需求依赖广告费用和销售价格的newsboy型产品库存模型

在假定随机需求是关于销售价格和广告费用的一般函数的前提下,提出一个新的ｎｅｗｓｂｏｙ模型,给出了寻求最优广告费用、销售价格及订货量的分析方法,并且还分析了需求的不确定性对最优销售价格和广告策略的影响．最后,通过数值实例验证了模型的求解过程并得到相关管理启示．     

短生命周期产品的销量预测模型研究

为了提高短生命周期产品在整个生命周期各个阶段的销量预测能力,在前人研究的基础上,基于模糊理论提出了结合多元线性回归和模糊神经网络的组合预测方法模型.该模型综合考虑了生命周期各阶段的特点,首先对产品的生命周期进行了分析和分段,指出单一方法和传统方法的不足之处.在此基础上针对以上问题设计总体预测方案,不仅可以解决前期历史数据缺乏问题,而且可以解决中后期复杂的非线性预测问题,从而使销量预测模型更通用和更精确.实验结果表明了该模型的有效性.     

考虑参照价格效应的易逝品定价与订购策略

在考虑消费者参照价格效应的基础上,构建一个易逝品的定价与订购联合决策模型,其中产品的需求不仅依赖于销售价格还与该产品在消费者心目中的参照价格相关,变质率为常数,系统不允许缺货.分别讨论了对称参照价格效应和非对称参照价格效应两种情况下零售商的最优定价与订购决策问题,证明并得到关于模型结构的一些性质,进而设计了问题的求解算法.通过数值方法分析了参照价格效应参数和变质率对系统最优解的影响,以及两种情况下最优解之间的关系.结果显示:当面对具有参照价格依赖的消费者时,采用适当的营销策略来提高消费者的参照价格对零售商总是有利的;对高变质率产品而言,零售商可保持一个较稳定的订购策略,更多地关注产品的定价策略;面对损失厌恶型消费者,随着消费者参照价格的逐渐提高,零售商的定价与订购策略均应缓慢地改变,而不宜急剧变化.     

Optimal ordering quantity for announced price increases

In this note, we deal with a problem of determining an optimal order quantity when a buyer is provided with an opportunity to place a special order for additional stock before an announced price increase takes effect.     

需求依赖于产品价格和消费者时间偏好的定价与订货决策

研究产品的市场需求依赖于价格和消费者时间偏好情形下的供应链及其成员的最优定价与订货问题. 利用时间偏好因子刻画消费者的时间偏好, 利用产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数反映消费者的价格敏感程度, 建立存在强势零售商、强势供应商和供需双方势力均衡3 种渠道权力结构下的定价与订货模型. 数值结果表明, 在3 种渠道权力结构下, 消费者的时间偏好和产品市场需求关于零售价格的弹性指数是供应链主导者最优定价、订货量和期望利润的单调减函数, 将其纳入定价与订货决策的影响因素予以考量能够增加供应链主导者的最大期望利润.

     

Minimal ordering constraints for some families of variable symmetries

Variable symmetries in a constraint satisfaction problem can be broken by adding lexicographic ordering constraints. Existing general methods of generating such sets of ordering constraints can require a huge number of constraints. This adds an unacceptable overhead to the solving process. Methods exist by which this large set of ordering constraints can be reduced to a much smaller set automatically, but their application is also prohibitively costly. In contrast, this paper takes a bottom-up approach. It examines some commonly-occurring families of groups and derives a minimal set of ordering constraints sufficient to break the symmetry each group describes. These minimal sets are then used as building blocks to generate minimal sets of ordering constraints for groups constructed via direct and imprimitive wreath products. Experimental results confirm the value of minimal sets of ordering constraints, which can now be generated much more cheaply than with previous methods.     

双渠道异质产品市场背景下的概率销售策略

随着网络平台的兴起,概率销售作为一种新型销售策略广泛应用于Hotwire和Priceline.销售商将两种异质产品按一定比例打包成概率产品,通过网络渠道销售给消费者.首先,利用消费者对产品的估值差异研究双渠道异质产品销售模型(HDTM)的最优定价策略和最优收益;然后,结合HDTM研究双渠道异质产品的概率销售模型(HDPM),并讨论该模型的定价策略和最优收益;最后,研究双渠道销售模型最优收益以及概率水平对双渠道概率销售模型与传统销售模型最优收益差的影响并给出数值结果.数值结果表明,在低概率水平下和高概率水平下,双渠道概率销售模型的最优收益与传统单渠道销售模型相比具有明显优势,即表现出“两端优势”,但在中等概率水平下,概率销售模型的最优收益低于传统销售模型收益.     

两种需求模式下报童模型的最优定价-订购联合决策

在加法和乘法两种需求模式下,研究了带有缺货惩罚的单周期报童模型的最优定价-订购联合决策问题,证明了最优决策的存在性及唯一性的充分条件,并具体给出了最优决策的解析表达式。通过数值算例,验证了结论的有效性,给出了价格敏感因子对最优决策和期望收益的影响。研究结果在理论上更具有一般性,而且为研究多零售商的价格竞争决策问题和供应链契约协调等问题提供了理论依据。     

Trees and linked lists with variable ordering relations (RTR structures)

In the paper, new forms of structural trees and linked lists with variable ordering relations (RTR trees and RTR lists) are considered. The use of them makes it possible to apply a scheme of forward kinematics to simulating the behavior of 3D objects with a reorganizable structure as well as to make the logic of the behavior simulation more reasonable.     

The effect of advance payment with discount facility on supply decisions of deteriorating products whose demand is both price and stock dependent

Generally, in the business world, it is observed that suppliers give different kinds of benefits to retailers due to advance payment. One of the popular benefits is instant cash discount due to advance payment. If a retailer pays off his total purchase cost before receiving the products, then he receives a certain percentage of cash discount instantly. However, if the retailer pays off a certain fraction of the total purchasing cost, then price discount is given only at the time of receiving the products while paying the remaining amount of the total purchasing cost. Using this concept, this paper formulates, under both cases of advance payment (full or partial), an inventory model for deteriorating products where shortages are allowed and demand function is considered as price and stock dependent. The closed‐form solutions for each case are presented and two numerical examples are solved. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is also performed to show the effects of advance payment with discount facility.     

考虑参照价格效应和消费者行为的预售及退货策略

生产商通过预售可以提前获取市场需求信息,但由于消费者产品估值的不确定性,生产商可能面临现货期大量退货的风险,制定合理的预售与退货策略成为生产商必须解决的核心问题.鉴于此,运用报童模型和消费者期望效用理论,考虑参照价格效应对消费者购买行为以及生产商预售期定价策略的影响,构建单一预售、预售退货不再出售、预售退货再出售3种策...     

Supply chain coordination with two production modes and random demand depending on advertising expenditure and selling price

This article discusses production and order as well as advertising coordination issues in a single-manufacturer single-buyer supply chain, where the manufacturer sells a newsvendor-type product through the buyer who faces a random demand depending on advertising expenditure and selling price. The buyer has two ordering opportunities: the one happens before the beginning of the season, and the other takes place at the end of the season. The ordered items are produced by the manufacturer in two production modes for different requirements. The first production mode is relatively cheap but requires a long lead-time, whereas the second is expensive but offers quick response. Under such a setting, the centralised and decentralised decision models are developed, respectively, and the closed form solution to each model is provided as well. Moreover, we point out that the traditional revenue-sharing contract fails to coordinate the supply chain. We thus propose an improved revenue-sharing contract that requests the manufacturer not only shares the buyer's revenue but also bears a portion of the buyer's operating costs. Such a contract can achieve perfect coordination of the supply chain and arbitrarily allocate its profit between two parties.     

Multiple lot-sizing decisions with an interrupted geometric yield and variable production time

This study examines a multiple lot-sizing problem for a single-stage production system with an interrupted geometric distribution, which is distinguished in involving variable production lead-time. In a finite number of setups, this study determined the optimal lot-size for each period that minimizes total expected cost. The following cost items are considered in optimum lot-sizing decisions: setup cost, variable production cost, inventory holding cost, and shortage cost. A dynamic programming model is formulated in which the duration between current time and due date is a stage variable, and remaining demand and work-in-process status are state variables. This study then presents an algorithm for solving the dynamic programming problem. Additionally, this study examines how total expected costs of optimal lot-sizing decisions vary when parameters are changed. Numerical results show that the optimum lot-size as a function of demand is not always monotonic.     

高速公路主线限速与匝道融合的协调控制

为缓解高速公路的交通拥挤,主线限速、匝道融合等常被应用,因主线限速和匝道融合经各自优化获得的控制策略可能存在矛盾,故二者协调是必须的,而如何建立和求解二者的协调控制模型还没有有效方法.本文基于宏观交通流理论和多agent技术研究了此协调控制问题.为此首先阐述了高速公路的一般宏观交通流模型;然后分析主线限速、匝道融合的交通特性,建立了主线限速-匝道融合交通流模型;并协调主线限速和匝道融合,建立了协调控制模型.最后,基于多agent技术和分层递阶结构提出了协调控制模型的求解算法,并给出了应用此方法控制仿真高速公路的一个实例.     

具单周期特性的短生命周期产品随机IRP及算法

为优化企业物流系统,针对单周期,短生命周期产品的特点,将库存控制与配送路径安排决策集成,考虑随机需求、缺货成本、积压贬值成本、配送成本等,建立一个具有单周期特性的短生命周期产品随机IRP离散模型,目标是合理确定各零售门店的订购数量及配送路线使得系统成本最小。该问题属于NP-hard问题。对此,采用“报童模型”和差分法求解最佳订购量,将模型予以转化,并设计了一种遗传算法进行求解。算例结果表明所提算法能在较短时间内求解出不同客户数目组合的满意解。结论是：门店订购量宜采用组合选择方式;系统成本与单位行程运价正相关;车容量增大有助于降低系统成本。     

On the influence of the variable ordering for algorithmic learning using OBDDs

OBDDs with a fixed variable ordering are used successfully as data structure in experiments with learning heuristics based on examples. In this paper, it is shown that, for some functions, it is necessary to develop an algorithm to learn also a good OBDD variable ordering. There are functions with the following properties. They have OBDDs of linear size for optimal variable orderings. But for all but a small fraction of all variable orderings one needs large size to represent a list of randomly chosen examples. These properties are shown for simple functions like the multiplexer and the inner product.     

基于多阈值的变精度邻域多粒度粗糙决策方法

为从更多角度处理数值型信息系统,提出了基于多阈值的变精度邻域多粒度粗糙决策分析方法。首先,分析了双重粒化准则下邻域半径选取的局限性,针对多属性特征给出了新的多阈值邻域半径计算方法;然后,借鉴变精度粗糙集在降低噪音数据干扰方面的优势,获取更精确的粗糙近似,并对相关性质进行了证明。实例分析表明,新模型能有效提高对象的分类精度和分类质量。     

以可存品与非可存品为消费对象的最优投资消费决策

传统的投资消费决策问题考虑的消费对象局限于单一的非可存品或者单一的可存品 .而且假定银行的贷款利率等于存款利率 .本文假定银行的贷款利率大于存款利率 ,并且投资者的消费对象为包含可存品与非可存品的组合 .可存品的价格假设服从几何布朗运动 ,它的折旧率假定为一个常值 .应用随机控制方法 ,得到等弹性效用函数情形下的最优投资消费策略的显式表达     

市场价格信息不对称的银企融资决策

研究市场价格信息不对称下, 受资金约束的零售商为获取最优订货量从资本市场借贷的供应链运营和融资决策问题. 采用Stackelberg 博弈, 构建并分析混同契约和甄别契约模型. 研究表明: 甄别契约能更好地激励零售商透露真实信息, 使供应链整体利润增加; 银行更偏好高价格零售商以降低借贷风险, 银行在甄别契约下的期望利润总是大于混同契约下的期望利润; 高价格零售商的期望利润受到价格波动和其类型比例的双重影响, 在一定条件下选择甄别契约会得到额外的信息租金.

     

A forecasting support system for aquatic products price in China

Aquaculture plays a very important role in adjusting Agricultural structure and increasing farmers' income. But the technological advances in the production and storage of fishery products have exceeded the development of effective market demand over the past one decade. As a result, participants within the fishery industry have frequently found themselves facing increased variable and declining prices negatively affected the fishery industry. So it is desirable to provide decision aids to price forecasting to avoid such market imbalance. An aquatic products price forecasting support system (APPFSS) was developed by China agricultural University. Based on questionnaire and interviews, we analyze the decision problems and user needs. Then the architecture and development of APPFSS were described. At last we discussed on problems we had encountered during development and promotion.