《工业酶制剂的命名和分类规定》建议稿

近年来,国内酶制剂工业迅速发展,国外酶制剂产品也纷纷进入中国市场,虽品种增加了,扩大了应用范围,但是酶制剂工业的发展中也出现了一些不可忽视的问题,如:产品名称不统一、分类不规范、技术经济指标统计混乱等。为此,中国发酵工业协会为了加强行业管理,委托酶制剂分会起草了一份《工业酶制剂的命名和分类规定》建议稿。 其中,为国内生产或将生产的工业酶及国外进入我国市场的工业酶进行分类并规范命名,详见表1。     

我国工业酶制剂年产量目前已达120万吨

正中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所和中国科学院成都文献情报中心联合发布的《中国生物工业投资分析报告2016》。这份报告显示,近年来我国酶制剂工业保持了持续较快增长的态势,年产量目前已达120万吨,年增长率保持在10%左右。酶制剂是一种生态型高效催化剂,具有高效、安全、节能、生态和环保等特点。近年来我国酶制剂发展很快,品种越来越多,应用技术越来越深入。报告显示,2015年,全球工业酶制剂市场产值     

工业酶制剂的发展与应用研究

对工业酶制剂的发展历史和应用现状进行了系统的综述,分析了工业酶的分类、基本特性、生产工艺及固定化技术,总结了多种工业环节中应用的酶种类及其作用。同时结合近年来生物信息学、蛋白质工程和定向进化技术的革新,论述了工业酶制剂在清洁剂工业、淀粉转化、纺织、饲料工业、食品工业、有机合成等方面的具体应用及前景,为进一步开发和利用工业酶制剂提供了参考依据。此外,针对工业酶制剂结构和生产的复杂性等限制性因素进行分析,对工业酶制剂的工艺优化和质量控制提出展望。     

我国酶制剂工业取得长足发展

酶制剂工业是生物工程的重要组成部分,我国酶制剂工业目前已取得长足进步.     

蛋白酶活力

<正>自上世纪70、80年代我国进入改革开放以来,工业技术、科技创新、人民生活水平得到了飞速进展,酶制剂工业和酶制剂的生产也得到蓬勃发展。为适应当时的形势,曾在北京上海、广州、石家庄、无锡、南宁等地举办过多期酶制剂讲习班和培训班,培养了大量科研与工程技术人员。特别是蛋白酶的活力测定,是各种班的重点。因为不管是蛋白酶研究和生产单位,以及各蛋白酶使用单位,都毫无疑问     

饲用酶制剂——饲料添加剂工业新的增长点

饲用酶制剂作为一类高效、无毒副作用的“绿色”饲料添加剂,在国外的商业化应用已有十余年的历史。在我国,饲用酶制剂虽也有7年的商业化应用,但市场还远未打开,其关键原因是生产和应用部门之间脱节。今后,发酵、生物技术专家和饲料、营养方面的专家应加强合作,共同推动我国饲用酶制剂工业的发展。     

酶制剂将以2位数增长

由于技术进步和市场扩大,酶制剂工业正在发生重大变化,许多传统的用途已经饱和,新的工业和专项应用显示出巨大的潜力。据报道,1990年美国酶制剂市场规模总计为6亿多美元,1991年为6.74亿美元,1995年专用酶制剂将占主导地位。到2000年,随着新用途和新技术的先后问世,包括专用酶制剂和工业酶制剂在内的美国酶制剂销售额将达到11亿美元以上,年均增长率高达13.5％。 1990年传统工业如食品、饮料、纺织品、皮革和造纸工业的酶制剂消费额为1.9亿美元,目前,酶制剂在传统工业尤其是食品工业和饮料工业中的应用已经饱和,新的应用领域已经出现。商业通讯公司估计,老领域的酶制剂消费额1991年和1995年将分别达1.948亿美元和2.154亿美元,年平均增长率为2.5％。含酶洗涤剂将日益受到欢迎,洗涤剂用酶的消费额将从1990年的7500万美元增加到1995年的1.2亿美元,年均增长率为10％。用于洗涤剂工业的新型酶制剂不断推出,与此同时,洗涤剂生产厂家开始复配与酶制剂相容的新型洗涤用品。 1990年用于废水处理的酶制剂的消费额为3300万美元。由于对环境保护的日益关心,废水处理用酶制剂消费额将增加到1995年的     

我国酶制剂工业的差距

我国酶制剂工业虽取得了较大的成绩,但是与国外先进水平相比,还有较大的差距,表现在如下几方面:1.品种少,产品结构不合理我国现有近百家工厂生产酶制剂,除少数厂生产的酶制剂品种较多之外,其他厂生产的品种单一。全国糖化酶的产量一直占酶总产量的60％以     

浅谈我国酶制剂工业的发展

我国于1965年建立了第一个专业化的酶制剂工厂。经过三十几年的发展,我国的酶制剂工业已经取得了一定的成绩,但是同国际先进水平比,仍然存在很大的差距,因此,我们要及时调整产品结构,拓宽应用领域,赶超世界先进水平。     

酶制剂浓缩方法研究进展

目前酶制剂生产过程中常用的浓缩方法存在工艺复杂、能耗较高、成本高昂等缺点, 并成为酶制剂工业进一步发展的关键步骤。本文综述了蒸发、超滤、吸附和冷冻等常用的酶制剂浓缩方法, 以及较新的离子液体和水合物浓缩酶制剂方法等, 并比较了这些方法的优缺点。蒸发浓缩酶制剂技术成熟, 但是能耗较高、酶失活率高。超滤和吸附浓缩酶制剂方法能耗较低, 但是膜和吸附材料成本较高、再生困难。冷冻酶制剂浓缩方法酶失活少, 但是浓缩率低。离子液体酶制剂浓缩方法具有保持酶活性、易于放大、可连续操作等优点, 但是技术仍不成熟。水合物酶制剂浓缩方法目前尚处于实验室研究阶段。因此, 开发出工艺简单、性能可靠、能耗较低、成本低廉的高纯度酶制剂浓缩方法依然是未来的研究方向。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。