机械镀Zn-Al合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能研究

为了增强机械镀镀层的耐腐蚀性能,采用机械镀方法,以含铝5%(质量分数)的Zn-Al合金粉为原料,在Q235钢材基体表面制备了Zn-Al合金镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了合金镀层的截面和断面形貌;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析了合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为;通过中性盐雾腐蚀实验分析了合金镀层的耐蚀性,并采用XRD分析了镀层的盐雾腐蚀产物。结果表明,Zn-Al合金镀层由葫芦状的Zn-Al合金颗粒交错互嵌堆积而成,镀层颗粒之间以类似隼接的连接方式搭接“卡锁”;与机械镀Zn层相比,Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀电位正移了209 mV,腐蚀电流密度仅为纯Zn镀层的7.1%左右,极化电阻为纯Zn镀层的14倍;Zn-Al合金镀层的容抗弧半径明显大于纯Zn镀层的弧半径,且Q_dl较纯锌层减小;纯Zn镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间分别为24和362 h,而Zn-Al合金镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间为48和504 h。Zn-Al合金镀层的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能明显优于纯Zn镀层,合金镀层对电荷转移具有更好的抑制作用,且Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀产物结构致密,可增强物理屏蔽功能。     

金属阳极涂层在化工大气环境中的腐蚀行为

为了解化工大气环境对碳钢表面金属阳极涂层的腐蚀性,开展了热喷涂锌、铝、锌铝合金涂层以及热镀锌、渗锌钢在化工大气环境中的曝露腐蚀试验。通过试样的腐蚀形貌、腐蚀速率变化及电化学测试,考察了金属阳极涂层在石油炼化大气环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:化工大气环境腐蚀等级为C4级;喷铝层的腐蚀速率最低;渗锌层的耐蚀性优于热镀锌层。10μm厚热镀锌板耐腐蚀寿命约为4 a,40μm厚热镀锌和渗锌层寿命大于10 a,150μm的喷涂层耐蚀寿命大于30 a。     

Fe和Ce 含量对Galfan合金力学性能及耐蚀性的影响

将真空熔炼的Zn-Fe-Ce中间合金加入到Zn-Al熔池中,制备Zn-5Al-0.1Ce-xFe和Zn-5Al-yCe-0.1Fe合金,分析了Fe和Ce含量对合金显微组织及力学性能的影响,并使用电化学工作站测试了合金的电化学性能。结果表明,在Zn-5Al-0.1Ce合金中Fe含量大于0.02%后会形成颗粒状的FeAl3Znx相。随着Fe含量的增加,FeAl3Znx相和先共晶的η-Zn相增加,Zn-Al共晶组织由层片状向点状转变。添加0.1%以下的Fe可提高Galfan合金的抗拉强度。但随着Fe含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度略有降低,Zn-5Al-0.1Ce-0.02Fe合金的综合力学性能最好。添加0.04%以下的Fe会提升合金耐蚀性。此外,随着Ce含量的增加,Zn-5Al-yCe-0.1Fe合金的抗拉强度有所降低,耐蚀性变化不明显。因此,在生产中需要根据镀层性能要求,严格控制合金液中的Fe和Ce含量。     

Formation of intermetallic phases on 55 wt.%Al–Zn–Si hot dip strip

A study has been conducted to probe the formation of intermetallic phases on steel substrates immersed in 55 wt.%Al–Zn–Si hot dip baths as a function of dipping time and bath silicon content. Two bath compositions containing 1.3 and 1.5 wt.% Si, respectively, combined with two immersion times of 3 and 9 s were studied. It was found that the reaction rate and intermetallic phase formation varied in response to silicon content. Optical microscopy revealed a quantifiable difference in the development of the reaction layer between the two bath compositions. SEM-EDS revealed that the reaction layer that evolved on samples dipped in the 1.5 wt.% silicon bath were comprised of two intermetallic species, -AlFeSi/Fe₂Al₅, whilst in the 1.3 wt.% bath there were three clearly identifiable intermetallic species -AlFeSi/FeAl₃/Fe₂Al_5. A fourth phase appeared to be present in samples immersed in the 1.3 wt.% Si bath that, due to its fine structure, could not be conclusively identified. Experimental results from the literature and from this study have been assessed with reference to the phase stability predicted by MTDATA, a thermodynamic modelling package.     

AZ91D镁合金表面熔盐置换扩散涂层组织及耐腐蚀性能研究

采用AlCl3-NaCl熔盐自发置换扩散工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备镁铝金属间化合物涂层,并利用开路电位、电化学阻抗方法对镁合金及熔盐置换扩散改性处理试样在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行比较研究。结果表明:熔盐自发置换扩散铝涂层在温度为400℃,保温8h的工艺条件下呈现出了明显的分层结构特征。根据组织结构不同,可将其分为:颗粒状形貌的外层和具有网状结构的内层;经表面熔盐自发置换扩散处理后的镁合金试样,腐蚀电位比未改性的AZ91D镁合金大幅提高,膜层阻抗约为未改性的AZ91D镁合金的10倍。     

加热温度与保温时间对铝-硅镀层组织演变的影响

采用扫描电镜观察了钢板表面铝-硅镀层的微观组织,利用热模拟机研究了铝-硅镀层在不同加热温度和保温时间下镀层中合金层厚度的变化规律,利用辉光光谱仪测定了铁元素向合金层中的扩散规律.结果表明:热处理前镀层合金层组织由Fe2Al5二元金属间化合物和Fe2SiAl7三元金属间化合物组成,热处理后镀层合金层组织由Fe2SiAl2...     

Al含量对Zn-xAl-4Sb合金平衡凝固组织的影响

利用SEM、EDS、XRD研究了不同Al含量的Zn-xAl-4Sb(x=0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0)合金在炉冷条件下(冷却速度0.04℃/s)的凝固组织,探讨了Al和Sb以Zn-Al-Sb三元中间合金加入锌液的可能性.结果表明:合金中的Al优先与Sb生成AlSb相;当Al含量小于1.0%时,随着Al含量的增加,合金中AlSb相的量增加,β-Sb3Zn4相逐渐减少;当Al含量为1.0%时,β-Sb3Zn4相消失,合金组织为Zn基体上分布AlSb相;当Al含量大于1.0%时,合金中出现Zn-Al共晶,且共晶的量随Al含量的增加而增多;用Zn-Al-Sb室温下等温截面的富锌角表示了Zn-xAl-4Sb体系的室温相组成.因Al和Sb形成高熔点AlSb相,很难在锌液中溶解,故Al和Sb不宜以Zn-Al-Sb三元中间合金的方式加入.     

Corrosion behaviour of hot dip zinc and zinc-aluminium coatings on steel in seawater

A comparative investigation of hot dip Zn-25Al alloy, Zn-55Al-Si and Zn coatings on steel was performed with attention to their corrosion performance in seawater. The results of 2-year exposure testing of these at Zhoushan test site are reported here. In tidal and immersion environments, Zn-25Al alloy coating is several times more durable than zinc coating of double thickness. At long exposure times, corrosion rate for the Zn-25Al alloy coating remains indistinguishable from that for the Zn-55Al-Si coating of similar thickness in tidal zone, and is two to three times lower than the latter in immersion zone. The decrease in tensile strength suggested that galvanized and Zn-55Al-Si coated steel suffer intense pitting corrosion in immersion zone. The electrochemical tests showed that all these coatings provide cathodic protection to the substrate metal; the galvanic potentials are equal to −1,050, −1,025 and −880 mV (SCE) for zinc, Zn-25Al alloy and Zn-55Al-Si coating, respectively, which are adequate to keep the steel inside the immunity region. It is believed that the superior performance of the Zn-25Al alloy coating is due to its optimal combination of the uniform corrosion resistance and pitting corrosion resistance. The inferior corrosion performance by comparison of the Zn coating mainly results from its larger dissolution rate, while the failure of the Zn-55Al-Si coating is probably related to its higher susceptibility to pitting corrosion in seawater.     

锌浴温度对0.49%Si活性钢热浸镀锌层组织的影响

研究了高硅钢(0.49%Si,质量分数)在不同浸镀温度(440,480,520,560,600℃)和不同浸镀时间(1,3,5,10min)下的热镀锌试样镀层组织,探讨了浸镀温度和浸锌时间对镀层组织的影响。SEM/EDS结果表明:440℃和480℃热镀锌,镀层由薄而连续δ层和破碎的块状ζ相组成,无Γ相。ζ相生长过快,镀层过厚、灰暗、黏附性差,镀层生长主要由界面反应机制控制;520℃热镀锌时,镀层由极薄的Γ层、致密δk层和疏松的δp层组成,镀层生长主要受扩散机制控制;560℃和600℃镀锌时,镀层为Γ层和致密的δ相层,部分δ粒子弥散分布在η层中,镀层生长为扩散机制控制并伴随有显著的δ溶解过程。最佳高温镀锌温度应在520~560℃。     

Analysis of coating layer formedon steel strips during aluminising by hot dipping in Al-Si baths

Abstract

Aluminising of low carbon (0.19 wt-%C) steel was carried out using AI-0, 4, 8, and 12 wt-%Si melts. Different dipping times and melt superheat were used. In all cases, a coating layer was formed which is composed of an intermetallic layer and an aluminium top coat layer. The thickness of the intermetallic layer increased with bath temperature, especially in pure aluminium baths, and decreased with increasing silicon content. Addition of more than 8 wt-%Si to the bath had no detectable effect on the thickness. This thickness X increased with time following the parabolic relationship X =KTⁿ, where the growth rate constant K decreased with silicon content. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that the intermetallic layer is composed of a thick layer of AI₅Fe₂ followed by a much thinner one of Al₃Fe on the aluminium side. In the case of a silicon containing bath, different Al_xFe_ySi_z compounds were identified. The kinetics of the reaction between solid steel and liquid aluminium were studied. In AI-Si baths, the growth rate of the intermetallic layer was lower and its dissolution rate higher compared with a pure aluminium bath. Separation of parts of the layer was also found. Iron loss from the steel strip, especially in the case of AI-Si baths, was partly used in the formation of both the measured and the dissolved layer and partly dissolved in the melt. The growth rate of the layerwas evaluated and the activation energy was found to be 138.46 and 106.65 kJ mol^-1, for pure aluminium and Al-8Si baths respectively.     

钢基热浸镀锌的研究

简要介绍了热浸镀锌的工艺，分析了热浸镀锌时镀层的形成以及浸镀温度对镀层厚度的影响，分析了锌池合金元素对热浸镀锌的影响及硅的反应性问题。     

Si、Sn、Mg对Q235钢在铝浴中腐蚀行为的影响

为降低钢在铝液中的腐蚀,通过对比纯铝、Al-Si、Al-Sn、Al-Mg铝合金熔体静态腐蚀作用下Q235钢/熔体界面的结构、形貌和腐蚀速率,研究了Si、Sn、Mg元素对Q235在铝合金熔体中静态腐蚀的影响。结果表明:Q235在不同铝合金熔体中均发生腐蚀,表面均形成Fe_2Al_5金属间化合物层,在铝液中添加Si可以使形成的Fe_2Al_5层由舌状转变为平板状,减小Fe_2Al_5层厚度,并显著减缓腐蚀速率;添加Sn和Mg不改变Fe_2Al_5层的形态和厚度,减缓腐蚀速率效果不如Si显著;Si、Sn、Mg不改变Fe_2Al_5择优生长的特点;Si降低腐蚀速率的机制是阻塞Fe_2Al_5空位孔道抑制原子扩散;Sn、Mg降低腐蚀速率的机制是占位阻隔减缓扩散速率。     

热浸镀铝20钢换热器管束的镀层结构

对20钢整体热浸镀铝换热器管柬的镀层结构进行了分析,并测定了其镀层的厚度与硬度。分析结果表明,镀层由纯铝层和铁铝合金层组成,镀层均匀且与基体附着良好;镀层厚度为50～125μm,合金层厚度为37～83μm,焊缝处的镀层较母材处的薄;合金层的平均硬度为884．8HV0．02,主要由FeAl3相组成。     

Study of vanadium-based chemical conversion coating on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy

In this study, magnesium alloy (AZ61) was immersed in vanadium containing bath with various conditions, such as the vanadium concentration, immersion time and bath temperature. The results indicate that increase of both vanadium concentration and immersion time produces a thicker conversion layer. However, when immersion time is too long, it will worsen the corrosion resistance due to the increasing of the crack density. The experimental parameter of bath temperature has no significant effect on corrosion resistance. Our results demonstrated that the better corrosion resistance coating can be obtained when the samples are submitted to an immersion in the conversion bath containing NaVO₃ with concentration of 30 g l⁻¹ for 10 min at 80 °C. The presented conversion treatment has its potential to replace the chrome-based conversion coating treatment.     

稀土在氯化物体系电沉积锌-铁合金中的作用

为了研究稀土在电沉积锌-铁合金中对镀层和镀液的作用,通过在镀液中添加LaCl3后,对镀层组分、厚度、耐蚀性的改变,镀液稳定性、分散力以及阴极极化作用的影响进行了研究.结果发现,稀土的加入有利于提高镀液稳定性、分散能力和减薄镀层,使锌-铁合金镀层的耐蚀性在中性5%NaCl溶液中有较大提高.研究表明,稀土盐的加入能改善镀液性能,改变镀层成分和锌-铁合金电沉积的阴极极化行为,同时提高镀层的耐腐蚀性.     

镁合金磷化工艺及磷化膜性能的研究

为了有效提高镁合金表面涂层的防护能力,研制了特定的配方体系对AZ31D镁合金基体进行磷化处理,并进行涂装和性能检测试验.结果表明,该配方体系能制备出表观均匀、细致的磷化膜,金相显示其晶粒均匀.该磷化膜与有机涂层的结合力牢固,用划格法测定膜与环氧涂层甚至与丙烯酸涂层的附着力均能达到1级,而没有磷化膜的金属基体与丙烯酸涂层的附着力仅能达到2级.通过48 h中性盐雾试验表明,有磷化膜的涂层比没有磷化膜的涂层的耐腐蚀性能有所提高.     

全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺研究

研究出了一种新型不含铅的全光亮化学镀镍工艺,获得了全光亮的镍磷合金镀层.通过试验分析镀液中添加剂、无机盐、主盐、施镀时间、pH值和施镀温度对化学镀镍磷合金层光亮度的影响;检测了有关性能.结果表明:所得化学镀镍磷合金镀层的光亮度、耐蚀性等性能优于常规化学镀镍磷合金镀层.CuSO4、TaSO4无机盐的添加使溶液稳定性(氯化钯稳定试验)从30 s提高到90 s,同时也提高了化学镀镍磷合金镀层耐蚀性,在5%NaCl溶液中的年腐蚀量从1.1 mg/cm2降为0.     

激光熔敷Ti5Si3/NiTi2复合材料涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ti-Si-Ni合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在BT9钛合金表面制备出了以金属间化合物Ti5Si3为增强相，以NiTi2为基体的Ti5Si3/NiTi2金属间化合物快速凝固耐磨复合材料涂层，Ti5Si3/NiTi2合材料涂层的硬度高，组织均匀，致密，与基材之间为完全冶金结合，在干滑动磨损试验条件下具有很好的耐磨性。     

钢基表面热镀锌镁合金镀层及其耐蚀性能研究

采用电解活化助镀剂法在A3钢基表面制得了镁含量为0.3%～2.0%(质量分数,下同)的热镀锌镁合金镀层,对各种成分的锌镁合金镀层进行了电化学测试和中性盐雾实验,并通过电子扫描显微镜观察了镀层的表面形貌.结果表明,在镁含量小于2%的范围内,随着镁含量的增大,热镀锌镁合金镀层的耐蚀性能逐渐提高,但提高的幅度逐渐降低;随着镁含量的增大,镀层晶粒不断细化,组织结构趋于均匀;镁元素主要分布于晶界,起到细化晶粒的作用.     

Effect of temperature and reactivity of molten 55Al–Zn alloy on Co based alloy coatings

Abstract

The short service life of bearings in galvanising industry is a result of a complex set of deterioration mechanisms. This work addressed the effect of temperature and molten bath reactivity on the material of the bearings respectively. Three commercial alloys, the Co–Cr–W Stellite 6 and Co–Cr–Mo–Si Tribaloy (T400 and T800) alloy systems, were deposited by plasma transferred arc on AISI 316L plates. Coatings were evaluated for the effect of temperature exposure on hardness, microstructure and sliding abrasive wear. The reactivity with the molten 55Al–Zn alloy was assessed by immersion tests in an industrial bath. Results showed that exposure at 600°C for 168 h resulted in an increase in hardness, microstructure changes and loss of wear resistance for the Stellite 6 coatings. A superior performance to temperature was shown by Tribaloy T800 with a stable abrasive wear resistance. The three alloys exhibited a strong reactivity with the 55Al–Zn molten bath. An intermetallic layer formed on the coatings as the Al from the bath reacted with elements from the Co based alloys. This reactivity consumed the coatings, causing a reduction on thickness particularly on those processed with the T800 alloy.