防治水稻细菌性基腐病药剂筛选试验

田间试验表明，龙克菌、冠菌铜、克菌康、农用链霉素等4种杀菌剂防治水稻细菌性基腐病效果可达66％以上，优于消菌灵、多菌灵等，且可以大大降低病株率，增产效果明显，今后可在生产上进一步推广。     

几种不同药剂防治梨黑星病田间药效试验

梨黑星病 (VenturiapyrinaAderh)是梨树上的重要病害。近几年来在我省的广大梨产区发生和危害严重 ,严重影响了我省梨产业的发展 ,给广大梨农造成了严重的经济损失。因此 ,为筛选防治该病的新型高效、低毒杀菌剂 ,控制梨黑星病的危害 ,我们进行了 10 %世高WG、30 %特富灵WP、12 .5 %腈菌唑EC、10 %农抗 12 0WP等国内外几种不同杀菌剂防治梨黑星病的田间药效试验 ,为果树生产上科学合理地使用杀菌剂提供依据。1　材料与方法1.1　供试药剂10 %世高WG (有效成分 :醚唑 ,先正达 (中国 )投资有限公司提供 ) ;12 .5 %腈菌唑EC(沈阳化工研…     

烟草低头黑病的药剂防治研究

在室内药剂筛选基础上，采用室内盆栽及大田小区药剂试验相结合研究了防治烟草代头黑病的药及其施药方法。结果表明：５０％甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂具有良好的防治效果，穴施加茎基产喷雾的保护治疗效果达６３．５－７９．７％。     

防治葡萄黑痘病的药剂筛选

室内药效筛选表明,退菌特、波尔多液、百菌清3种杀菌剂对葡萄黑痘病菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有抑制作用。而田间常用药剂筛选结果,波尔多液和胶氨铜保花效果分别为66.8%、70.7%,全期保果效果仅为48.0%、38.3%。但是,全期防治能够提高经济效果,因此,退菌特、波尔多液、胶氨铜药剂可以在生产上推广应用。     

防治玉米大斑病的药剂筛选及田间应用

[目的]筛选防治玉米大斑病的有效药剂,为病害防治提供理论依据.[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法,测定10种杀菌单剂和5种混剂对玉米大斑病菌的抑制作用,选择效果较好的药剂进行田间试验.[结果]10种杀菌单剂中丁香菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、戊菌唑、戊唑醇和氟硅唑对玉米大斑病菌的EC50值分别为0.033、0.068、0.042、0.09...     

50%施保功WP防治葡萄黑痘病和炭疽病田间药效试验

田间药效试验结果表明，50％施保功WP800～1600倍液对葡萄黑痘病防效在80％以上其800～1200倍液对葡萄发疽病防效在75％以上。     

井冈霉素防治玉米穗腐病试验

田间试验结果表明，井冈霉素对玉米穗腐有效好防效。本文对用药适期，剂量及施药技术进行了讨论。     

人参锈腐病新型药剂筛选试验

[目的]锈腐病是人参主要病害之一,对人参产量和品质造成极大影响,目前仍没有很好的解决办法.对柱盘孢茵侵染引起的人参锈腐病进行农药防治研究,筛选出防治效果较好的新型农药.[方法]对农业生产中常用的13种新型低残留农药通过抑菌试验、盆栽试验、田间药剂防治试验进行筛选.[结果]筛选出抑菌率和防效都在40%左右的6种药剂:25%戊唑醇WP、25%丙环唑EC、40%菌核净WP、50%烯酰吗啉WP、30%氟菌唑WP和80%代森锰锌WP.[结论]试验对提高人参产量、满足市场需求和提升我国人参产业整体水平具有积极意义.     

烟草黑胫病药剂防治试验示范

烟草黑胫病是严重为害烟草的根茎病害之一。近年来云南省种烟面积不断扩大,实行粮烟三年轮作,受土地面积的限制,烤烟连作面积较大,优质当家品种抗病力不强,黑胫病为害逐年加重。据调查,每年黑胫病损失烤烟1150万斤,为各种病害损失之首位。因此,我     

Screening of white rot fungi for the treatment of olive mill waste-waters

Several white rot fungi were evaluated for their ability to decolorize olive mill waste-waters (OMW). Among these, Phanerochaete chrysosporium showed the highest potential for the biological depollution of OMW. Approximately 65% of the color and 73% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed by P. chrysosporium strain HD. Phlebia radiata, Dichomitus squalens, Polyporus frondosus and Coriolus versicolor could also decolorize the OMW but to a lesser extent. The different abilities of these white rot fungi to decolorize OMW correlated with their rates of depolymerization of high molecular weight aromatics and the degradation of the low molecular weight aromatic compounds. Fourteen strains of P. chrysosporium were compared on the basis of their lignin peroxidase (LiP) production, OMW decolorization and residual material dry weight. High lignin peroxidase producer strains, such as strains HD and BKM-F-1767, showed the highest rates of OMW decolorization, P. chrysosporium strains 79–36 and FP 104297 (low LiP producer strains) did not exhibit any decolorization activity.     

Surfactant screening techniques for effective dispersion of carbon black pigment

Effective dispersion of a pigment in a colour concentrate is imperative to its performance. A well dispersed pigment yields the true strength of a colour and becomes stabilised in the long run. To accomplish this, a suitable chemistry of the surfactant is a prerequisite for dispersion and stabilisation of the pigment. A plethora of surfactants are available commercially and it is very difficult to choose the right surfactant that suits the pigment chemistry. Carbon black, being difficult to disperse, was chosen in this study to provide dispersion from an effective surfactant. Simple screening processes, if available for these surfactants, can save a huge amount of time and energy compared with the conventional method of conducting individual experiments. This paper discusses the development of such simple surfactant screening techniques, which could make the selection process simpler and quicker.     

四株产酸白腐菌应用于碱性造纸黑液生物治理的研究

研究了4株产酸白腐菌在碱性黑液体系中pH值、固体量、酸析与酸溶木质素、COD的变化状况。结果表明碱性对产酸白腐菌具有抑制作用。S4B、S6B及S5B（pH=9）不能适应碱性环境，S1B和S5B（pH＝8）能够适应一定的碱性环境，同时改变体系pH值、木质素和COD。S1B可将环境酸碱度从初始的pH＝8、pH＝9下降到pH=1,即通过产酸与生产降解，去除体系中木质素，COD去除率达73％。说明产酸白腐菌在碱性黑液中可以发挥产酸与降解的双重功能，可应用于黑液的生物处理。     

高效降解复合菌系的廉价降解培养基筛选

考察了麸皮、鱼粉、玉米粉、棉籽粉、花生粉、豆粕及尿素对偶氮染料降解复合菌系的生长、产酶及底物降解等方面的影响,从而筛选出最适宜的廉价氮源。研究表明,采用麸皮和鱼粉作为廉价氮源并控制其含氮量的质量比为4∶2时,复合菌系对偶氮染料的降解效果最佳。同时还发现,最佳的廉价培养基(BFS)组合为:麸皮18.76g/L、葡萄糖5.00 g/L、鱼粉3.08 g/L、KH_2PO_4 1.80 g/L、NaH_2PO_4 3.50 g/L、FeCl_3 0.01 g/L、MnSO_4 0.02 g/L、MgSO_4 0.20 g/L、pH 7.2。筛选出的廉价培养基(BFS)成本仅为原蛋白胨染料降解培养基(PDS)成本的8.77%。     

一株黑臭水体净化菌株的筛选及性能探究

黑臭水体严重制约我国经济可持续发展。微生物菌剂法因其成本低、环境友好、无二次污染而备受关注。筛选对黑臭水有快速净化效果的菌株,探究其净水性能并鉴定,为高效黑臭水净化菌剂的开发提供菌种资源。采用放线菌选择性培养基从活性污泥及黑臭河道中筛选出净化黑臭水效果最佳的菌株,并通过单因素试验探究其净水性能、通过16SrDNA基因序列分析进行鉴定。结果表明,筛选出1株对黑臭水体具有良好改善效果的菌株FX-4。经鉴定FX-4菌株为普氏拟诺卡氏菌。FX-4菌株在30℃、投菌量为1%时,对天然黑臭水中的CODcr、氨氮、S^(2-)、色阈值和臭阈值的去除率分别为71.59%、66.48%、85.16%、86.91%、85.43%。筛选得到的普氏拟诺卡氏菌可快速改善水体黑臭,可作为微生物菌剂的备选菌株,具有实际应用的潜力。     

25%噻.喹乳油防治柑桔红蜘蛛田间药效试验

通过试验显示，噻．喹乳油防治柑桔红蜘蛛不但防治效果好，１０００倍液药后１天为９１．４％，３天为９１．２％，１０天为９５．６％，而且药产的持续时间也较长，可达４０天以上。它克服了噻螨酮防治柑桔红蜘蛛前期效果差和喹硫磷药效持续时间短的缺点。     

防除刺萼龙葵的除草剂初步筛选

[目的]刺萼龙葵是外来有毒有害杂草,筛选高效防控药剂对控制其危害蔓延具有重要意义.[方法]采用室内生测法研究了10种茎叶处理除草剂对刺萼龙葵的防效及对植株生物量的影响.[结果]结果表明:百草枯和草甘膦对刺萼龙葵的防效最佳,施药后第5天百草枯的效果达100%,而草甘膦药后15 d可达到相同的防效.氯氟吡氧乙酸、草铵膦和2,4-滴丁酯药后30d对刺萼龙葵也具有较好的防效(≥85%),对植株生物量的抑制效果均在90%以上.[结论]百草枯、草甘膦、草铵膦、氯氟吡氧乙酸和2,4-滴丁酯可作为应急防控刺萼龙葵的候选除草剂.     

稻飞虱新药筛选技术研究

本文通过对多种筛选方法的比较,表明稻苗培养皿喷雾法具有操作简便、快速、重复性好、检出率高和用药量少等特点,是一种较好的稻飞虱新药筛选技术.     

Real-time effective density monitor (DENSMO) for aerosol nanoparticle production

A new instrument, density monitor (DENSMO), for aerosol particle size distribution characterization and monitoring has been developed. DENSMO is operationally simple and capable of measuring the effective density as well as the aerodynamic and the mobility median diameters with a time resolution of 1 s, from unimodal particle size distributions. The characterization is performed with a zeroth order mobility analyzer in series with a low pressure impactor and a filter stage. The operation of DENSMO was investigated with sensitivity analysis and, based on the results, optimal operation parameters were determined. DENSMO was also compared, in lab test measurements, against a reference method with several particle materials with bulk densities from 0.92 to 10.5 g/cm³. The results show that the deviation from the reference method was less than 25% for suitable materials.

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