面向云制造服务的制造资源优化配置研究

为了降低云端制造服务成本,解决云制造环境下无需求偏好的制造资源优化配置的难题,充分考虑制造资源需求企业和云平台运营方的利益以及双方在制造资源配置服务过程中涉及到的服务质量（quality of sevice,QoS）因素和柔性因素,构建了云环境下代表制造资源需求企业和云平台运营方利益的多目标优化资源配置模型,并基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法对模型算例进行了求解,计算结果表明了该模型和算法的可行性、有效性和稳定性。     

云环境下大规模定制中资源配置研究

针对传统大规模定制生产模式无法满足日益个性化的产品市场变化,导致产品无法形成生产批量,在生产过程中增加成本和时间的问题,结合云制造的背景环境,提出云环境下大规模定制产品的生产模式,并通过建立包含生产总时间、生产总成本和产品总质量的多目标优化函数模型,使用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对所建模型进行求解,对模式运行中的资源配置问题进行研究。最后通过航模发动机进行算例验证,证明所建模型可以得到解决云环境下大规模定制产品生产过程中资源优化配置问题的最优生产方案。     

基于工作流网的应急资源配置与路径规划集成优化

应急管理决策通常包括站点选址、资源配置、运输调度等内容,如何从应急处置整体流程控制的视角对决策内容进行集成建模及优化,是应急管理研究付诸实际应用的关键。本文提出具有资源和不确定时间约束的应急工作流网模型,通过三类库所（状态库所、动作库所、资源库所）及三类时间属性（可视时间、静态时间、动态时间）,揭示多部门联合应急中的作业时序与资源占用关系。在给定整体流程最大完成时间的条件下,以资源消耗与占用成本、资源运输与惩罚成本总和为目标函数,建立应急资源配置与路径规划的集成问题模型,并采用遗传粒子群混合算法对问题进行求解。根据遗传优化得到的应急资源配置方案,借助应急工作流网计算各动作库所、状态库所的时间参数,以此作为约束条件利用嵌套的粒子群算法进行资源运输策略优化。     

改进MDSMOTE与PSO-SVM在汽车组合仪表分类预测中的应用

汽车组合仪表生产过程中质检项目多且检测时间长,这在一定程度上制约了其生产效率的进一步提升。为此,提出一种基于改进最远点合成少数类过采样技术（max distance synthetic minority over-sampling technique,MDSMOTE）的支持向量机（support vector machine, SVM）分类预测方法。首先,结合专家经验对汽车组合仪表的原始生产数据进行特征筛选,并在MDSMOTE中引入类不平衡率I_R,以对所筛选的特征数据进行扩充;然后,利用粒子群优化（particle swarm optimization, PSO）算法对SVM的误差惩罚因子C和核函数参数γ进行优化;最后,建立优化的SVM分类预测模型,并对汽车组合仪表进行分类。通过与其他分类预测模型在不同数据集上的预测结果进行对比可知,基于改进MDSMOTE的SVM分类预测模型的准确率、F值和几何平均值等评价指标均优于其他模型。所提出方法在汽车仪表产品分类上表现出较强的泛化能力和稳定性,可为仪表制造企业生产效率的提升提供有效参考。     

基于逆优化的煤矿生产物流系统安全资源配置研究

常规的煤矿安全资源优化配置模型较少从资源配置模型本身考虑,尤其是优化后的安全状态无法达到安全需求时往往通过增加资源投入量的途径实现安全状态的进一步提升,这无形中增大了企业的负担。基于此,首先以安全度最大为目标函数,结合煤矿安全生产限制条件构建物流系统安全资源配置优化模型,在此基础上运用双层规划方法将原始模型转化为逆优化模型并求解,同时通过实例分析对该方法进行验证。结果表明逆优化方法在安全资源总量固定情况下对提升煤矿安全度具有显著的效果,为安全资源配置优化提供了新的思路。     

基于着色Petri网的钢结构施工过程仿真研究

根据着色Petri网理论,利用着色token代表不同的资源,并通过分级建模的方法,建立钢结构施工过程的仿真模型;以实验数据为依据确定模型中的随机变量,通过仿真运算得到施工工期、设备利用率以及施工中各资源数量对两者的影响程度等数据.利用这些数据,可对工程的施工工序及资源配置等进行优化处理.     

基于质量成本的单步生产流程检验策略

以Oppermann的基于SPC的质量成本模型为基础，通过在生产流程中综合应用统计质量检验、质量成本优化的基本思想和方法，得出了基于质量成本优化的单步生产流程产品不合格率和产品检验之间的关系。建立了一个通用的不合格率一产品检验模型，并指出其具体应用方法，通过建立这种可操作性的检验策略，帮助企业解决质量成本管理理论与企业微观实践相脱节的问题．进而实现低成本生产高质量产品的目的。     

一类制造与包装流程的仿真优化

生产-包装过程存在多个相互影响的因素,决策过程中需综合考虑以达到最优配置。通过对资源、对象、进程和它们的属性与行为进行计算机仿真,建立了生产-包装过程计算机仿真模型。为获得最优的设备组合和生产排程,可通过成本或利用率等指标优化求解;重复运行模型可找到收敛的最优方案。     

基于MSSA-SVM的电缆隧道故障预警系统设计

为了实现电缆隧道环境的在线监测和故障报警,提高电缆隧道监测系统的智能化水平,提出了一种基于多特征麻雀搜索算法（multi-feature modified sparrow search algorithm, MSSA）优化支持向量机（support vector machines, SVM）的故障预警系统。首先,对故障数据集进行归一化预处理;其次,建立多分类SVM模型,用MSSA对SVM进行参数寻优,从而建立MSSA-SVM模型,并将训练好的MSSA-SVM模型嵌入故障预警系统的数据库服务器中,对实时采集的数据进行在线监测、诊断,并及时报警;最后,通过实验验证了MSSA-SVM模型的有效性,并将其与麻雀搜索算法（sparrow search algorithm, SSA）、灰狼优化算法（grey wolf optimization, GWO）和粒子群算法（particle swarm optimization, PSO）进行对照实验,实验结果表明,MSSA-SVM模型的故障识别准确率最高,其识别准确率可达95%。研究结果为有效提高电缆隧道在线监测的智能性和准确性提供了参考。     

产品开发资源能力测度及优化配置研究

资源管理是产品开发过程管理的重要一环,为了定量描述产品开发资源能力,更好地支持产品开发资源配置和管理,提出了资源能力概念及其测度方法,构建了基于产品开发活动及其实现过程(ProA)的资源能力模型,深入分析了产品开发ProA资源能力描述和资源能力层次结构。通过资源任务能力项RTCI与资源实际能力项RPCI的映射关系,以及资源能力指数RCI的匹配度建立了产品开发过程资源能力的优化配置机制和方法。实例应用表明该资源能力模型与方法能对产品开发资源配置进行有效的管理。     

Development of a production cost estimation framework to support product family design

The main task of a product family designer is to decide the right components/design variables to share among products to maintain economies of scale with minimum sacrifice in the performance of each product in the family. The decisions are usually based on several criteria, but production cost is of primary concern. Estimating the production cost of a family of products involves both estimating the production cost of each product in the family and the costs incurred by common and variant components/design variables in the family. To estimate these costs consistently and accurately, we propose a production cost estimation framework to support product family design based on activity-based costing (ABC), which consists of three stages: (1) allocation, (2) estimation, and (3) analysis. In the allocation stage, the production activities and resources needed to produce the entire products in a family are identified and classified with an activity table, a resource table, and a production flow. To help allocate product data for production, a product family structure is represented by a hierarchical classification of products that form the product family. In the estimation stage, production costs are estimated with cost estimation methods selected based on the type of information available. In the analysis stage, components/design variables possible for product family design are investigated with resource sharing methods through activity analysis. As an example, the proposed framework is applied to estimate the production cost of a family of cordless power screwdrivers that share different components within the family.     

基于粗糙集约简的生产成本决策

成本决策是成本管理的重要环节,为了将先进的人工智能方法融入生产成本决策过程中,并使得决策因素最小化,在深入研究粗糙集理论的基础上,提出了一种新的基于区分矩阵的最小属性约简方法,并详细阐述了该方法的含义和性质,以及算法的搜索策略与执行过程,有效解决了任意相容决策表的最小属性约简问题,并结合现有改进的值约简算法,达到了决策...     

Off-line adaptive optimization of CNC lathe turning

This paper discusses the results obtained from a micro-computer program SIMTUP developed at the National University of Singapore for off-line adaptive optimization of a multi-pass CNC lathe-turning process. An initial estimation based on empirical models is conducted to obtain the total amount of time, cost and resources required for production. These models are to be updated with a view to arriving at new optimal cutting conditions with respect to production time. The optimal cutting conditions are based on the minimum production cost change with respect to production time for a dynamic system, a principle taken into account in SIMTUP. Estimations can be conducted at any stage to re-evaluate the total resources required. The results obtained can be used as effective productivity improvement tools for project management and quality control.     

Multivariate tolerance design using quality loss

The determination of tolerance allocations among design parameters is an integral phase of product/process design. Such allocations are often necessary to achieve desired levels of product performance. We extend our prior research on tolerance allocation by developing both parametric and nonparametric methods for a multivariate set of performance measures that are functions of a common set of design parameters. The parametric method is novel and assumes full information about the probability distribution of design parameter processes. The proposed nonparametric method assumes that only partial information is available and significantly extends prior research by considering a more contemporary and realistic model for manufacturer costs. For both methods we derive economically based models that represent the costs, both internal (supplier) and external (manufacturer), of tolerance allocation under several different process scenarios. These scenarios are based on the manner of disposition of nonconforming product. For the parametric methods we derive tolerance allocation solutions that jointly minimize expected total cost of the supplier and manufacturer. For the nonparametric methods we derive solutions for tolerance allocation that jointly minimizes the maximum expected total cost. An example in the fabrication of a rubber tread compound is used to: (i) demonstrate the implementation of our proposed methodologies for tolerance allocation; (ii) illustrate and compare the nonparametric and parametric methods; land iii) assess the sensitivity of optimal tolerance allocations to changes in process model types, cost coefficient estimates, and manner of disposition of nonconforming product.     

基于线性流程的企业设计项目管理研究

目的 在设计管理理论的基础上细化研究企业设计管理实践内容和具体方式,基于企业设计项目的线性流程特性,将成熟的设计管理方法引入企业产品设计开发领域。方法 以设计项目开展流程为切入点,分析当前企业设计管理主要环节存在的问题。结论 目前设计管理范围从单个部门的设计任务管理演变为跨职能部门的多专业团队设计管理,以基于流程的设计项目为载体,承载企业设计战略的实现。当前产品市场更新速度快,产品设计趋于系统化工程,设计项目因为周期、成本的限制而始终有限投入,对于如何在设计周期内合理调配软、硬件设计资源,提高设计效率、控制各种成本消耗、采用先进的设计项目管理模式显得十分迫切,对设计项目管理在企业产品开发中的应用提出若干建议。     

Shipyard production cost structure optimisation model related to product type

Establishing a shipbuilding production cost structure is a fundamental management activity, concerning materials and fabrication. Shipyards compete in world market niches regarding vessel type and dimensions. Therefore, the vessel's market price has a tremendous influence on the shipyard's determination of the price of the vessel offered to buyers. For this reason, shipyard management is forced to concentrate its efforts on production cost structure optimisation in order to achieve the goal of a profitable shipyard. In this paper, a computer-integrated cost structure optimisation model for defining an optimal and profitable vessel production cost structure is presented. Statistical analysis of the data was performed for a sample of tankers, built in selected shipyards. Probabilistic theory was applied and several results, such as expectation for aggregate figures, are presented. Such a tool for obtaining an optimal production cost structure enables shipyard management to carry out more effective decision-making, and also better cost control within model parameters. Furthermore, dynamical control of costing figures for the whole shipbuilding process is possible and has a significant influence on the final results. The mathematical model for achieving an optimal structure of the production costs was verified and tested against a real example of the construction of tankers.     

Dynamic allocation of communicating tasks in computational grids

This paper studies task allocation in computational grids operating in a dynamic and uncertain environment. Computational grids consist of loosely coupled heterogeneous resources or agents with finite buffer capacities. These grids are primarily used to process large-scale applications consisting of several interdependent tasks. The task allocation problem is modeled as an infinite horizon Markov decision process, with the resource service times and the task arrivals following general probability distributions. We explicitly consider the communication cost between agents incurred in coordinating the execution of interdependent tasks. We show that a stationary optimal policy exists for this task allocation problem. Furthermore, we develop an action elimination procedure for reducing the complexity of computational methods in finding the optimal policy. We also present a real-time heuristic policy based on certain structural properties of the problem. Finally, computational results are presented that compare the performance of the heuristic policy with respect to other approaches for allocating tasks in the grid. Results from this paper are also applicable to the task allocation problem in manufacturing and service areas such as distributed design, project management and supplier coalitions.     

Inspection resource assignment in a multistage manufacturing system with an inspection error model

Producing high-quality products at low cost is always one concern for a multi-stage manufacturing system. That is, production costs and inspection efficiency should receive equal importance. Inspection planning to allocate inspection stations should then be performed to manage limited inspection resources during process planning. Product quality and the possible costs can then be concurrently considered when evaluating a manufacturing plan. Except for finite inspection station classes, the limited number of inspection stations of each inspection station class is considered to solve the inspection allocation problem in this research. Rather than utilizing a constant inspection error or a specified inspection error probability distribution determined by previous observations, the inspection allocation problem is solved using relative cost models in which the inspection error model is embedded. The inspection allocation problem can then be solved by practically reflecting the inspection error when tolerances are rapidly changed to satisfy customer requirements. Since determining the optimal inspection allocation plan seems impractical as the problem size becomes quite large, two heuristic methods have been developed by considering the defective rate, manufacturing cost and earliest stage priority in this research. The performance of each method is measured in comparison with the enumeration method that generates the optimal solution. A feasible manufacturing plan can then be determined and confirmed during process planning by concurrently solving the inspection allocation problem.