宝钢化工公司凝结水回收系统的节能效益

简要介绍其蒸汽（工艺用汽和采暖、伴热用汽）凝结水回收系统的设计,重点是回收设备的综合技术经济比较、回收方案的拟定;通过节能分析和成本核算,说明了在蒸汽系统中冷凝水回收的效益是十分可观的。     

浅谈集中供热的调节

热水采暖系统主要由热水锅炉、热水循环泵、补水泵、管网及室内散热器组成。要满足采暖指标,达到采暖用户室内设计温度,除应对锅炉运行参数。燃烧工况进行控制和调整外,还应根据采暖季节。采暖时间等变化情况,对整个供热系统进行热力调节。着重对供热系统的经济运行进行阐述,分析了如何进行供热系统的调节以达到供热的最佳效果和节能降耗的双重目的。     

供热调节技术分析

热水采暖系统主要由热水锅炉、热水循环泵、补水泵、管网及室内散热器组成。要满足采暖指标,达到采暖用户室内设计温度,除应对锅炉运行参数。燃烧工况进行控制和调整外,还应根据采暖季节。采暖时间等变化情况,对整个供热系统进行热力调节。着重对供热系统的经济运行进行阐述,分析了如何进行供热系统的调节以达到供热的最佳效果和节能降耗的双重目的。     

百万机组核电站汽轮机房采暖热指标取值分析研究

通过数据拟合方法分析推算出百万机组核电站汽轮机房采暖估算热指标,并以某寒冷地区核电站常规岛为例,将其计算采暖热负荷值与估算指标进行对比分析,以此得出百万机组核电站常规岛采暖参考热指标值,将为今后同类型汽轮机房采暖设计提供参考和借鉴。     

集中供热系统的调节研究

城市热水采暖系统主要由热水锅炉、热水循环泵、补水泵、管网及室内散热器组成。要满足采暖指标,达到采暖用户室内设计温度,除应对锅炉运行参数。燃烧工况进行控制和调整外,还应根据采暖季节。采暖时间等变化情况,对整个供热系统进行热力调节。着重对供热系统的经济运行进行阐述,分析了如何进行供热系统的调节以达到供热的最佳效果和节能降耗的双重目的。     

浅谈热水锅炉的腐蚀及预防

热水锅炉作为采暖热源具有节约能源、维修费用低、事故率少、安全可靠等优点,是工业生产及日常生活不可或缺的热能供应设备。但是在使用过程中热水锅炉受热面的腐蚀问题普遍存在。本文分析了热水锅炉产生腐蚀的机理、特征和原因,得出了预防和减缓锅炉腐蚀的防治措旆。     

集肤效应电伴热在油气长输管线中的应用

集肤效应电伴热技术可以通过维持油气输送管道中的介质温度来防止混输的油气在输送管线中凝固结蜡,从而保证油气等物料的正常输送,是油气长距离输送领域的发展方向。实践证明,原有的蒸汽伴热系统因其具有运营成本高、运行不稳定、维护繁琐、耗能大等缺点逐渐被集肤效应电伴热系统替代。本文重点则介绍与输油管线相配套的集肤效应电伴热系统的工作原理、集肤效应电伴热用于长距离油气输送管线的优越性以及施工过程中应当注意的问题进行了探讨。     

基于PLC的过程控制系统的设计

首先针对当今发展的工业技术中所采用的PLC技术做一个简单介绍,然后就PLC对工业生产中的过程控制系统作一比较概括性的设计,以求得在工业生产中能用计算机来远程操控或者手动操作控制面板进而控制整个生产过程的目的。     

民用建筑热水采暖系统运行中常见问题分析

目前民用建筑采暖方式多为散热器系统,且层数较多,因此在使用过程中经常出现个别楼层散热器不热现象,现对散热器不热问题进行原因分析如下。     

LD7铝合金过烧组织的研究

LD7合金是Al-Cu-Mg-Fe-Ni系热强铝合金,一般在锻造后经530℃淬火+180℃/16小时人工时效状态下使用。这样高的固溶温度在热处理过程中,常常因炉温控制失灵或其它原因使铝合金锻件出现“过烧”。轻微的过烧在常规机械性能上是很难反映出来的,而显微组织的变化却十分敏感。因而用金相方法来检查过烧是工业生产中较为普遍的手段之一。     

Assessment of Mechanical and Optical Properties of Al 6060 Alloy Particles by Removal of Contaminants

The use of aluminum as a light-weight construction material in automotive engineering has increased steadily in recent years among other sectors. However, the production of primary aluminum requires significantly more energy than the production of steel, which motivates the recycling of existing aluminum components. Based on the results of past investigations, this interdisciplinary study expands the potential applications of a friction-induced solid-state recycling process to reduce the amount of energy, which is needed in the aluminum production and thus also to reduce the CO₂ footprint of the industrial sector. To increase the processability of different conditions of the aluminum chips, a chemical pretreatment was performed to remove an applied cooling lubricant. This study shows that under the use of the chemical cleaning method presented here, it is possible to improve the mechanical properties significantly.     

The extended resource task network: a framework for the combined scheduling of batch processes and CHP plants

The issue of energy has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing mankind. In an industrial perspective, the development of site utility systems (generally combined heat and power (CHP) systems) for the generation and management of utilities provides a great potential source for energy savings. However, in most industrial sites, a master–slave relationship usually governs this kind of system and limits the potential operating capacity of CHP. To improve the decision-making process, Agha et al. (2010. Integrated production and utility system approach for optimising industrial unit operation. Energy, 35, 611–627) have proposed an integrated approach that carries out simultaneous and consistent scheduling of batch production plants and site utility systems. The modelling of the problem relies on a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. Nevertheless, although it is a powerful mathematical tool, it still remains difficult to use for non-expert engineers. In this framework, a graphical formalism based on existing representations (STN, RTN) has been developed: the extended resource task network (ERTN). Combined with an efficient and generic MILP formulation, it permits various kinds of industrial problems, including production and consumption of utility flows to be modelled homogenously. This paper focuses on the semantic elements of the ERTN formalism and illustrates their use through representative examples.     

PC-Based Monitoring and Control System for Microwave Curing of Polymer Composites

Microwave, curing is increasingly being considered as an economically viable process in the production of polymer composite parts. Nevertheless, the improper control of microwave energy for industrial production, especially for the processing of thick laminates, can lead to quality problems such as the formation of voids, non-uniform heating, and over curing. In this paper, the design and development of Cure-Control for the monitoring and control of the microwave curing of polymer composite components is discussed. In particular, this paper discusses some of the quality and production issues, as well as the control of the process parameters such as pressure, temperature and the rate of power intensity. Preliminary experiments confirm the viability of the Cure-Control system in the monitoring and controlling the curing of polymer composite components. The work has the potential of being commercialised on a large-scale, on-line basis.     

湿度调节及加湿模式的探讨

分析了湿度对人的舒适感、工业生产过程、卫生安全和食品贮藏的影响,阐述了空气调节过程中加湿的必要性,并对加湿装置组合方式进行了研讨.结果表明,通过采用不同的组合模式进行湿度调节,可以改善室内热环境的同时达到节能的目的.     

Fundamental Theories and Key Technologies for Smart and Optimal Manufacturing in the Process Industry

Given the significant requirements for transforming and promoting the process industry, we present the major limitations of current petrochemical enterprises, including limitations in decision-making, production operation, efficiency and security, information integration, and so forth. To promote a vision of the process industry with efficient, green, and smart production, modern information technology should be utilized throughout the entire optimization process for production, management, and marketing. To focus on smart equipment in manufacturing processes, as well as on the adaptive intelligent optimization of the manufacturing process, operating mode, and supply chain management, we put forward several key scientific problems in engineering in a demand-driven and application-oriented manner, namely: ① intelligent sensing and integration of all process information, including production and management information; ② collaborative decision-making in the supply chain, industry chain, and value chain, driven by knowledge; ③ cooperative control and optimization of plant-wide production processes via human-cyber-physical interaction; and ④ life-cycle assessments for safety and environmental footprint monitoring, in addition to tracing analysis and risk control. In order to solve these limitations and core scientific problems, we further present fundamental theories and key technologies for smart and optimal manufacturing in the process industry. Although this paper discusses the process industry in China, the conclusions in this paper can be extended to the process industry around the world.     

The analysis of feature-based measurement error in coordinate metrology

Coordinate measurement systems (CMSs) dominate the dimensional control and diagnostics of various manufacturing processes. However, CMSs have inherent errors caused by the lack of a tracing ability for some of the measured part features. This is important for product inspection and process variation reduction in a number of automated manufacturing systems, such as for example the automotive body assembly process. The lack of a feature tracing ability means that instead of measuring a given feature, the CMS may actually measure the area around the selected feature. In this paper, a principle for the part feature tracing ability and the resultant feature-based measurement error analysis are developed to estimate the aforementioned deficiencies in the CMSs. The impact of feature type and part(s) positional variation on the feature-based measurement error is explored. The proposed approach is applicable to both contact and non-contact CMSs including both mechanical and optical coordinate measuring machines An analysis of the error for different measurement algorithms is presented. We show that the developed feature-based measurement error can have a significant impact on the measurement accuracy and hence on process control and the diagnostic algorithms currently used in manufacturing. A feature-based error map and error compensation approach are also developed and presented. Simulations, experimental results and two industrial case studies illustrate the proposed method.     

工业炸药有关设备运转过程中的能量与安全

文章以撞击感度和摩擦感度的能量为依据,对工业炸药的有关设备,在作业过程中的能量与安全做了分析比较,以能量的观点分析了设备在运转中的安全性问题,具有一定的参考价值。     

Influence of particle packed pattern on the transient granular flow in a wedge-shaped hopper

A hopper has very wide and vital applications in handing the granular materials in daily life and industrial production, and the full understanding of the granular flow inside a hopper is of great importance to control and optimize the discharge process. By employing experimental and numerical methods, the influence of particle packed pattern on the transient granular flow is investigated in terms of the particle-scale kinetics and structure. For the mono-sized particles packed pattern, despite the similar particle-scale structure, smaller particles achieve greater kinetic energy conversion efficiency, which helps shorten the discharge time. For the binary-sized particles uniform mixing pattern, the interaction between particles increases the individual kinetic energy and transient average coordination number (CN) of large particles, while decreases that of small ones. Then the in-between kinetic energy and the disperse structure are reached. For the layer by layer mixing pattern, the strong percolation effect caused by the upper small particles hinders the increase of the individual kinetic energy at the beginning of the discharge process, and the transient average CN at the layer interface abruptly reaches 8. By contrast, when the small particles are placed at the bottom, more particles are active in the larger space, and subsequently, a looser structure is achieved in a shorter period.     

Standardised product development for technology integration of additive manufacturing

ABSTRACT

The implementation of additive manufacturing (AM) as an industrial production process poses extraordinary challenges to companies due to the far-reaching differences to conventional processes. In addition, there are hardly any standards and guidelines or methodical process models for the relatively new technologies that enable the reproducible and target-oriented use of AM. In order to solve this problem, five industrial companies together with the Paderborn University are researching as part of the ‘OptiAMix’ research project funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). This paper focuses on the development of an ideal process chain. Reference processes of the OptiAMix partners were analysed, norms and standards from conventional production were adapted and implemented and procedure models developed OptiAMix were integrated. The resulting AM Product Development Process was then applied and validated with the aid of a previously developed integration methodology using an example component from the automotive industry.     

聚合物吸能材料改性方法研究进展

目的 进一步提升聚合物吸能材料的吸能性能,促进聚合物吸能材料的研究与推广应用。方法 在对常见聚合物吸能材料进行分类的基础上,研究国内外聚合物吸能材料的改性效果,系统梳理不同类型聚合物吸能材料的改性方法,明确改性过程中存在的主要问题,对比分析不同改性方法的优缺点。结论 现有聚合物吸能材料在改性剂、制备工艺和改性方法上存在不足,对于改性剂的使用,需针对特定性能选择不同功能的改性剂,并添加合适的相容剂,以解决相容性差的问题。将来还需进一步加强对改性剂和基体相互作用机理的了解,研发新型功能化材料;对于改性方法的选择,需针对不同的加工条件和生产数量选择合适的制备工艺和方法,未来还应探索更多新技术和改性方法,以提高工业化生产速度。