仿生膜吸附-絮凝组合固定化脂肪酶及其应用

研究了猪胰脂肪酶的仿生膜、吸附-絮凝组合固定化新工艺,考察了该组合固定化脂肪酶体系用于橄榄油水解的性能。最终试验结果表明：该组合固定化脂肪酶水解反应体系的反应转化率达到54.5％,固定化酶质量回收率86,7％,酶活回收率66．7％,远高于单一固定化方法。     

树脂吸附法固定Candida rugosa脂肪酶

Candida rugosa脂肪酶具有优良的催化性能,对其进行固定化可以很方便地实现酶的回收和再利用。采用南开大学化工厂生产的4种阴离子交换树脂和4种大孔吸附树脂为载体,对来源于Candida rugosa的脂肪酶进行了吸附固定化,结果表明,以大孔吸附树脂AB-8为载体的固定酶比活性最高。固定化酶制备过程中缓冲液的最适宜pH值为7.2,最佳固定化时间为1 h,载体和酶的最佳质量配比为10∶1。与游离酶相比,固定化后酶活损失大约30%,但稳定性平均约提高60%。     

溶胶-凝胶法固定化Candida sp.99-125脂肪酶

利用正硅酸甲酯(TMOS)和丙基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)为复合硅源,以PEG(MW=20000)为稳定剂,以HCl为催化剂,经过溶胶-凝胶过程包埋假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶. 研究得到最适的固定化条件为：PTMS与TMOS的摩尔比4: 1, R值(水与硅源的摩尔比)20, 给酶量(酶占硅源的质量百分数)3.71%, PEG与酶的质量比(1~1.5):1, 硅源水解时间35 min. 在该条件下,固定化脂肪酶的最高酯化活力是游离酶最高酯化活力的2.02倍. 固定化脂肪酶在100℃保温2 h后酶活仍维持为59.1%,固定化酶催化特定酯化反应,经过8批连续反应96 h后酶活维持不变.     

黏土吸附法固定化脂肪酶的初步研究

为研究天然黏土为载体固定化脂肪酶的可行性,采用羟基化、硅烷化处理,对黏土进行改性,并以此为载体吸附固定化脂肪酶,探讨黏土固定化脂肪酶的条件对酶活及蛋白吸附量的影响,优化固定化脂肪酶条件。研究结果表明:黏土经羟基化、硅烷化改性处理后能显著提高固定化酶活和蛋白固定量,其中硅烷化改性最优;载体固定脂肪酶最优条件为:加酶量50 mg/g,载体粒径180—250μm,pH值为4.0,固定化温度25℃,固定化时间2.0 h;与游离酶相比,固定化酶显示出更广的pH值适应性。黏土固定化脂肪酶重复使用10批次后,仍能保留76.85%的初始活力。以天然黏土为载体固定化脂肪酶,具有较好的实际可应用性及操作稳定性,在较低pH值条件下应用具有一定优势。     

吸附法固定化脂肪酶研究进展简

吸附法固定化酶优点众多,特别是操作简单,载体种类丰富使其在固定化技术上占有一席之地.目前吸附法固定化脂肪酶已经得到广泛应用.介绍了吸附法固定化脂肪酶的研究现状,并对该技术的发展瓶颈及趋势进行了总结.     

改性硅藻土对脂肪酶固定化研究

以改性硅藻土为载体,采用吸附法对脂肪酶进行固定化。对固定化条件进行优化。得到较佳的固定化条件:固定化时间为4h;温度为40℃;pH值为7.5;固定化酶在40℃下保温2h后酶活损失很小,固定化酶重复性达到最佳状态。     

膜材料的亲疏水性对固定化脂肪酶的影响

用吸附法固定脂肪酶时,膜材料的亲疏水性对固定化酶的量、比活力和活力稳定性等有很大影响.今以柱状假丝酵母脂肪酶和猪胰脂肪酶为研究对象,选取了8种亲疏水性不同的膜材料(醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚酰胺、聚砜、聚醚砜、聚偏二氟乙烯、聚丙烯和聚四氟乙烯)作为固定化载体,用吸附法制备了固定化脂肪酶膜.研究结果表明,强疏水性聚四氟乙烯和聚丙烯膜对两种酶的吸附量都比较大,且固定化酶的比活力和活力回收率比较高,聚四氟乙烯固定化柱状假丝酵母酶比游离态酶的半衰期提高了6倍以上.强亲水性醋酸纤维素膜对猪胰脂肪酶的吸附量比聚四氟乙烯高,但是固定化酶的比活力、活力回收率比强疏水性膜低,而接触角在40°～50°的聚酰胺膜和聚砜膜的吸附量最小.因此吸附法制备固定化脂肪酶膜,选择聚丙烯膜和聚四氟乙烯膜是合适的,制备的优化条件为吸附温度25℃,酶溶液的pH为7.5,吸附时间10 h.     

脂肪酶固定化研究和应用

采用硅藻土作载体,进行了脂肪酶的固定化。利用固定化酶选择性催化1-苯乙醇与乙酸乙烯酯的转酯化反应,得到R-乙酸苯乙酯,进行1-苯乙醇的拆分。实验考察了不同吸附方法固定化酶的效果,确定效果最好的固定方法为载体涂布法,并对该法的固定化条件进行了优化。制备的固定化酶的转酯比活比游离酶提高了14．3倍。固定化没有改变酶的选择性．对映体过剩值仍大于98％。初步探讨了固定化酶和游离酶的反应过程。     

表面活性剂包衣的固定化脂肪酶在有机介质中催化酯化反应

以大孔吸附树脂为载体,将来源于Candidarugosa的脂肪酶用吸附法固定化后用谷氨酸双十二烷基酯核糖醇进行包衣,用于在有机溶剂中催化月桂酸和月桂醇的酯化反应。结果表明,AB 8型大孔吸附树脂为最佳载体,最适有机溶剂为异辛烷,酶固定化后再包衣,酶的比活较未包衣前提高了60%—90%。     

冰胶印迹聚合物固定化脂肪酶的制备及催化性能

利用冰冻凝胶(cryogel,简称冰胶)印迹聚合物实现了脂肪酶的固定化.在脂肪酶存在的条件下,以过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,由丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、烯丙胺共聚而得到印迹聚合物固定化酶.通过催化三油酸甘油酯与甲醇的酯交换反应,发现冰胶固定化脂肪酶、常规凝胶固定化脂肪酶、游离脂肪酶具有相似的催化性能.冰胶固定化酶与相应的凝胶固定化酶显示出类似的稳定性,而传质方面则优于常规凝胶固定化酶,因此冰胶印迹聚合物固定化有望成为一种具有吸引力的酶固定化方法.     

用蛋白质工程技术提取和修饰南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B

从南极假丝酵母中提取的脂肪酶B,具有较高的对应异构体选择性,广泛应用在培养基中,作为不对称有机化学的生物催化剂。近年来,一系列组合蛋白质工程研究和扩展了南极假丝酵母脂肪酶的催化和物理特性。这些工程不但生产出了指定的催化剂,还有助于阐明酶的结构一作用关系,并且有助于说明这些酶的对应异构体选择性。进一步的研究将在工程与酶的关系方面展开讨论。     

Suppression of Water as a Nucleophile in Candida antarctica Lipase B Catalysis

A water tunnel in Candida antarctica lipase B that provides the active site with substrate water is hypothesized. A small, focused library created in order to prevent water from entering the active site through the tunnel was screened for increased transacylation over hydrolysis activity. A single mutant, S47L, in which the inner part of the tunnel was blocked, catalysed the transacylation of vinyl butyrate to 20 mM butanol 14 times faster than hydrolysis. The single mutant Q46A, which has a more open outer end of the tunnel, showed an increased hydrolysis rate and a decreased hydrolysis to transacylation ratio compared to the wild‐type lipase. Mutants with a blocked tunnel could be very useful in applications in which hydrolysis is unwanted, such as the acylation of highly hydrophilic compounds in the presence of water.     

Fully Enzymatic Resolution of Chiral Amines: Acylation and Deacylation in the Presence of Candida antarctica Lipase B

A fully enzymatic methodology for the resolution of chiral amines has been demonstrated. Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB)‐catalyzed acylation with N‐methyl‐ and N‐phenylglycine, as well as analogues having the general formula R¹ X CH₂CO₂R² (R¹=Me, Ph; X=O, S) afforded the corresponding enantioenriched amides, which were subsequently enzymatically hydrolyzed. Surprisingly, CaLB also proved to be the catalyst of choice for this latter step. The heteroatom in the acyl donor profoundly influences both the enzymatic acylation and deacylation; the O‐substituted reagents performed best with regard to enantioselectivity as well as reaction rate in synthesis and hydrolysis.     

Improved activity and thermostability of Candida antarctica lipase B by DNA family shuffling

DNA family shuffling was used to create chimeric lipase B proteins with improved activity toward the hydrolysis of diethyl 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)glutarate (DDG). Three homologous lipases from Candida antarctica ATCC 32657, Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91 and Crytococcus tsukubaensis ATCC 24555 were cloned and shuffled to generate a diverse gene library. A high-throughput screening assay was developed and used successfully to identify chimeric lipase B proteins having a 20-fold higher activity toward DDG than lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 and a 13-fold higher activity than the most active parent derived from C.tsukubaensis ATCC 24555. In addition, the stability characteristics of several highly active chimeric proteins were also improved as a result of family shuffling. For example, the half-life at 45 degrees C and melting point (T(m)) of one chimera exceeded those of lipase B from C.antarctica ATCC 32657 by 11-fold and 6.4 degrees C, respectively, which closely approached the stability characteristics of the most thermostable parent derived from Hyphozyma sp. CBS 648.91.     

Systemic Concocting of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozyme 435) for the Biomanufacturing of Rhamnolipids

In the present study, Candida antarctica lipase B was immobilized on amine-functionalized silica microspheres as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) and utilized for the biomanufacturing of rhamnolipids (RL). Lipase CLEA synthesized under optimized conditions of 2.0:1.0 by volume of silica microsphere/enzyme concentration, a 1.0:2.5 (v/v) ratio of enzyme/2-propanol, 7 mM glutaraldehyde concentration, when incubated at pH 9.0 and 40 °C, for a cross-linking time of 30 min were observed to exhibit superior biocatalytic properties and a maximum enzyme load of 770 U g⁻¹. Lipase CLEA exhibited enhanced pH stability in acidic and alkaline media and increased temperature resistance as compared to free lipase. Both free and CLEA lipases were used to synthesize RL in different solvent systems. After 12 h, from initiation of the esterification, the degree of esterification (molar conversion yield) reached 46% and 71% in the batch mode. ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis confirm RL production by CLEA lipase. The CLEA showed greater confrontation to enzyme-mediated bioprocess approach as compared to its soluble counterpart and exhibited excellent RL production and catalytic activity even after its tenth successive reuse.     

Prediction of the Candida antarctica lipase A protein structure by comparative modeling and site-directed mutagenesis

A number of model structures of the CalA suggested by comparative modeling were tested by site-directed mutagenesis. Enzyme variants were created where amino acids predicted to play key roles for the lipase activity in the different models were replaced by an inert amino acid (alanine). The results from activity measurements of the overproduced and purified mutant enzymes indicate a structure where the active site consists of amino acid residues Ser184, His366, and Asp334 and in which there is no lid. This model can be used for future targeted modifications of the enzyme to obtain new substrate acceptance, better thermostability, and higher enantioselectivity.     

Influence of delta-functional groups on the enantiorecognition of secondary alcohols by Candida antarctica lipase B

The selectivity of acetylation of delta-functionalized secondary alcohols catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B has been examined by molecular dynamics. The results from the simulation show that a delta-alcohol functionality forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group of Thr 40. This interaction stabilizes the tetrahedral intermediate and thus leads to selective acetylation of the R enantiomer. A stabilizing interaction of the delta-(R)-acetoxy group with the peptide NH of alanine 282 was also observed. No stabilizing interaction could be found for the delta-keto functionality, and it is proposed that this is the reason for the experimentally observed decrease in enantioselectivity. From these results, it was hypothesized that the enantioselectivity could be restored by mutating the alanine in position 281 for serine. The mutation was made experimentally, and the results show that the E value increased from 9 to 120.     

南极假丝酵母产脂肪酶在15 L发酵罐中培养条件的研究

对15 L发酵罐中南极假丝酵母(C.antarctica DSM3855)的发酵工艺条件进行了研究,确定了最适的产酶工艺条件:搅拌速度为300 r·min-1,通气量为10 L·min-1,接种量为10%,添加GPE作为消泡剂.在此培养条件下,培养54 h产酶达到高峰值,最高酶活力达到19.3 U·mL-1.