热释电红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计

讲述了热释电红外焦平面阵列的工作原理以及驱动信号的重要作用,并举例说明了320×240热释电红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的要求.分析了利用VHDL语言对该阵列驱动信号编程的思路.设计完成后成功地对其进行了计算机模拟仿真.实验结果证明了用VHDL程序设计电路的有效性.     

红外图像非均匀性实时校正的新技术

介绍了红外图像非均匀校正的基本方法,并以多点校正方法为例,利用DSP硬件具有强大的运算能力及灵活的可编程性,自动完成了图像的非均匀性实时校正.给出了校正系统的构成,描述了校正方法的实现过程.用像元数为128×128的红外焦平面阵列进行了图像非均匀性实时校正实验,并对校正前后的图像进行了对比.实验结果达到了预期目的,表明基于DSP的红外图像非均匀性实时校正系统实现的校正方法简单,效果理想.     

基于KPT光电二极管的3—5μm和8—12μm光谱段用焦平面阵列

本文介绍了基于ＫＰＴ光电二极管阵列的“凝视”焦平面阵列光电接收器的构造特点，ＫＰＴ光电二极管阵列用铟柱触点与读出光电信号的“冷”硅电子方式混杂而成，给出幅面为３２×３２和１２８×１２８的阵列光电接收器主要特性的研究结果。     

利用单片可编程系统对红外焦平面阵列进行实行非均匀性校正

针对红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)非均匀性多点校正过程中涉及的数据量大,难于实现实时校正的特点,提出了利用Altera公司的单片可编程系统(SOPC)对红外焦平面阵列进行多点实时校正的方法.利用SOPC的NioslI处理器定制指令功能,实现了软件算法的硬件化,有效提高了红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正速度.实验结果表明:对相同的多点校正算法,利用SOPC硬件实现算法的校正速度比TMS320C6201 DSP硬件快1.5倍,且校正过程简单灵活,图像效果理想,能够很好地满足红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正要求.     

基于SOPC的红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正研究

针对红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）非均匀性多点校正过程中涉及的数据量大,难于实现实时校正的特点,提出了利用Altera公司单片可编程系统（SOPC）对红外焦平面阵列进行多点实时校正。利用SOPC的NiosII处理器定制指令功能,实现软件算法的硬件化,能够有效加速红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正速度。实验结果表明利用SOPC实现红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正方法简单灵活,图像效果理想,能够很好地满足红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正要求。     

TFT的热电特性及其在室温IRFPA中的应用

描述了非晶硅薄膜晶体管(TFT)的热电特性,表明TFT是一种有潜力的室温红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)的敏感元件,介绍了集成式8×8TFT IRFPA的主要制作工艺,并给出了实验结果.     

利用单片可编程系统对红外焦平面阵列进行实时非均匀性校正

针对红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）非均匀性多点校正过程中涉及的数据量大,难于实现实时校正的特点,提出了利用Altera公司的单片可编程系统（SOPC）对红外焦平面阵列进行多点实时校正的方法。利用SOPC的Niosll处理器定制指令功能,实现了软件算法的硬件化,有效提高了红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正速度。实验结果表明：对相同的多点校正算法,利用SOPC硬件实现算法的校正速度比TMS320C6201 DSP硬件快1．5倍,且校正过程简单灵活,图像效果理想,能够很好地满足红外焦平面阵列实时非均匀性校正要求。     

中波红外连续变焦光学系统

针对制冷式320×240凝视焦平面阵列探测器,设计了一个中波红外连续变焦光学系统。该系统由变焦物镜系统和二次成像系统构成,包括7片透镜,引入一个非球面,并采用两个反射镜折叠光路。利用变焦系统原理和光学设计软件给出了系统的光学参数和外形结构图,并对其像质和冷反射进行了系统分析。该系统可以实现50~500 mm的连续变焦,工作波段为3.7~4.8 μm,满足100％冷光阑效率。结构紧凑,像质较好,变焦行程短,变焦轨迹平滑。     

傅立叶变换红外显微镜新技术及应用

FT-IR显微镜技术是采用FT-IR光谱仪与光学显微镜联用的新型系统。红外显微镜技术是一种非破坏性技术,仅需要少量的样品,这些优势使得红外显微镜被理想地用于数量有限的样品。这里将论述红外显微镜对一种特殊法庭样品一头发纤维的分析。红外显微镜对于法庭科学是一个很重要的工具。     

气象测云红外成像系统的设计与分析

以云层为目标,进行了目标与背景的红外波段分析,分析了气象测云红外成像系统的工作波段,确定了红外成像系统的主要技术参数;进行了基于非制冷红外焦平面列阵（UIRFPA）探测器件的气象测云红外成像系统的光学设计、结构设计与电路设计;针对该系统进行红外图像自适应非均匀校正设计和温度调焦机构设计。     

High throughput operando studies using Fourier transform infrared imaging and Raman spectroscopy

A prototype high throughput operando (HTO) reactor designed and built for catalyst screening and characterization combines Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging and Raman spectroscopy in operando conditions. Using a focal plane array detector (HgCdTe focal plane array, 128x128 pixels, and 1610 Hz frame rate) for the FT-IR imaging system, the catalyst activity and selectivity of all parallel reaction channels can be simultaneously followed. Each image data set possesses 16 384 IR spectra with a spectral range of 800-4000 cm(-1) and with an 8 cm(-1) resolution. Depending on the signal-to-noise ratio, 2-20 s are needed to generate a full image of all reaction channels for a data set. Results on reactant conversion and product selectivity are obtained from FT-IR spectral analysis. Six novel Raman probes, one for each reaction channel, were specially designed and house built at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, to simultaneously collect Raman spectra of the catalysts and possible reaction intermediates on the catalyst surface under operando conditions. As a model system, methanol partial oxidation reaction on silica-supported molybdenum oxide (MoO3SiO2) catalysts has been studied under different reaction conditions to demonstrate the performance of the HTO reactor.     

红外双波段双视场共光路光学系统

考虑红外多波段双视场共光路系统多谱段色差严重且能量透过率低,本文设计了结构简单的红外中波/长波双波段双视场折射系统,实现了成像系统的功能多样性。该系统采用了320pixel×240pixel红外中波和长波双色焦平面阵列探测器,通过引入非球面元件提高了系统校正像差的能力,实现了镜片组的结构性调整。系统包括变焦和二次成像两个子系统,其中变焦系统短焦距为50mm,长焦距为200mm,满足100%冷阑匹配。像质评价结果表明:在17lp/mm处,调制传递函数(MTF)在中波处大于0.5,在长波处两个视场下都接近衍射极限;另外80%左右的能量都能被集中在一个像元上,光谱透过率均匀,且无严重的冷反射现象。优化后的光学系统具有适用范围广,结构紧凑以及成像效果好等优点,在机载光电侦察跟踪设备上有较好的应用前景。     

Calibrated Thermal Microscopy of the Tool–Chip Interface in Machining

This paper presents the results of calibrated, microscopic measurement of the temperature fields at the tool–chip interface during the steady‐state, orthogonal machining of AISI 1045 steel. The measurement system consists of an infrared imaging microscope with a 0.5 mm square target area, and a spatial resolution of less than 5 µm. The system is based on an InSb 128 × 128 focal plane array with an all‐reflective microscope objective. The microscope is calibrated using a standard blackbody source from NIST. The emissivity of the machined material is determined from the infrared reflectivity measurements. Thermal images of steady state machining are measured on a diamond‐turning class lathe for a range of machining parameters. The measurements are analyzed by two methods: 1) energy flux calculations made directly from the thermal images using a control–volume approach; and 2) a simplified finite‐difference simulation. The standard uncertainty of the temperature measurements is ± 52°C at 800°C.     

红外热成像信号处理技术的研究进展

红外热成像技术通过二维图像的形式准确反映物体表面温度分布情况,广泛应用于医疗诊断、故障检测、能耗监控及智能驾驶等众多工业领域。针对制约红外热成像技术发展的3个主要瓶颈问题,分别阐述相关研究领域内最新的科研进展。首先,介绍红外信号固定模式噪声建模及除噪方法,解决信号采集系统中关键部件焦平面阵列传感器存在的严重噪声干扰;其次,介绍红外信号特征重建理论的研究,克服红外焦平面阵列探测器制作工艺复杂、成品率低及价格昂贵等制约了红外热成像技术广泛工业应用的问题;最后,探索多源信息融合技术,减少二维图像采集过程中降维映射导致的信息损失,提高基于多光谱信息进行目标检测系统的性能。红外热成像信号处理技术的最新科研进展,为新一代高成像精度、高分辨率、低制作成本的三维红外成像仪器的研发提供新理论与技术。     

Uncooled IR imaging using optomechanical detectors

In this study, we present an uncooled infrared imaging detector using knife-edge filter optical readout method. The tilt angle change of each cantilever in a focal plane array (FPA) can be simultaneously detected with a resolution of 10(-5) degrees. A deformation magnifying substrate-free microcantilever unit is specially designed. The multi-fold legs of microcantilever are interval metal coated to form a thermal deformation magnifying structure. Thermal and thermomechanical performance of this microcantilever unit are modeled and analyzed. An FPA with 100 x 100 pixels is fabricated and thermal images of human body are obtained by this detector.     

基于红外焦平面阵列读出结构的非均匀校正算法

空间固定图案噪声严重影响了红外探测器的成像质量,它主要是由于焦平面阵列上各探测单元对于同一辐照的光电响应不完全一致所造成。另外,多通道图像数据采集电路的非均匀性更加重了这种噪声。本文提出了一种基于红外焦平面阵列读出结构的非均匀校正算法,它将校正过程分成两步。首先利用恒定统计方法滤除由通道放大器引起的固定图案噪声,然后再将处理结果通过改进的神经网络方法,进一步校正由探测器响应而产生的非均匀性。由于该算法是递推进行,并且具有收敛速度快、计算复杂度低等优点,因此易于工程实现。文中详细阐述了算法的基本原理及其流程,并用仿真数据和真实红外数据对算法性能进行验证,取得了较好的效果。     

中波红外两档变焦光学系统

报道了一种用于320×240制冷型探测器的中波红外两档变焦光学系统。该系统采用二次成像、前组透镜轴向移动变焦的光学结构形式。根据探测器类型和实际的使用要求给出了系统的光学参数,并利用光学设计软件对系统的像质进行了的分析。结果表明,该系统可以实现焦距为180/60两档变焦,工作波段为3～5μm,F数为1.96,满足100％冷光阑效率,截止频率16lp/mm处的MTF值大于0.6,结构简单,使用方便,像质好。     

Three-colour x-ray mapping using digital storage

Computer-controlled scanning of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser has been carried out. This has been achieved by building an SEM interface module which controls the scanning of the electron beam and also provides a communication link between the x-ray analyser and an enhanced BBC micro. The digitised x-ray data pulses can be collected from three elements simultaneously to produce colour-coded x-ray distribution maps. Some such maps from two different specimens are presented and an effect of x-ray shadowing is clearly demonstrated. A comparison between images acquired using a frame size with 256 × 256 pixels and those with 128 × 128 pixels is made.     

Infrared focal plane array based on GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well multilayer structures

An infrared 320 × 256 focal plane array (FPA) for 7.5–10 μm was designed, fabricated and investigated. The photodetector matrix based on GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well multilayer structures was grown by hydride epitaxy from organometallic compounds. The sensitivity peak was achieved at a wavelength of 9.3 μm and equaled 340 mA/W. The hybrid FPA was fabricated by cold welding indium bumps of the photodetector and silicon multiplexer. The obtained NETD was 29.4 mK at 68 K.