喷射成形技术及应用开发研究

喷射成形技术是一种快速凝固近终成形材料制备新技术,其最突出的创新点在于,把液态金属的雾化(快速凝固)和雾化熔滴的沉积(熔滴动态致密固化)自然地结合起来,在一步冶金操作中完成,以最少的工序,直接从液态金属制取具有快速凝固组织、整体致密、接近零件实际形状的高性能材料或半成品坯件。利用这项技术,不仅可以制备出许多高性能的新材料,而且可以大幅度提高传统材料的性能,同时又不明显地增加材料的制备成本,容易获得较高的产量,因此,喷射成形技术对于冶金材料制备行业来讲,有着广泛的适应性,是标志着材料制备技术更新换代的一种新型技术手段,在国际上,与半固态加工、薄板坯铸轧     

凝固原理的前沿进展及其应用

凝固原理是揭示液固相变过程基本规律的学科领域。基于凝固原理的材料制备与成形加工技术即是凝固技术。凝固技术的应用包括铸件、铸锭的铸造,以及各种金属与非金属材料的熔体法晶体生长。在综合分析凝固技术应用背景的基础上,讨论了凝固原理和凝固技术的发展现状。归纳了不同材料加工技术所对应的凝固条件,指出不同加工工艺中凝固过程的差异仅在于对应的温度梯度和冷却速率的不同。进而从工程实践的角度分析了凝固技术研究的前沿方向,指出多组元合金凝固原理,近快速凝固原理与技术,以及多层次凝固分析及其跨尺度耦合是凝固原理与技术研究的发展前沿。最后,分别探讨了铸件、铸锭铸造以及熔体法晶体生长过程中的核心凝固问题与过程控制的原则。     

电磁场作用下的金属凝固与成形

综述了电磁场在金属凝固成形过程中的主要应用及其基本原理，指出了应用计算机数值模拟方法求解材料电磁加工问题的重要性及其今后的发展方向。     

金属材料半固态凝固及成形技术进展

简要介绍了金属材料半固态凝固及成形技术发展的历史和现状,重点介绍了近年开发的几种金属材料半固态凝固制备技术的代表性方法与特点、铝合金和镁合金等轻金属材料半固态凝固及流变成形的组织与性能、高熔点合金材料半固态凝固制备及成形技术的进展以及半固态凝固成形技术的应用现状,最后对金属材料半固态凝固及成形技术的进展状况及发展前景作了简单的总结和展望。     

力-位移分控多点成形新工艺及其回弹控制机理

目的对比研究力-位移分控多点弯曲成形的受力和变形特点,揭示力-位移分控多点成形技术改善成形质量的机理。方法首先设计制造出采用力-位移分控多点成形原理成形的实验装置,并进行圆柱面的实际成形,比较不同成形模式下所获得成形制件的差异,然后采用理论分析和数值模拟等手段,分析对比不同成形模式的受力与变形条件,探讨不同成形模式下的变形特点与规律。结果从理论上给出了力-位移分控多点成形能有效减小回弹、消除"直边效应"的力学原理,指出了力-位移分控多点成形技术减小回弹的根本原因在于法向约束力的作用,且回弹减小量与法向约束力的大小成正比,并通过数值模拟,从应力和应变分布、支反力变化等方面予以了验证。结论力-位移分控多点成形从本质上改变了板材的受力和变形条件,能有效提升成形质量。     

喷射成形高温合金的研究与应用

喷射成形是一种近终形快速凝固技术,综述了喷射成形高温合金的研究和应用.研究表明,喷射成形高温合金成分均匀、无宏观偏析、晶粒细小、气体夹杂含量低,力学性能与粉末合金相当,高于变形合金,冷热加工性能明显改善,且成本较低.喷射成形高温合金技术通过20多年的发展取得了较大的进步,包括纯洁金属喷射成形(CMSF)和纯洁金属成核铸造(CMNC).喷射成形高温合金的应用主要是管件、环形件和盘件.最后对喷射成形涡轮盘材料FGH96组织作了初步的研究.     

金属熔体的电磁成形与凝固

材料的电磁加工是当今材料加工技术领域研究和发展的一个重点。本文简述作为材料电磁加工技术理论基础的电磁流体力学的基本内容，给出电磁场各种的基本原理，着重阐述电磁力和焦耳热在金属熔体电磁成形与凝固过程中的应用。     

难加工金属材料短流程高效制备加工技术研究进展

提出了难加工金属材料可以分为2大类的观点:一类是源于材料本征性能的难加工材料,具有高脆性,或高熔点、高变形抗力的特点;另一类是源于制备加工工艺复杂、成材率低的难加工材料。以作者课题组近年来的工作为基础,重点介绍了高硅电工钢、精密铜管、热交换用BFe10-1-1合金管材、高弹高导Cu-12%(质量分数)Al合金的短流程高效制备加工技术的研究开发进展情况。认为通过熔体和凝固过程的精确控制,可精确控制凝固组织和形状尺寸,是开发先进短流程制备加工技术的重要途径。     

梯度复合材料激光熔化沉积成形的研究进展

高性能梯度复合材料是为克服现有单一均质材料无法满足某些特殊性能要求或为充分发挥不同材料的性能潜力而发展的一类新型复合材料,其显著特征是材料的组分、结构及物性参数根据需要呈连续或梯度变化。激光熔化沉积成形技术采用逐点连续添加材料成形,赋予了该技术在材料组成、凝固组织、外形尺寸等控制上的极大柔性,是未来发展集材料设计、制备、成形及组织性能控制于一体的材料智能制备与成形技术的重要方向。着重介绍采用激光熔化沉积成形技术制备镍系、钛系梯度复合材料方面取得的最新研究进展,通过分析存在的问题和面临的挑战,指出了未来工作的主要方向。     

让材料热制造更智能,让材料加工更高效——材料智能热制造论坛侧记

正新材料的研制与发展几乎无一例外地得益于材料制备和成形加工技术的进步。在当今信息化和智能化时代,材料加工技术创新还对驱动传统产业转型升级,助力中国制造具有重要的意义。计算机技术、大数据与人工智能、数据库技术和先进控制技术给传统的材料热制造带来了深刻的影响与变革。2017年11月10-12日,2017新材料国际发展趋势高层论坛在陕西西安     

Crystal orientation of non-magnetic materials by imposition of a high magnetic field

From the view point of learning from the nature, the controlling of crystal orientation is accounted to be a major subject for materials processing. This paper reviews the researches on the crystal orientation by use of a high magnetic field and belongs to the category of researches for mimicking structures, namely the crystal orientation, which nature or living bodies are forming. Regarding to the crystal orientation, several methods such as unidirectional solidification and epitaxial growth and so on have been developed hitherto. On the other hand the magnetization force that is familiar with the force to attract iron to a magnet, has been recognized to be effective even in non-magnetic materials when those are placed under a high magnetic field, which has become rather conveniently available by developing super-conducting technologies in these days. In this paper, main results obtained when the imposition of a high magnetic field was accompanied to several materials processing such as electrodeposition, vaperdeposition, solidification, baking, slip-casting and precipitation, are reviewed from the view point of crystal orientation of non-magnetic materials.     

Crystal orientation of non-magnetic materials by imposition of a high magnetic field

From the view point of learning from the nature, the controlling of crystal orientation is accounted to be a major subject for materials processing. This paper reviews the researches on the crystal orientation by use of a high magnetic fieldand belongs to the category of researches for mimicking structures, namely the crystal orientation, which nature or livingbodies are forming. Regarding to the crystal orientation, several methods such as unidirectional solidification and epitaxial growth and so on have been developed hitherto. On the other hand the magnetization force that is familiar with the force to attract iron to a magnet, has been recognized to be effective even in non-magnetic materials when those are placed under a high magnetic field, which has become rather conveniently available by developing superconducting technologies in these days. In this paper, main results obtained when the imposition of a high magnetic field was accompanied to several materials processing such as electrodeposition, vaperdeposition, solidification, baking, slip-casting and precipitation, arereviewed from the view point of crystal orientation of non-magnetic materials.     

Friction stir based welding and processing technologies - processes,parameters, microstructures and applications: A review

Friction stir welding (FSW) has achieved remarkable success in the joining and processing of aluminium alloys and other softer structural alloys. Conventional FSW, however, has not been entirely successful in the joining, processing and manufacturing of different desired materials essential to meet the sophisticated green globe requirements. Through the efforts of improving the process and transferring the existing friction stir knowledge base to other advanced applications, several friction stir based daughter technologies have emerged over the timeline. A few among these technologies are well developed while others are under the process of emergence. Beginning with a broad classification of the scattered frictions stir based technologies into two categories, welding and processing, it appears now time to know, compile and review these to enable their rapid access for reference and academia. In this review article, the friction stir based technologies classified under the category of welding are those applied for joining of materials while the remnant are labeled as friction stir processing (FSP) technologies. This review article presents an overview of four general aspects of both the developed and the developing friction stir based technologies, their associated process parameters, metallurgical features of their products and their feasibility and application to various materials. The lesser known and emerging technologies have been emphasized.     

Comparative study of jetting machining technologies over laser machining technology for cutting composite materials

There has been a great interest for improving the machining of composite materials in the aerospace and other industries. This paper focuses on the comparative study of jetting techniques and laser machining technics. This paper concentrates on the machining of composite materials like epoxy pre-impregnated graphite woven fabric and fibre reinforced plastic materials that are used in aerospace industries. While considering machining these materials with the traditional machining there are many disadvantages projected. One of these advantages is that all the traditional machining processes involve the dissipation of heat into the workpiece. This serious shortcoming has been dealt by the jetting technologies, which, contrary to the traditional machining, operate under cold conditions. The two methods in the jetting technologies used for processing materials are water jet machining and abrasive water jet machining. The first of these, water jet machining, has been around for the past 20 years and has paved the way for abrasive water jet technology. Water jet machining and abrasive water jet machining have been used for processing composite materials because of the advantages offered by this technologies as compared to traditional techniques of processing. The high surface and structural integrity required of any technique used for processing composite materials has created an opportunity for abrasive water jet machining. Cutting of composites using laser is also an option, and experiments were also conducted to reveal the extent of using laser technique.     

Nb基超高温合金制备及定向凝固用坩埚的选择

目前Nb基超高温合金的制备主要是通过多次电孤熔炼得到成分均匀的铸锭.其定向凝固或者是在水冷铜坩埚内采用Czochralski技术进行,或者是采用不需要坩埚的悬浮区熔法实现,但这两种方法都不能得到较高的温度梯度.为了获得更好的定向凝固组织,需要在超高温超高真空定向凝固设备上进行有坩埚的整体定向凝固.结合国内外共晶自生复合材料常用的制备技术,提出了适用于铌基超高温合金整体定向凝固技术的坩埚材料及其涂层技术.     

Nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials

Research and development in nanostructured materials is one of the most intensely studied areas in science. As a result of concerted R & D efforts, nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials have achieved commercial success. Specific examples of novel industrially important nanostructured electronic and magnetic materials are provided. Advantages of nanocrystalline magnetic materials in the context of both materials and devices are discussed. Several high technology examples of the use of nanostructured magnetic materials are presented. Methods of processing nanostructured materials are described and the examples of sol gel, rapid solidification and powder injection moulding as potential processing methods for making nanostructured materials are outlined. Some opportunities and challenges are discussed.     

材料电磁加工的现状与未来展望

综述了材料电磁加工的研究现状和未来的发展动向。由于在熔化、精炼、铸造、轧制等连续铸造过程中应用了电磁场,连铸坯的表面质量和凝固组织得到改善。在电镀、金属腐蚀、金属凝固等过程中施加强磁场,改变了溶质的质量传输,提高了产品质量。     

定向凝固钛铝合金熔体与铸型界面反应研究展望

钛铝合金是性能优异的高温合金,在航空航天领域有广泛的应用前景,但由于其熔体具有较高的活性,制备时熔体与所有已知的铸型材料会发生不同程度的反应,限制了钛铝合金铸件的发展.定向凝固技术作为制备高精度钛铝合金的新工艺,使铸件组织定向排列,可以进一步提高钛铝合金的使用性能,因此如何调控凝固过程中钛铝合金熔体与铸型材料间的界面反应成为目前有关定向凝固钛铝合金研究的一个热点.从目前国内外关于钛铝合金熔体与铸型材料间界面反应的研究出发,综述了定向凝固过程中铸型材料、涂层成分、工艺参数及合金元素等对界面反应的影响,介绍了界面反应的理论水平,系统收集了界面反应的各项研究结果.