稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

WC和Al2O3对氩弧熔覆FeAlCoCrCuTi0.4高熵合金涂层组织和耐冲蚀性能影响

利用氩弧熔覆技术制备了FeAlCoCrCuTi_0.4,WC/Al₂O₃-FeAlCoCrCuTi_0.4高熵合金涂层,并通过XRD,SEM,EDS,硬度测试和冲蚀磨损测试等方法,探究了WC和Al₂O₃的添加对FeAlCoCrCuTi_0.4高熵合金涂层显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,通过氩弧熔覆技术所制备的合金涂层表面成形性良好,无孔洞、裂纹等缺陷产生,与基体呈高强度冶金结合.WC和Al₂O₃的添加对涂层稀释率的降低有显著作用.三种涂层都是主要由Bcc相（Fe-Cr固溶体）构成,晶粒以胞状树枝晶形式存在.添加WC后,晶粒细化明显,在各种强化作用下涂层硬度为685.8 HV.且WC和Al₂O₃的添加显著提高了涂层耐冲蚀磨损性能,耐磨性几乎可以达到FeAlCoCrCuTi_0.4高熵合金涂层的2倍.     

CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的相稳定性

通过分析CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金在1000、800和600℃退火后的组织和结构,研究了该合金的相稳定性。结果显示:CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金退火前为FCC单相固溶体,1000℃×72h退火后合金的组织和结构无变化;800℃退火后合金中析出了富含Cr元素的层片状第二相,析出相主要分布在晶界处;600℃退火试样析出了富Mn相。基于吉布斯自由能的热力学分析表明,合金体系的构型熵在高温时能够维持CoCrFeMnNi合金相结构的稳定性,中低温时会有第二相析出,因此CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金不能视作绝对稳定相。     

Y2O3添加方式对WC-10%Co硬质合金性能的影响

现代金属切削技术的发展对效率与成本提出了更高的要求,硬质合金刀具材料需要更长的使用寿命、更高的稳定性来满足需求。本文采用低压烧结法制备了WC-Co类硬质合金,研究了Y₂O₃及其添加方式对硬质合金显微结构、物理力学性能和切削性能的影响。结果表明：Y₂O₃通过形成弥散相可以使硬质合金在维持现有优异的宏观物理性能的基础上,显著提升耐磨性及切削寿命。同时,通过使用Y(NO3)3作为前驱体受热分解为Y₂O₃的方式进行弥散强化还会伴随着固溶强化效应,使得材料的切削性能得到进一步提升。在达到0.3 mm的失效磨损量时,未添加Y₂O₃的样品失效时间为14 min,直接添加Y₂O₃的样品失效时间为16 min,,添加Y(NO3)3作为前驱体的样品失效时间为28 min。     

稀土氧化钇对高强度钢焊条熔敷金属组织和性能影响

基于Ni-Cr-Mo-V合金体系,研究了稀土氧化钇对800 MPa高强度钢焊条焊缝微观组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Y₂O₃含量在0~0.02%范围内变化时,随着Y₂O₃含量的增加,焊缝熔敷金属组织中先共析铁素体逐渐降低,针状铁素体含量逐渐增加,强度和低温冲击韧性均逐渐增加,且当Y₂O₃含量为0.02%时,焊缝熔敷金属低温冲击韧性达到最大值;当Y₂O₃含量超过0.02%时,焊缝熔敷金属组织中针状铁素体含量下降,低温冲击韧性降低.综合考虑上述因素,该高强度钢焊条中Y₂O₃最佳添加量为0.02%左右.     

不同Y2O3含量的YSZ块体材料在模拟海洋环境下的腐蚀行为研究

针对钇稳定氧化锆(YSZ)材料在海洋环境中易腐蚀的问题，使用放电等离子烧结技术分别制备了5%和12%(质量分数) Y₂O₃稳定的YSZ块体材料，并对块体材料在高低温交替的水蒸气环境中进行腐蚀实验，模拟其作为热障涂层面层材料在海洋环境下使用时的腐蚀情况。分析了YSZ在低温水蒸气老化和高温烧结的交替腐蚀过程中，力学性能的变化以及裂纹的形成和扩展行为。结果表明：对于5%Y₂O₃含量的5YSZ在模拟海洋环境下抗弯强度损失严重，14 d的腐蚀实验使得抗弯强度下降了91.4%。然而对于高Y₂O₃含量的12YSZ材料，其在相同环境下腐蚀相同时间，抗弯强度未有明显变化。Y₂O₃含量高的YSZ具有更强的稳定性，更适合在海洋环境使用。     

纳米结构14Cr-ODS铁素体钢的制备与微观结构

采用机械合金化和热等静压技术制备纳米结构14Cr-ODS铁素体钢,利用SEM,XRD和EDS等手段分析了机械合金化过程中粉末形态和结构的变化以及合金元素的固溶情况,通过TEM研究了14Cr-ODS铁索体钢的微观结构及其在短时高温下的稳定性.结果表明,元素粉末经机械合金化过程中发生反复的冷焊和断裂导致粉末尺寸先增加（0-2 h）后下降（2-70 h）,晶粒尺寸随球磨时间的增加而减小,同时Cr,W和Y₂O₃等固溶入Fe基体中.纳米结构14Cr-ODS钢中存在3种析出相:极高密度的、尺寸在几个纳米的富Y-Ti-O团簇,少量Y₂Ti₂O₇析出相和块状富Cr-Ti相.经1250℃,8 h短时高温热处理后,纳米团簇显示出了良好的稳定性,Y₂Ti₂O₇相的密度增加.     

BaZrO3/Y2O3复合耐火材料制备及其与TiAl合金界面反应研究

使用电熔BaZrO₃耐火材料和Y₂O₃耐火材料复合,在1650℃保温24h烧制成坩埚,感应熔炼制备TiAl合金。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结合能谱仪(EDS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和氧/氮分析仪等手段分析了复合坩埚耐火材料相结构和显微结构,研究了复合耐火材料坩埚与TiAl合金熔体界面反应。结果表明,复合坩埚耐火材料由Zr固溶Y₂O₃和Y掺杂BaZrO₃两相组成,Y₂O₃的引入提高了电熔BaZrO₃耐火材料稳定性。熔解侵蚀作用是复合坩埚耐火材料与TiAl合金熔体界面作用机制,但游离Al_2O_3仍会与分解的BaO反应生成BaAl₂O₄附着在坩埚内壁;熔炼制备TiAl合金锭中氧含量仅为0.0986%(质量分数),与理论计算值相一致,且符合工业用TiAl合金铸锭用氧含量标准,表明了电熔BaZrO₃/Y₂O₃是一种极有潜力的TiAl合金感应熔炼制备用耐火材料。     

Y2O3对原位自生TiC增强Ni基涂层组织和性能影响

采用氩弧熔覆的方法,以Ni60A自熔性合金粉末为粘结相,添加Ti粉、C粉和不同含量的稀土氧化物Y₂O₃,在16Mn钢基体上制备出TiC陶瓷颗粒增强金属基熔覆涂层. 运用XRD, SEM等手段对复合涂层的显微组织进行表征和分析,并对熔覆涂层的硬度及耐磨性进行了测试. 结果表明,适量添加Y₂O₃可以使涂层组织中枝晶的方向性减弱、同时细化涂层组织,使涂层组织更加均匀,涂层的硬度和耐磨性有显著提高. 添加2% Y₂O₃熔覆涂层的组织为最细,涂层具有较高的显微硬度和良好的耐磨性能.     

Y2O3/Sn-58Bi复合钎料制备及其性能分析

文中通过粉末冶金法制备了Y₂O₃/Sn-58Bi复合钎料.结果表明,添加少量Y₂O₃,对复合钎料熔点影响较小;随着Y₂O₃质量分数提高,复合钎料的密度和显微维氏硬度先升高后降低;复合钎料的润湿角表现出相反的趋势,随着Y₂O₃质量分数提高,复合钎料的润湿角先降低后升高.通过测试Sn-58Bi钎料和0.1%（质量分数）Y₂O₃/Sn-58Bi复合钎料拉伸试样的力学性能发现,添加质量分数为0.1%的Y₂O₃对复合钎料强度稍有提高,但能明显提高复合钎料的延展性,从而解决传统Sn-58Bi钎料较脆的难题.通过观察钎料拉伸断口发现,添加Y₂O₃能够细化复合钎料微观组织,使裂纹沿着断裂方向扩展时受到阻碍,抑制了钎料脆性断裂的趋势.     

Relative effects of enthalpy and entropy on the phase stability of equiatomic high-entropy alloys

High configurational entropies have been hypothesized to stabilize solid solutions in equiatomic, multi-element alloys which have attracted much attention recently as “high-entropy” alloys with potentially interesting properties. To evaluate the usefulness of configurational entropy as a predictor of single-phase (solid solution) stability, we prepared five new equiatomic, quinary alloys by replacing individual elements one at a time in a CoCrFeMnNi alloy that was previously shown to be single-phase [1]. An implicit assumption here is that, if any one element is replaced by another, while keeping the total number of elements constant, the configurational entropy of the alloy is unchanged; therefore, the new alloys should also be single-phase. Additionally, the substitute elements that we chose, Ti for Co, Mo or V for Cr, V for Fe, and Cu for Ni, had the same room temperature crystal structure and comparable size/electronegativity as the elements being replaced to maximize solid solubility consistent with the Hume–Rothery rules. For comparison, the base CoCrFeMnNi alloy was also prepared. After three-day anneals at elevated temperatures, multiple phases were observed in all but the base CoCrFeMnNi alloy, suggesting that, by itself, configurational entropy is generally not able to override the competing driving forces that also govern phase stability. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out for each of the constituent binaries in the investigated alloys (Co–Cr, Fe–Ni, Mo–Mn, etc.). Our experimental results combined with the thermodynamic analyses suggest that, in general, enthalpy and non-configurational entropy have greater influences on phase stability in equiatomic, multi-component alloys. Only when the alloy microstructure is a single-phase, approximately ideal solid solution does the contribution of configurational entropy to the total Gibbs free energy become dominant. Thus, high configurational entropy provides a way to rationalize, after the fact, why a solid solution forms (if it forms), but it is not a useful a priori predictor of which of the so-called high-entropy alloys will form thermodynamically stable single-phase solid solutions.     

Effect of Cr on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Nb-20Ti-16Si-xCr Alloys

The present paper reported the phase stability and microstructures evolution of Nb-20Ti-16Si-xCr (x = 0～20at.%) in-situ composites as function of Cr addition. It was suggested that with the addition of Cr less than 7%, the silicide phase in as-cast Nb-20Ti-16Si alloy was Nb3Si. The silicides changed to be α-Nb5Si3 by the addition of Cr above 7%. It was found that annealing of 1300 ℃ for 100 h could result in the decomposition of Nb3Si to NbSS and α-Nb5Si3 in Cr containing Nb-20Ti-16Si based alloys by means ...     

Nature of CoCrFeMnNi/Fe and CoCrFeMnNi/Al Solid/Solid Interface

To shed light into the application potential of high-entropy alloys as "interlayer" materials for Al-steel solid-state joining,we investigated the nature of the CoCrFeMnNi/Fe and CoCrFeMnNi/Al solid/solid interfaces,focusing on the bonding behav-ior and phase components.Good metallurgical bonding without the formation of hard and brittle IMC can be achieved for CoCrFeMnNi/Fe solid/solid interface.In contrast to the formation of Al5Fe2 phase at the Fe/Al interface,Al13Fe4-type IMC,in which the Fe site is co-occupied equally by Co,Cr,Fe,Mn and Ni,dominates the CoCrFeMnNi/Al interface.Although the formation of IMC at the CoCrFeMnNi/Al interface is not avoidable,the thickness and hardness of the Al13(CoCrFeMnNi)4 phase formed at the CoCrFeMnNi/Al interface are significantly lower than the Al5Fe2 phase formed at the Fe/Al interface.The activation energies for the interdiffusion of Fe/Al and CoCrFeMnNi/Al static diffusion couple are 341.6 kJ/mol and 329.5 kJ/mol,respectively.Despite this similarity,under identical static annealing condition,the interdiffusion coefficient of the CoCrFeMnNi/Al diffusion couple is significantly lower than that of the Fe/Al diffusion couple.This is thus mainly a result of the reduced atomic mobility/diffusivity caused by the compositional complexity in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy.     

Mg-5Al-1Sr-2Ca-xY合金组织及力学性能

制备了不同Y含量的Mg-5Al-1Sr-2Ca-xY(x=0,1,2,5)合金试样,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、材料试验机等观察测试合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,未添加Y时,合金晶粒大小不均匀,且多呈柱状,晶内有较多的点状化合物;Y含量1%时,晶粒细化、球化且大小较均匀;Y含量2%时,晶粒趋于柱状;Y含量5%时,晶粒形状不规则、大小极不均匀。随Y含量的增加,室温和高温力学性能呈先升后降趋势,最高点为Y含量1%,其室温和高温抗拉强度分别较无Y合金提高了约33.8%和25.4%。     

退火处理对La1．5Mg0．5Ni7．0贮氢合金相结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了退火温度对A287型La1.5Mg0.5Ni7.0合金的相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明：铸态合金由LaNi，相、LaMgNi4相、（La，Mg）Ni3相以及Gd2Co7型相组成，退火处理后，合金由Gd2Co7型相、Ce2Ni7型相和PuNi3型（La，Mg）Ni3相组成：随着退火温度升高，PuNi3型相的丰度减小，ce2Ni7型相的丰度增加，（La，Mg）Ni3相的a轴参数、c轴参数和晶胞体积均增大；经1073K保温24h退火后，合金电极具有最高的放电容量（391．2mAh／g），退火温度升高，合金的最大放电容量略有降低：合金电极的循环稳定性随着退火温度的升高不断提高，在1173K时合金电极经150次循环后其电极容量保持率C150／Cmax=82％；合金的高倍率放电性能（HRD）随退火温度升高略有增加，在1173K时，合金电极的HRD最好（HRD900=89．0％）；交换电流密度I0、极限电流密度I1及氢扩散系数D随着退火温度的升高而增大。     

退火温度对FeMoCrVTiSix高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

在400、600、800、1100 ℃下对FeMoCrVTiSi_x(x=0、0.3)进行退火处理,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、差热扫描分析仪、显微硬度计、万能试验机等探究了不同退火温度对合金的组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Si元素的添加提高了FeMoCrVTi高熵合金的热稳定性。经过退火处理,FeMoCrVTiSi_x高熵合金的微观组织仍为以BCC固溶相为主的枝晶结构,但在枝晶边缘出现黑色的细小富Ti相,其含量随着退火温度的增加而增多,在1100 ℃下富Ti相回溶。富Ti相的析出提高了合金的硬度,其中,800 ℃退火后试样的硬度达到最大值,FeMoCrVTi试样的硬度达到932 HV0.2,FeMoCrVTiSi_0.3的硬度达到998 HV0.2。     

Effect of heavy cryo-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture during annealing of equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy

The effect of cryo-rolling on the evolution of microstructure and texture during annealing was investigated in equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy. For this purpose the alloy was cold- and cryo-rolled to 90% reduction in thickness followed by annealing at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 1200 °C. The two alloys showed the development of predominantly brass type deformation texture consistent with profuse nano-twin formation reported in this alloy. The cryo-rolled material showed significantly finer grain size after different annealing treatments as compared to the cold-rolled alloy. This could be attributed to finer microstructure in the cryo-rolled material providing greater number of available sites for nucleation. The recrystallization texture of cold- and cryo-rolled materials showed the presence of similar texture components indicating that cryo-rolling had limited effect on the formation of annealing texture. The volume fractions of different texture components did not reveal significant dependence on the annealing temperature. The evolution of texture could be explained on the basis of absence of strong preferential nucleation and growth during annealing.     

Development of Fe−12%Cr mechanical-alloyed nano-sized ODS heat-resistant ferritic alloys

The development of mechanical alloying (MA)-oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) heat-resistant ferritic alloys of Fe?12%Cr with W, Ti and Y₂0₃ additions were carried out. Fe?12%Cr alloys with 3%W, 0.4%Ti and 0.25% Y₂0₃ additions showed a much finer and more uniform dispersion of oxide particles among the alloy system studied. Nano-sized oxides dispersed in the alloys suppress the grain growth during annealing at a high temperature and resulted in the remarkable improvement of creep strength. The oxide phase was identified as a complex oxide type of Y?Ti?O.     

Enhancing the intergranular corrosion resistance of high Mg-alloyed Al–Mg alloy by Y addition

Microalloying is thought to improve the performance of Al–Mg alloys commonly used in transport applications. The effect of Y addition (0–0.4%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloy is investigated for potential use in engineering applications. The generation of the β-Al₃Mg₂ phase along the grain boundaries is suppressed in the as-cast alloy due to the formation of the AlMgY ternary phase. The average intergranular corrosion mass loss of the alloy with 0.1% Y addition decreases about 53.1% almost at no expense of mechanical performance in the as-rolled alloy after annealing. Moreover, the alloy with 0.1% Y addition shows the corrosion mass loss about 30.2% lower than the Y-free alloy in the sensitized state. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the alloy can be ascribed to the reduced β-Al₃Mg₂ precipitation along the grain boundaries associated with Y addition.     

Y2O3对粒状贝氏体堆焊金属相变和力学性能的影响

目的 研究稀土氧化物Y2O3对粒状贝氏体堆焊金属相转变以及力学性能的影响.方法 采用金相显微镜和场发射扫描电镜对堆焊金属的微观组织进行观察,采用金相显微镜观察并统计出奥氏体晶粒度,采用XRD对堆焊金属表面物相进行测定,采用显微硬度计和电子万能试验机测量不同Y2 O3质量分数堆焊金属的硬度和拉伸性能,采用透射电子显微镜对堆焊金属微观结构进行表征.结果 Y2O3能够有效细化堆焊金属的初生奥氏体晶粒,尺寸由51.2μm减小到40.1μm,大块先共析铁素体尺寸明显减小,组织分布均匀,且M/A岛弥散分布.堆焊金属中残余奥氏体相数量随着Y2O3质量分数的增加而逐渐降低,马氏体相体积分数增加.Y2O3的加入明显提升堆焊金属的力学性能,显微硬度由(272±13)HV提升至(312±8)HV;抗拉强度由(764±10)MPa提升至(885±12)MPa,且延伸率增加了4%.结论 Y2 O3的加入能够细化堆焊金属的初生奥氏体晶粒,促进形成均匀细化的粒状贝氏体组织,M/A岛的数量逐渐增加,且M/A岛中马氏体相数量增加,粒状贝氏体堆焊金属的力学性能显著提高.