基于滤波的伪线性回归系统递推最小二乘辨识方法

针对伪线性回归系统,提出了基于滤波的最小二乘辨识方法,基本思想是采用估计的噪声模型对系统观测数据和信息向量进行滤波,并用滤波后的数据进行辨识。仿真结果表明提出的算法能够估计伪线性回归系统的参数。     

基于辅助模型和数据滤波的伪线性回归系统参数估计方法

针对伪线性输出误差回归系统的辨识模型新息信息向量存在不可测变量的问题,首先通过构造一个辅助模型,用辅助模型的输出代替未知中间变量,推导得到的基于辅助模型的递推最小二乘参数估计算法计算量较大,但算法的辨识效果不佳。进一步采用估计的噪声模型对系统观测数据进行滤波,使用滤波后的数据进行参数估计,从而推导提出了基于数据滤波的递推最小二乘参数估计算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效估计伪线性回归线性输出误差系统的参数。     

基于辅助模型和数据滤波的伪线性回归系统参数估计方法

针对伪线性输出误差回归系统的辨识模型新息信息向量存在不可测变量的问题,首先通过构造一个辅助模型,用辅助模型的输出代替未知中间变量,推导得到的基于辅助模型的递推最小二乘参数估计算法计算量较大,但算法的辨识效果不佳。进一步采用估计的噪声模型对系统观测数据进行滤波,使用滤波后的数据进行参数估计,从而推导提出了基于数据滤波的递推最小二乘参数估计算法。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效估计伪线性回归线性输出误差系统的参数。     

基于递推批量最小二乘的Volterra级数辨识方法

针对用批量最小二乘方法进行 Volterra级数在线辨识计算量大 ,所需数据存储空间多 ,以及实际应用时自相关矩阵易出现病态的不足 ,提出了一种基于递推批量最小二乘的 Volterral级数辨识方法 .该方法利用观测矩阵维数固定的批量最小二乘辨识 ,形式简单 ,所需数据存储空间小 ;同时利用递推辨识的思想 ,避免了对矩阵直接求逆 ,减小了计算量 .另外 ,为了防止自相关矩阵出现病态 ,文中引入影响因子的概念对观测数据进行取舍 ,一定程度上增强辨识的数值稳定性 .最后通过一个工程实例验证了该方法的有效性 .该方法为 Volterra级数的在线辨识提供了一个重要方法     

基于广义惩罚加权最小二乘的低剂量CT重建方法

针对低剂量CT成像问题,本文提出了一个基于广义惩罚加权最小二乘的低剂量CT重建方法,并在一定条件下建立了算法的全局收敛性定理.首先对投影数据进行统计建模构建广义加权最小二乘保真项,并且将二次先验信息引入投影数据的恢复过程中,从而达到抑制噪声的目的 ,最后使用经典的滤波反投影算法对恢复后的投影数据进行解析重建.实验结果表...     

基于KRLS的非均匀采样非线性系统辨识

利用提升技术可将非均匀采样非线性系统离散化为一个多输入单输出传递函数模型,从而将系统输出表示为非均匀刷新非线性输入和输出回归项的线性参数模型,进一步基于非线性输入的估计或过参数化方法进行辨识.然而,当非线性环节结构未知或不能被可测非均匀输入参数化表示时,上述辨识方法将不再适用.为了解决这个问题,利用核方法将原始非线性数据投影到高维特征空间中使其线性可分,再对投影后的数据应用递推最小二乘算法进行辨识,提出基于核递推最小二乘的非均匀采样非线性系统辨识方法.此外,针对系统含有有色噪声干扰的情况,参考递推增广最小二乘算法的思想,利用估计残差代替不可测噪声,提出核递推增广最小二乘算法.最后,通过仿真例子验证所提算法的有效性.     

广义输出误差模型的两阶段最小二乘递推辨识

在有色噪声干扰系统中有一类系统, 它具有广义输出误差模型(OEARMA), 本文提出一类广义输出误差模型的 两阶段递推最小二乘参数估计算法. 该算法基本思想是结合辅助模型辨识思想和分解技术, 将系统分解成两个子系统, 每个子系统包含一个参数向量. 借助基于辅助模型和递推最小二乘理论, 用辅助模型的输出代替辨识模型信息向量中未 知中间变量, 用估计残差代替信息向量中不可测噪声项, 从而可以运用递推辨识思想来估计系统所有参数. 该算法具有 较高的计算效率, 仿真例子说明提出算法的有效性.     

飞机颤振模态参数辨识的频域广义整体最小二乘算法

采用一种适用于噪声环境的广义整体最小二乘算法,准确地辨识飞机的颠振模态参数．该算法结合有理传递函数模型,将带噪系统的辨识问题转化为广义整体最小二乘问题．利用线性的广义奇异值分解求解模型系数,避免了非线性优化的复杂计算．通过迭代法更新加权项,获得了接近于极大似然估计的辨识效果．最后利用试飞试验数据辨识飞机的模态参数,验证了该方法的有效性．     

满秩分解最小二乘法船舶航向模型辨识

为了解决标准遗忘因子最小二乘法在线辨识船舶航向模型参数漂移和发散问题,考虑到船舶在实际航行中存在海洋环境扰动和数据欠激励的情况,提出并验证了一种基于满秩分解的递推最小二乘法.用实船数据进行船舶航向模型参数辨识,将辨识结果与标准遗忘因子最小二乘算法、多新息最小二乘法、最小二乘支持向量机的辨识结果进行对比,验证了满秩分解有...     

基于MATLAB的广义最小二乘参数辨识与仿真

针对参数辨识中最小二乘法（LS）存在的缺点,讨论了一种用迭代的松弛算法对最小二乘辨识的改进方法-广义最小二乘（GLS）辨识,并介绍了其基于Matlab的仿真和分析方法。首先简述参数辨识的概念、最小二乘法辨识存在的主要缺点和广义最小二乘法的基本原理,之后简要介绍了Matlab系统辨识工具箱及其中参数辨识的实现方法,最后结合实例给出相应的仿真程序及其结果分析,仿真结果表明：该方法辨识精度高,明显优于最小二乘辨识。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.