浙江省2000年春茧茧质通报

通过 2 0 0 0年浙江省春茧 32 0个庄口的茧质汇总 ,对蚕茧主产区的茧质情况进行了通报 ,并作了比较分析。     

浅谈飞宇系列自动缫丝机对茧质的要求

不同的机型对茧质有不同要求，本文分析了飞宇系列自动缫丝机对茧质的要求，并从蚕的饲养、蔟中管理、收烘等方面提出了改进茧质应采取的措施。     

简讯报道

1997年浙江省缫丝质量工作仁义在杭召开丽音为提高生丝质量，促进缫丝业发展，8月19－21日浙江省丝绸联合公司在杭州组织召开了全省缫丝质量工作会议。全省主要缫丝企业、各地县丝绸公司及浙江省商检局、第三茧质检定所等有关单位均派员参加了会议。会议期间，省公司王象礼副总经理对全国丝绸行业形势作了扼要分析介绍；第三茧质检定所、省商检局、省公司出口部有关人员分别介绍了新茧茧质、新茧生丝质量及当前生丝出口情况；中丝三厂、浙丝一厂、浙丝二厂、嘉丝联及嵊州丝厂等骨干企业的代表介绍了其新茧茧质和相应生产工艺对策。应邀出度…     

2006年度浙江省干茧质量检验结果分析

2006年浙江省第三茧质检定所对全省蚕茧主产市县茧丝公司所送检的庄口样茧，按照GB／T9111—1988《桑蚕茧（干茧）检验方法》、GB／T9176—1988《桑蚕茧（干茧）分级和检验方法》进行了检验，笔者根据干茧质量检验结果做一分析。     

应用数模评茧技术提高蚕茧质量

依据现代数理统计理论,从探讨茧质指标与缫丝性状的相关关系入手,运用多种统计手段,以众多的茧质指标中与主要缫丝性状密切相关的茧质指标作为自变量;将蚕茧的缫丝计价价格作为因变量,经多元回归分析,建立了蚕茧快速计价数学模型,所得到的回归方程式经F检验均达到极显著水平,证明本方法能够全面反映蚕茧内在质量。文中介绍了数模评茧技术的应用方法及操作流程,以及经过六年来三个试点的应用效果和社会经济效益分析。     

今年浙江春茧概况

省试样工作开始不久,现就已整理出的部分资料,对今年春茧茧质作一初步分析,供大家参考。今年春茧总的情况是,茧纤度全省性增粗,尴尬纤度比例扩大,嘉兴地区茧质下降;绍兴、宁波地区茧质略有提高。由于嘉兴地区是浙江的主要产茧区,有举足轻重的     

毛脚茧对丝质的危害

1983年春期,笔者曾于无锡县后乔茧站作了有关茧质项目的专题调研,其中着重对毛脚茧进行了较全面的调试。通过实际观察、试验,逐项分析,进一步证实了毛脚茧对丝质的危害,现将有关调查资料(见表1、2、3)和试验所得情况介绍如下。根据对比试验成绩可知,毛脚茧与正常茧之间的差异是明显的,对其从多方面影响丝质的因素分析如下。     

茧质数据与减压煮茧蒸煮温度的关联性分析

煮茧是制丝的关键工序,煮茧质量影响着生丝质量、产量、茧耗完成水平,煮茧工艺参数包含渗透、吐水、蒸煮、调整保护过程中的温度和时间等,其中蒸煮温度对煮熟程度起到重要作用,而蒸煮的温度设计主要依据茧质指标解舒率、茧层率测试数据,设置好工艺后,根据现场生产情况及质量检测情况做相应调整修正,以达到煮茧工艺最佳化.分析蚕茧茧质数据...     

对引进“茧检定”设备的消化、吸收、仿制

前言鉴于我国现行桑蚕茧评茧标准不能充分体现“优质优价,劣质低价”的价格政策,为改变这一状况,提高茧质,省科委于1982年列了省重大科技攻关项目——桑蚕茧茧质评定标准及设备与仪器的研究。该项目分两部分进行:茧质评定标准,采取“组合售茧、收购鲜茧、缫丝计价”的标准与方法,即茧检定法;设备与仪器的研究,将引进日本的茧检定设备并进行“消化、吸收、仿制”,以加快这一攻关项目的进程。茧质评定标准及收购方法已按照浙江省科委(82)074号文件批准的计划任务书要求,从1982年开始,为时三年,在湖州市下昂乡的部分村进行对外试套,并于1984年4月份组织全国主要茧丝专家进行审定。专家们一致认为,该研究项目提供的有关材料、数据和结论正确,效益显著,方法可行。对     

“组合售茧缫丝计价”成效显著

浙江省第三茧质检定所围绕着“公正、迅速、准确”的茧检定方针,较好地完成了春、夏两期的茧检定工作。现将检定结果,即推广乡镇的方格簇茧与面上蜈蚣簇的茧质     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.