Standards-based approaches to B2B workflow integration

E-business automates the overall activities of a company and allows distributed systems to communicate their information. Process automation and information sharing improve a company’s productivity and responsiveness, while Business-to-Business (B2B) workflow systems electronically aid the progress of business processes among trading partners, and also help companies to monitor and administrate their process execution. This study analyzes the technologies and standards for B2B workflow integration, and extracts a reference model for B2B workflow integration. Based on the reference model, three approaches to B2B workflow integration will be introduced here. In addition, we have developed a prototype system of one approach and have illustrated an example for B2B workflow integration. The result of our research can help business partners understand the workflow standards and the messaging technologies for B2B workflow integration, and also help them understand how to implement workflow integration systems that are appropriate to their e-business environments.     

基于RosettaNet的B2B电子商务交换平台

B2Bhub是简化Busines-to-Business（B2B）交换的一个中介体。通过B2B网关,管理不同贸易伙伴间消息交换的通信及安全问题,通过管理系统和数据转换引擎实现购买流程中,买卖双方的匹配。HUB架构中的核心部分是B2B集成服务器,它实现了RosettaNet以及其他B2B协议。因此,hub是一个在B2B集成服务器上的特殊应用。     

XML与B2B应用集成的研究与实现

B2B应用集成将应用和数据库捆绑在一起，以满足与外部企业共享信息的需求。XML提供了一个坚固的，能够被人们所理解的信息交换标准，它的基础结构非常有利于信息的交换和管理，对B2B应用集成提供强有力的支持。本文给出了一个基于XML的B2B集成方案，并对此方案作了详细讨论。     

B2B集成技术的体系结构

介绍了B2B集成技术的体系结构和概念上的模型，用来支持统一概念集成模型中并发的A2A和B2B集成。概念集成模型通过设计时仓库完成，集成模型作为元数据存储在设计时仓库。B2B集成技术的执行时范例完成实际的应用和贸易伙伴商务交易遵循编译的方法，根据存储在设计时仓库中的集成模型，执行器完成实际的集成实例。     

B2B integration in global supply chains: An identification of technical integration scenarios

The competitiveness of businesses is increasingly dependent on their electronic networks with customers, suppliers, and partners. While the strategic and operational impact of external integration and IOS adoption has been extensively studied, much less attention has been paid to the organizational and technical design of electronic relationships. The objective of our longitudinal research project is the development of a framework for understanding and explaining B2B integration. Drawing on existing literature and empirical cases we present a reference model (a classification scheme for B2B Integration). The reference model comprises technical, organizational, and institutional levels to reflect the multiple facets of B2B integration. In this paper we investigate the current state of electronic collaboration in global supply chains focussing on the technical view. Using an in-depth case analysis we identify five integration scenarios. In the subsequent confirmatory phase of the research we analyse 112 real-world company cases to validate these five integration scenarios. Our research advances and deepens existing studies by developing a B2B reference model, which reflects the current state of practice and is independent of specific implementation technologies. In the next stage of the research the emerging reference model will be extended to create an assessment model for analysing the maturity level of a given company in a specific supply chain.     

Web Services在B2B集成中的应用

介绍了Web Services技术，Web Services在实现真正的跨语言、跨平台．跨企业的集成中是非常重要的。着重分析了采用Web Services技术为实现B2B集成带来的优势，并结合具体项目实现B2B集成，讨论了Web Services技术在B2B集成系统中的具体应用方法。     

The Application of Workflow Technology in Semantic B2B Integration

Workflow Management Systems (WFMSs) are often used in context of B2B integration as a base technology to implement business-to-business (B2B) integration processes across enterprises. In this context the notion of distributed inter-organizational workflows is introduced to indicate the collaboration of enterprises on a process level. This notion requires a thorough examination presented in this article since WFMSs were not designed with inter-enterprise distribution as one of the design goals. At a closer look, the proposed use of WFMSs in context of B2B integration is often very naïve and inappropriate. Consequently it does not address the real requirements found in enterprises. Enterprises do not share common workflow definitions, let alone common workflow instance execution state and have no intent to do so due to competitive knowledge protection. Furthermore, trading partner specific business rules within enterprises are not accounted for leading to an unwanted explosion of workflow definitions. This article clarifies the notion of distributed inter-organizational workflows as well as private and public processes. Based on this definition, the appropriate use of WFMSs is shown in context of an overall B2B integration solution that allows enterprises to protect their competitive knowledge while participating in B2B integration.     

A Knowledge-Based Framework for Measuring Organizational Readiness for the Adoption of B2B Integration Systems

Organizational readiness has long been identified as a critical success factor for the adoption of inter-organizational systems. This article presents a knowledge-based methodology for constructing readiness assessment instruments for B2B integration solutions and examines its validation by conducting structural equation modeling analysis with input data from wholesale trading firms in Greece. Strong emphasis is given to the usability and appropriateness of the produced indicators and the relevant gap in literature is addressed. The B2Bi success factors that are presented and the final set of their underlying indicators can provide a starting point for conducting organizational readiness evaluations for the successful adoption of multi-enterprise integration solutions. Our methodology and findings can assist enterprises and public bodies to utilize, share, and enrich a knowledge base about B2Bi organizational readiness, throughout their evolution as part of the Knowledge Society.     

基于组件的B2B电子商务系统建模研究

本文简单介绍了面向对象建模技术现状和统一建模语言（UML），并从讨论B2B电子商务系统的设计要求出发，分析了组件技术的特点和优势，提出采用组件来封装业务规则并构造商务对象，最后结合项目“电子商务试验室系统”中的B2B招标子系统的实例，着重介绍了在基于组件的B2B电子商务系统中的建模步骤与方法。     

B2B e-commerce supply chain integration and performance: A contingency fit perspective on the role of environment

Drawing upon contingency theory “fit” research in the IT and supply chain management literature, we applied the “fit” concept to the relationship between B2B e-commerce supply chain integration and performance. The results demonstrated that the effect of B2B supply chain integration on financial, market, and operational performance decreased as product turbulence and demand unpredictability jointly increased. Managerial implications include the conditions under which IT investments yield performance improvement and the need for firms to actively manage demand uncertainty.     

基于本体的B2B电子商务MAS模型及商品匹配算法

随着B2B电子商务特别是电子集市的发展,企业进行电子交易更加灵活、方便,但同时由于大量信息的异构性也带来了信息集成上的问题,而且这一问题已成为B2B电子商务发展的瓶颈。文章建立一种基于本体的多Agent模型,增加GMAg(Goods Matching Agent)用于商品的识别和自动匹配,综合考虑商品组件概念和属性组件概念的语义相似度,提出基于商品本体结构语义相似度匹配算法,解决了异构商务系统之间商品信息自动匹配问题。通过一个汽车领域的实例计算,说明其匹配精度和效率。     

基于XML的B2B电子商务采购软件代理研究

电子商务软件代理是一种较为新颖的Web开发技术,它能够帮助并代替人们处理电子商务中的诸多事务。本文着重介绍一种基于XML的B2B电子商务采购软件代理的开发模型和具体实现过程。     

用通信中间件实现B2B与ERP的系统集成

ERP系统是B2B系统的基础,企业电子商务常常建立在已有的企业内部网上,为保证电子商务有效工作,二者之间必须实现无缝集成。这就要求企业电子商务网站的数据库服务器与企业内部网的数据库服务器之间进行双向的数据通信,通信中间件产品提供了实现这种数据通讯的有效手段,本文介绍了IBM的通信中间件产品MQSeries,并用实例说明了利用它实现系统集成的方法。     

一种新的B2B电子商务过程建模方法

针对当前B2B电子商务标准和跨组织的工作流过程建模语言存在的过程描述能力比较差的问题，提出了一种新的B2B电子商务过程建模方法。该方法基于ebXML的业务过程规范模型(BPSS)并将它扩充和一般化，从而有效地实现了B2B电子商务过程模型的建立。     

Business value of B2B electronic commerce: the critical role of inter-firm collaboration

B2B (business-to-business) electronic commerce provides firms with different business value depending on how organizations use the online network. In this paper, we distinguish two different types of B2B e-commerce adoption: basic and collaborative B2B e-commerce. With “basic B2B e-commerce”, firms implement the electronic network simply to automate the exchange of commercial documents. In contrast, B2B networks are used to create new inter-firm operations with channel partners in “collaborative B2B e-commerce.” The central claim of this paper is that firms are unlikely to achieve significant benefits with Basic B2B e-commerce. B2B electronic networks offer dramatic performance improvement only when the B2B network is used to create new collaboration with channel partners. Based on the survey conducted in the grocery industry, this study suggests that the real source of performance improvement in the B2B electronic commerce is not an electronic linkage itself, but the collaboration enabled by the electronic network.     

From business to software: a B2B survey

In recent years business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce has been subject to major rethinking. A paradigm shift can be observed from document centric file-based interchange of business information to process-centric and, finally to service-based information exchange. On a business level, a lot of work has been done to capture business models and collaborative business processes of an enterprise; further initiatives address the identification of customer services and the formalization of business service level agreements (SLA). On a lower, i.e., technical level, the focus is on moving towards service-oriented architectures (SOA). These developments promise more flexibility, a market entry at lower costs and an easier IT-alignment to changing market conditions. This explains the overwhelming quantity of specifications and approaches targeting the area of B2B—these approaches are partly competing and overlapping. In this paper we provide a survey of the most promising approaches at both levels and classify them using the Open-edi reference model standardized by ISO. Whereas on the technical level, service-oriented architecture is becoming the predominant approach, on the business level the landscape is more heterogeneous. In this context, we propose—in line with the services science approach—to integrate business modeling with process modeling in order to make the transformation from business services to Web services more transparent.     

基于有限支付API条件下B2B支付实现方案研究

首先对中国B2B电子支付的现状及两种解决方案进行了分析,然后提出了一种基于中国目前银行界可提供的有限功能支付API条件之下的B2B支付实现方案,该方案在一定程度上能够解决目前中国B2B支付面临的跨行支付难,支付效率低等主要问题,是一种可行的解决方案,对中国B2B电子商务的发展具有一定理论和现实上的指导意义。     

数据交换技术在B2B电子商务中的应用和发展

在B2B电子商务解决方案中，如何交换参与商务活动企业的信息系统之间不同标准的数据是一个重要问题。传统的方法是应用基于增值网VAN的EDI技术，随着Internet的迅速发展，XML技术的日渐成熟，B2B电子商务的数据交换技术出现了新的发展契机。本文分析和比较了应用于数据交换领域的几种主要技术，并提出了一种基于XML的B2B电子商务数据交换的解决模型。     

The Effects of Process Characteristics on the Value of B2B E-Procurement

Even as more organizations are moving towards implementing Web-based B2B procurement solutions, they are unsure of the real benefits of the Web. In other words, what is the value of B2B e-procurement to an organization and how to measure this value? What factors affect this value? In this paper, we discuss an evaluation framework to determine the value of B2B e-procurement and the effect of process characteristics on the value. We use an empirical study to highlight the different value created by different procurement types. We then develop a more comprehensive economic model to capture the additional effects of demand volume and process complexity. The integration of theoretical and empirical approaches provides a strong foundation to develop and evaluate useful adoption strategies for B2B e-procurement.     

基于Web Services的B2B集成方案的研究与开发

论述了将Web Services技术应用于企业间信息系统的集成,分析了Web Services技术中的XML、SOAP、WSDL、UDDI等一系列协议和规范,提出了企业间集成的方案,集成时遇到的问题,通过UDDI成功无缝调用了其他企业提供的线路和天气预报查询服务,并且实现了一个调用这两个服务的商务系统。