22~0.4 s)后,接触力变化频率减小,且呈周期性分布。仿真结果验证了滚动轴承的启动打滑现象,符合实际运行工况。为深入研究滚动轴承系统的接触机理及动态载荷提供了技术参考。     

一种平面基本运动链位置分析的代数求解

采用代数消元方法以一种平面四环基本运动链的位移分析问题进行了求解,由此得到了一个３０次的输入输出方程,最后给出了算例。     

Finite element analysis of the effect of sequential cuts and tool–chip friction on residual stresses in a machined layer

A thermo-elastic–viscoplastic model using explicit finite element code Abaqus was developed to investigate the effect of sequential cuts and tool–chip friction on residual stresses in a machined layer. Chip formation, cutting forces and temperature were also examined in the sequential cuts. The affected layer from the first cut slightly changes the chip thickness, cutting forces, residual strain and temperature of the machined layer, but significantly affects the residual stress distribution produced by the second cut. Residual stress is sensitive to friction condition of the tool–chip interface. Simulation results offer an insight into residual stresses induced in sequential cuts. Based on simulation results, characteristics of residual stress distribution can be controlled by optimizing the second cut.     

Flow cytometric analysis of the functional ability of neutrophils from patients with autoimmune neutropenia

Flow cytometry has been used to evaluate the functional ability of neutrophils and the expression of IgG Fc receptors (FcRII and FcRIII) in autoimmune neutropenia. Quantification of the neutrophil oxidative burst was made by assaying the production of 2′7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) from non-fluorescent 2′7′-dichlorofluorescin trapped within the cell, by flow cytometric analysis of cellular fluorescence. In the present study the DCF assay was used to examine the response of neutrophils to stimulation by opsonized and non-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the rate of uptake of S. aureus labelled with the red nuclear dye propidium iodide was determined. The presence of surface-bound immunoglobulin, which may affect the phagocytic capacity of the neutrophil, was also measured. No correlation between the neutrophil count and level of membrane-bound IgG or the rate of bacterial uptake was found. The studies were performed on twenty patients with autoimmune neutropenia, twelve with other autoimmune disorders and fourteen normal controls. The rate of uptake of bacteria was considered in relation to the expression of FcRII and FcRIII. Good correlation was found with the level of expression of FcRII, the major receptor for neutrophil activation, and the rate of uptake of bacteria (r = 0.64).     

Improving the kinematic calibration of a coordinate measuring arm using configuration analysis

Portable coordinate measuring arms (CMA) represent a special class of coordinate measuring machines providing high accuracy combined with high flexibility. To obtain high accurate and reliable 3D coordinates, the kinematic model has to represent precisely the mechanical construction of the CMA. Thus, a reliable and accurate calibration is essential to preserve the CMA's accuracy. However, due to its redundant characteristics, estimating the kinematic parameters has to deal with linear dependencies and, therefore, with rank deficiencies. A profound statistical analysis of the existing calibration approaches has not yet been performed. For this reason, this paper introduces an innovative and replicable least-squares calibration approach based on the general case of adjustment (Gauß–Helmert model). This rigorous optimization procedure integrates the original observations and enables a statistical evaluation of the estimated parameters as well as of each observation, based on the configuration analysis. The applicability of the approach is proofed using simulated and real measuring data. Thanks to the configuration analysis and supported by experimental results, it is shown that an accurate solution of the calibration can be obtained using measurements only located in a small part of the workspace.     

安全阀大膜片起皱破裂问题的分析与处理

对安全阀大膜片工作状态的力学性能、材料的化学成分进行了计算和检验,给出了保证大膜片工作性能的具体措施。     

The quantitative analysis of thin specimens: a review of progress from the Cliff-Lorimer to the new ζ-factor methods

A new quantitative thin‐film X‐ray analysis procedure termed the ζ‐factor method is proposed. This new ζ‐factor method overcomes the two major limitations of the conventional Cliff‐Lorimer method for quantification: (1) use of pure‐element rather than multielement, thin‐specimen standards and (2) built‐in X‐ray absorption correction with simultaneous thickness determination. Combined with a universal, standard, thin specimen, a series of ζ‐factors covering a significant fraction of the periodic table can be estimated. This ζ‐factor estimation can also provide information about both the detector efficiency and the microscope–detector interface system. Light‐element analysis can also be performed more easily because of the built‐in absorption correction. Additionally, the new ζ‐factor method has several advantages over the Cliff‐Lorimer ratio method because information on the specimen thickness at the individual analysis points is produced simultaneously with compositions, thus permitting concurrent determination of the spatial resolution and the analytical sensitivity. In this work, details of the ζ‐factor method and how it improves on the Cliff‐Lorimer approach are demonstrated, along with several applications.