True number portability and advanced call screening in a SIP-basedIP telephony system

Custom local area signaling service features offered in the PSTN have certain limitations due to the closed nature of PSTN network signaling. The adoption of telephony over IP (IP telephony) will enable a new paradigm of services and features that are not possible to implement in today's PSTN. This is especially the case for services that make use of personal, trusted information, which can be provided by a user's personal digital assistant. We demonstrate how personal information can be coupled with an IP telephony service to provide user-customized call handling by the network. In particular, we describe a demonstration architecture that includes Ethernet-attached phones running SIP, with an interface to synchronize with PDAs that supply personal information. The proposed architecture is quite flexible; it can support enhanced versions of the current PSTN and private branch exchange services, in addition to many new features and services. We describe true number portability and advanced call screening as examples of new services in a hybrid PSTN/IP telephony environment     

Polling deregistration for unlicensed PCS

The FCC has allocated the spectrum between 1850-1910 and 1930-1990 MHz for licensed personal communications services (PCS) and the band between 1920-1930 MHz for unlicensed PCS (UPCS). This paper describes a polling deregistration protocol for a wireless access communications network which would support interoperability between licensed personal communications services (PCS) and unlicensed-PCS (UPCS). We show how the protocol can be efficiently implemented in the personal access communications system (PACS) for licensed PCS and in the PACS-Unlicensed Version B (PACS-UB). An analytical model is proposed to analyze the performance of the polling protocol. A cost function is derived, which can be used to estimate the optimal polling frequency     

IN architectures for implementing universal personaltelecommunications

This article focuses on architectures for providing universal personal telecommunications (UPT) service to wireline users. Although UPT services could be provided to users of wireless phones, thereby giving those users personal communication services (PCS), the wireline environment introduces certain important complications. Unlike "smart" cellular phones, which can register themselves and the user automatically, wireline telephones are unable to automatically detect and register a UPT user. UPT therefore includes a manual registration procedure to associate a PTN with the phone where calls will be received or placed. Also, unlike personal communications terminals that are typically used by only one person, wireline phones are likely to be shared among other users. Therefore, the network must keep track of who is using the phone, so it can provide the appropriate telecommunications services. It would be difficult or impossible to implement UPT as a switch-based service. Fortunately, an intelligent network (IN) architecture that is well suited for implementing UPT is being deployed by many local exchange (LECs) and interexchange carriers (IXCs)     

M2M-Kommunikation und Satellitennavigation

Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine daily life without satellite communication and satellite navigation. Many applications and services use communication and satellite navigation technologies in order to facilitate daily life. This article focuses on location-based services (LBS) provided by TeleConsult Austria which can be used in different fields and circumstances. These services contribute significantly to personal security and increased mobility.     

A survey on identity federation solutions

As Internet is a prime vehicle for business and personal interactions, more and more organizations provide their users with personalized online services. Identity Management is, therefore, a key component for these organizations to manage users’ accounts (i.e. identities) and secure access to their personal services and information. Today, however, users’personal information and authentication are confined to organizations’ boundaries. This brings to a situation where the users have multiple identities on the Internet preventing both users and organizations to benefit from registrations and authentications already done at other organizations. Identity federation becomes, therefore, a key component of identity management enabling authentications and personal information to pass through organizations’boundaries in a privacy-friendly way. This article focuses on Single Sign-On and attribute sharing, two of the main functions Identity Management systems provide. It gives an overview of the main solutions available today.     

Personalizing ISDN

It is argued that making integrated services digital networks (ISDNs) more popular among personal computer users is essential for ISDN to prosper. Users in offices, businesses, and at home form a large potential ISDN market. Existing ISDN interface modules such as ISDN adapter boards for personal computers, are limited to ISDN features and can hardly handle the various needs of personal users. An ISDN interface module for personal computers must be designed to handle various applications and provide any-to-any communications. An ISDN personal computer interface developed to handle digital and analog communication protocols and flexibly combine resources is described     

Personal communications services

The history of the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) examination of proposals to allocate radio frequency spectrum to a new and innovative range of services it calls personal communications services (PCS) is outlined. Personal communication networks (PCN), which will supply mobile two-way, mass-market communications services, the most advanced offering of the PCS area, and spectrum allocation for PCS are discussed. The results of a consumer market study of the potential for PCN services are also discussed     

Spread spectrum technology: a solution to the personalcommunications services frequency allocation dilemma

The spectrum allocation problems posed by the establishment of personal communications services (PCS) are discussed, and some conclusions are drawn from the recent experience of licensing personal communications networks (PCNs) in the UK. A proposal for spectrum sharing is presented, focusing on the criteria to be met and the use of code-division multiaccess technology for its implementation     

European third-generation mobile systems

Vast importance is being placed in Europe on the development of third-generation mobile telecommunications systems, since it is expected that mobile and personal communications will become a key driver for growth and innovation in the next millenium as well as being a necessary building block of the wireless information society. Significant progress has been made since 1988 by a number of European Union funded R&D projects working toward the development of future generations of mobile communication concepts, systems, and networks. The ACTS (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services) program will offer, in the period 1995-1998, service providers, communications operators, and equipment manufacturers greater opportunities to master and trial mobile and personal communications services and technologies. From the user's perspective the ACTS program will strive to ensure that current mobile services are extended to include multimedia and broadband services, that access to services are made without regard to the underlying networks, and that convenient, lightweight, compact, and power-efficient terminals adapt automatically to whatever air-interface parameters are appropriate to the user's location and desired services     

个人通信网和个人通信服务

作为第三代移动通信的创新概念“个人通信”被提出以来，个人通信网和个人通信服务从定义、理论、技术、设备等各方面得到不断发展和明显进步，得到全世界通信学界的极大重视，本文依据个人通信网的定义和现实发展，对个人通信网的研究发展方向，技术重点，实现个人通信服务所需求的功能和应用前景等进行讨论。     

Influences of external digital environment,markets and terminal price elasticity on personal satellite systems

Although there is no doubt about the feasibility of personal communications via small satellites in low earth orbit, there is considerable uncertainty about the size of the market, whether the specific applications will be business or personal in context, about the market relationship between voice services and data services, and the implications for system design of any information that might be developed on these questions. This paper will develop the concept that the key to understanding low orbit small satellite communications systems is the message delivery time requirement of markets and that the data services market has a widely varying range of acceptable data delivery times. We estimate the distribution of data delivery time versus population of users on a global basis. A second concept to be developed in this paper is that low orbit satellites are in some respects matched to global data delivery applications because of the daylight time zones and natural delays they impose. Using the estimated market size versus message delivery time, we show that there is a significant design implication for the space segment in terms of the number of satellites, the orbit period, and the use of crosslinks. It will be further shown that the difference in complexity of data and voice services with respect to cost argues for the rapid emergence and success of data services. Finally, we will show that a preferred terminal architecture may be an accessory or applique for a personal computer, rather than a small dedicated satellite terminal, based on the extant population of personal computers. A review of the planned terminal architectures of emerging systems reveals that using a personal computer as the basis for a terminal has not yet received wide interest. In particular, the new laptop smaller computers may be the natural catalyst for personal satellite data services in facilitating the terminal.     

Satellite systems for personal communications

A number of industrial groups are planning to construct satellite systems to provide personal communications services (typically voice, data, and fax) to users who will employ small, hand-held, cellular-type telephones. Some of these systems (e.g., Iridium and Globalstar) will be constructed using satellites in low Earth orbit. Two (Odyssey and ICO) will employ medium Earth orbit (six-hour period), and still others (ACeS and Agrani) will operate from geostationary altitude. The origin and evolution of mobile satellite communications is discussed first, including the INMARSAT system and several land-based mobile satellite systems in operation. The rival approaches to the personal communications services (PCS) market are then described, and some of the technical challenges inherent in each are indicated. The paper concludes with speculation on the factors influencing the likelihood of business success for the various PCS systems     

基于软交换的个人监控通信

网络的融合及终端智能化程度的提高，为个人监控通信的实现提供了条件。借助于M2M技术，软交换网络可以为个人监控通信提供理想的实现平台。基于软交换的网络架构和实现原理，个人监控通信系统可分为网络侧和用户侧两部分。网络侧设备包括软交换机、现场业务中心等，位于核心控制层和业务层；用户侧设备包括监控设备、现场设备、网关和现场控制平台，位于接入层和现场设备层。通过基于软交换的个人监控通信系统可以实现家庭自动化、公共服务、资源调度、安全监测以及社群互助等多种人机通信业务。随着机器智能的提高和网络的融合，将来个人监控还会不断完善和发展，极有可能成为未来通信的主流业务之一。     

Integrated Services over ATM/MAN-Based Personal Communication Networks

IEEE 802.6 metropolitan area networks (MANs) providean efficient architecture for supporting wirelesspersonal communication services (PCSs) overmetropolitan areas by interconnecting wireless basestations into personal communication networks (PCNs).They also serve as peripheral gathering networks totransport PCS traffic over a wide area broadbandintegrated services digital network employingasynchronous transfer mode (ATM), enabling integrationof PCNs in different cities into a global PCN. Bycombining the various access methods and employing adynamic bandwidth integration scheme, a MAN canfunction as a powerful distributed switch forintegrating different types of local traffic.Simulation results are presented to illustrate theadvantages of the integration scheme. To provideubiquitous PCS, we also propose a simplesuffix-dialing method for integrating telephone, fax,paging and email services over the ATM/MAN-based PCNsusing a single personal telecommunication number. Withthis method, the current practice of printing a longlist of phone numbers on one's business card will nolonger be necessary.     

Design, implementation, and performance measurement of anative-mode ATM transport layer (extended version)

We describe the design, implementation, and performance measurement of a transport layer targeted specifically for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. The layer has been built from scratch to minimize overhead in the critical path, provide per-virtual circuit quality of service (QoS) guarantees, and take advantage of ATM adaptation layer 5 functionality. It provides reliable and unreliable data delivery with a choice of feedback and leaky-bucket flow control. These services can be combined to create per-virtual-circuit customized transport services. Our work is novel in that it provides high-performance, reliable, flow-controlled transport service using cheap personal computers (PCs). We describe the mechanisms and the operating system support needed to provide these services in detail. An extensive performance measurement allows us to pinpoint and eliminate inefficiencies in our implementation. With this tuning, we are able to achieve a user-to-user throughput of 55 Mb/s between two 66 MHz Intel 80486 personal computers with FORE Systems' HPA-200 EISA-bus host adaptors. The user-to-user latency for small messages is around 720 μs. These figures compare favorably with the performance of far more expensive workstations and validate the correctness of our design choices     

Hierarchical and distributed information handling for UPT

Various types of personal telecommunications (PT) services are summarized, and the service information required to provide them are identified. Information-allocation schemes over multiple networks are examined. Hierarchical information-handling and information-localization schemes and their applicability to PT services are discussed. The effects of hierarchical information handling and information localization are discussed in the framework of the intelligent network     

The Concept of a Personal Distributed Environment for Wireless Service Delivery

Traditionally wireless service delivery has been restricted in scope to voice and text messaging and has been targeted at a single user device. Increasing interest is now being shown in ubiquitous delivery of services, including many forms of information and entertainment services, over a variety of wireless delivery mechanisms and to a collection of devices controlled by an individual user. These devices may be both local and remote to the user but their combination, and the services provided, form the user’s personal distributed environment (PDE). This paper reviews the concepts associated with a PDE and highlights some of the technical problems which require to be addressed in order to make such an environment a self-organising and attractive proposition from the user viewpoint. The paper defines the elements of a personal distributed environment and concentrates on the issues of personal access management and personal service management. It illustrates typical signalling exchanges required for the control of devices within the PDE and stresses the way in which the PDE may be attached to the core network. The paper will also illustrate a typical scenario in which a PDE might be deployed and will highlight the very important issues of security which must be incorporated in the overall PDE management.     

Wireless loops: What are they?

Several loop applications of wireless technology are aimed at reducing the cost of deploying communications services ranging from telephone to wideband video. In these applications, wireless links replace a portion of a wireline loop from a central location (a central office or cable headend) to a subscriber. The replacement of labor-intensive wireline technology by complex mass-produced integrated electronics in wireless transceivers is projected to reduce the overall cost of the resulting loop. These wireless loop applications attempt to provide existing communications services or small modifications to existing communications services. A different interpretation of a wireless loop makes use of low-power digital radio technology to provide the last thousand feet or so of a loop. Low-power low-complexity wireless loop technology in small base units can be integrated with network intelligence to provide the fixed-infrastructure network needed to support economical personal communications services (PCS) to small, lightweight, low-power personal voice and/or data communicators. Low-complexity communicators can provide many hours of “talk time” or data transmission time and perhaps several days of standby time from small batteries (≤ 1.5 oz). Because this application of wireless loop technology can reduce the inherent costs in several parts of a wireline loop, it has the potential to provide convenient widespread PCS at less costs than providing telephone services over conventional wireline loops. This low-power wireless loop application does not fit into any existing communications system paradigm. Wireless technology with tetherless access and wide-ranging mobility, e.g., the personal access communications system (PACS), does not fit the accumulated wisdom of the wireline telephony paradigm. It also does not fit the paradigm of existing cellular radio that has sparsely distributed expensive cell sites, and it is not targeted at fixed video services as is wireless cable. Because a significant change in thinking is required in addressing this new low-power low-complexity widespread wireless loop paradigm, its large economic advantages and service benefits have not yet been embraced by many of the existing communications providers, who appear to be more comfortable pursuing the better-known paradigms of video using wireless cable, or of cellular radio in the guise of high-tier PCS, or in the guise of rapid economical deployment of telephone services in developing nations. This paper discusses the inherent economic advantages and service benefits of low-power low-complexity wireless loop technology integrated with network intelligence aimed at providing economical low-tier PCS to everyone.     

A Privacy-Considerate Framework for Identity Management in Mobile Services

The subscribers’ personal information and services that mobile operators are able to provide to Web developers offer new and exciting possibilities in numerous domains. However, bringing mobile information services to the Web to enable a new generation of mobile Web services presents several research challenges on identity and privacy management. In this paper, we describe a framework for identity management in mobile services that empowers users to govern the use and release of their personal information. Our framework is based on a brokering approach that intermediates between the mobile operator’s information services and the Web service providers. By leveraging on Web services, identity management infrastructure and privacy enhancing technologies, our framework provides an effective, privacy-considerate delivery of services over the mobile Web environment. This paper describes the design principles and architecture of the framework as well as the feasibility, applicability and user-experience evaluation we have carried out.     

异构个人域网络中的分布式目录信息存储

移动技术和泛在计算的融合在推动移动业务发展的同时也带来了移动性方面的挑战。分析了移动泛在条件下个人域网络的异构性、短距离性与组移动性的特征,针对这些特征给出了一种无中心化目录存储机制,用于个人域网络的自主维护与组织。在大量设备成组加入的情况下,消耗的带宽资源不会随之大幅增加,有效节约了带宽,维护了系统工作的稳定性。